Nikolai Erdman: yonena, zithunzi. Nikolai Erdman ndi Angelina Stepanova

Soviet luso wolemera mayina a anthu ambiri otchuka: olemba ndi scriptwriters ndi playwrights. Mmodzi wa atsogoleli amenewa zaluso anali Nikolai Erdman, amene yonena ali wamng'ono kudziwika. Koma iye amene analemba screenplays zoterozo mafilimu odziwika m'nthawi ya Soviet Union, monga "Volga-Volga" ndi "Jolly anyamata". Taonani nkhani ya moyo wa munthuyu ndi ntchito yake mwatsatanetsatane.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Nikolai Erdman ndi wamkulu monga m'ma, anabadwa mu 1900. mumzinda wakwawo anali Moscow. Makolo tsogolo screenwriter ndi Wolemba wina wa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana: mayi Valentina Borisovna anali mizu Chiyuda, ndi atate wake, Robert Karlovich anachokera ku Germany ndi Baltic.

Wolemba tsogolo ndi ndakatulo bwino kuphunzira ndi anakwanitsa kusonyeza lenilenilo monga wophunzira wabwino kwambiri mu Petropavlovsk sukulu malonda.

Kukwera anamupeza seventini anyamata, iye mwadzidzidzi kusintha moyo wake. Mu 1919 iye anali usilikali mu Red Army, Nikolai Erdman anatha demobilize chaka.

Pambuyo demobilization za mnyamata analumphira ku malo kulenga ya Moscow. Iye anachita chidwi yotchuka ndiye imagism, analemba ndakatulo kwa songs, amene ndiye anachita mu cabaret ndi ntchito satirical ndi masewero. Posachedwa dzina lake anadziwika m'malo ed, ndi wolemba wamng'ono anandiitana ku zisudzo monga Wolemba wina, ali ndi cholembera lakuthwa ndi olimbikira.

zaka pakati

The makumi kwa zaka za m'ma 20 anali Erdman bwino kwambiri. Iye anathandizana ndi wotchuka V. E. Meyerholdom. Zinali Nikolai Erdman analemba Mabuku a masewero wotchedwa "The Kudzipha" ndi "lamulo", umene kwakukuru ankachitika pa owonetsera Moscow.

Mu 1927, mu moyo wa Wolemba wina wa nyengo yatsopano - anakhala nkhani. Yotchuka kwambiri zaka script wake lidalembedwa kanema "Jolly anyamata". Komabe, mu 1933, screenwriter anagwidwa ndi atamasulidwa ku ukapolo patapita zaka zitatu.

Atatchula Erdman sakanakhoza kukhala mu Moscow, iye ankakhala Ryazan ndi Kalinin. Mu 1940, wolemba anasamukira ku Saratov.

Pamene Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, Erdman ananditumiza kumbuyo monga anthu wosadalirika ndale. Komabe, nkhondo zinasintha moyo wolembayo. Pamodzi ndi makonsatiwo brigade, anayamba kupita pa amadzibisa nkhondo, kumachita ngati wosewera ndi reciter.

Nkhondo itatha, tsoka anamwetulira Edman, ndipo iye anayesetsa kuchita zinthu moyenera ndiponso mulibe protrude kwambiri kutsutsa utsogoleri dziko (chifukwa cha mwamphamvu choncho, ndipo iye anagwidwa kamodzi). Iye anagwira ntchito zolembalemba, makamaka ngati Wolemba wina, iye ali anathandizana ndi zisudzo atongi wa dziko, ndipo mu 1951 anali ngakhale kupereka wa Stalin Prize.

Nikolai Erdman anamwalira mu 1970, naikidwa Moscow.

Erdman ndi NKVD

Mbiri ya kumangidwa woyamba Erdman kunayamba 1933. Ndiye mkulu wa filimu pamodzi ndi Nikolai Erdman ankakhala Gagra, kumene anthu anali kuwombera zithunzi "Jolly anyamata". Komabe, iwo anamwalira momvetsa chisoni chifukwa Erdman. Iye anagwidwa ndi NKVD. Akatswiri a ntchito yake amati chifukwa kumangidwa anali mawu a nthano za, satirical damning chifanizo cha Stalin, lolembedwa ndi Erdmann, ndi kuwerenga pa limodzi la zolembalemba madzulo Katchalov wosewera.

Kuwonjezera amangidwe Erdman anadikira kukhumudwa wina - wotsogolera G. Alexandrov anakakamizika kuchotsa dzina lake Kuyamikira kuti "Jolly anyamata".

Komabe, m'zaka anthu ankhanza ndi Erdmann anabwera mofewa zokwanira: wolemba hapless ku Siberia (mu Yeniseysk, ndiyeno - mu Tomsk). Kumasuka ku ukapolo anali kokha mu 1936. Komabe, wolemba masewero wina anali kukanakhala kumuphwanyira ufulu wa zaka zochepa kwambiri ndipo anali kukhala mu mzinda wapafupi wa Moscow, osati kukhala ndi moyo ku likulu la dziko, limene iye anabadwa.

Nikolai Erdman ndi Angelina Stepanova: nkhani ya chikondi

Bright tsamba mu moyo Wolemba wina anayamba chibwenzi ndi Ammayi Angelina Stepanova. Erdman ndi Stepanova anakumana ku Moscow mu 20s lapansi. Mabanja onse awiri (ngakhale Erdman ankakhala ku ukwati aboma ndi mmodzi wa ovina, koma Stepanova ukwati yovomerezeka ndi lemekezedwa). Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anayamba chibwenzi kamvuluvulu wa anthu awiri luso, amene anapitiriza moyo ndi makalata.

Angelina Stepanova sanathe kulimbana ndi moyo wachiphamaso ndipo anasiya mwamuna wake, koma Erdman mofulumira palibe kukhala osakwatira. Koma zochita zawo zinatha. Stepanova sanasinthe Erdmann ngakhale pamene bwenzi lake anamangidwa. Komanso iye, pokhala Ammayi wotchuka, anakhoza kupeza kwa osankhidwa kuchepetsa tsoka lake. Chikondi Ammayi kuti Edman kunali kwakukulu kuti chinam'chititsa kuti mobisa pitani wokonda ake mu kugwirizana.

Komabe, atamva kuti Erdmann ndi sinditi polekanitsa ndi mkazi wake lamulo wamba, Stepanov sakanakhoza kupulumuka nkhonya ichi ndi mataye yodulidwa ndi wokonda ake. Ndipo anaima makalata, umene unatha pafupi 7 zaka.

The zotsatira za chikondi sewero

Tsogolo Erdman ndi Stepanova linagawanika. Ammayi The anakwatira wolemba Alexander Fadeyev. okonda wakale anakumana zaka 22 kenaka. Pa msonkhano uno olimbikitsa Stepanova analemba mu zolemba zake monga mphindi wosaiwalika wa moyo wake. M'pamenenso sitinaonepo.

Stepanov anaphunzira za Erdman imfa, pokhala pa ulendo mu Kiev. Pamaliro ake, iye mwadala sanapite.

Mkazi amphamvu ndi wokongola anapulumuka wokonda kwa zaka 30. Kumapeto kwa moyo, kuthira moyo wake mu zolemba zake, iye kuwawa anakumbukira mbiri ya chikondi, wosafuna kuti iwo Erdman analephera kusunga maganizo anu. Stepanova mwamphamvu chisoni Erdman tsoka, osakhulupirira kuti iye adali ndi luntha lake lalikulu ndi chiyani sakwanitsa kutenga malo oyenera mabuku Russian.

Cooperation ndi zisudzo pa Taganka

Ntchito zambiri zinalembedwa kuti moyo wake Erdman Nikolay Robertovich, yonena za munthu uyu kuti akazindikire.

Mu theka lachiwiri la moyo yake yolenga wolemba musawerengere kokha katundu wa zaka zapitazi, koma khalidwe zowawa za "wosadalirika" Iye inandithandiza wabwino mnzake - wotsogolera zisudzo Yuri Lyubimov. Ndi Lyubimov Erdman anakumana panthawi ya nkhondo (Iwo ankagwira ntchito pamodzi kutsogolo Kantserna brigade).

Iwo Lyubimov, ndi luso ndi tcheru munthu ankatha kuona Nikolae Robertoviche untapped talente. Lyubimov, kukhala wotsogolera akulu waika ambiri Erdmann masewero pa siteji ya bwalo lamasewera. Ndi chifukwa cha Taganka Theatre Erdmann anatha kamodzinso kumva omvera anafuna Wolemba wina.

Zilandiridwenso Erdman: kinoraboty ana

otsutsa amakono amakhulupirira kuti Erdman Nikolay Robertovich konse kuti athe kuzindikira talente zawo zapadera. Ndipo iye analemba script kwambiri mafilimu, amene ndiye mamiliyoni amaonetsa ankayang'ana mwachidwi.

Erdman anali luso zonse, ngakhale pamene ndinayamba kugwira ntchito pa zolembedwa kuti nthano ( "Moto, madzi ndi mipope mkuwa", "Frost", "City a Ambuye" ndi zina zotero. D.). Atamangidwa ndi ukapolo wake Opanga filimuyi akhagopa kumuitanira ntchito script kuti filimu lalikulu, koma multiples ankachitira Erdman kuzilingalira kwambiri okhulupirika, choncho zinthu ngati wolemba script kwa zojambula oposa 30 Soviet. Ena mwa iwo ngati zojambula wotchuka ngati "mwamuna wamng'ono chinandikopa", "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Pinocchio", "Thumbelina", ndi zina zotero. D.

Ubwino chilengedwe Erdman

Ambiri anakumana mu moyo wake ndakatulo, wolemba, screenwriter ndi Wolemba wina Nikolai Erdman. Photos wa munthu zimenezi pa moyo wake, tiyeni tione mmene nkhope yake. Ngati zithunzi pa omvetsera unyamata pang'ono nditaona tione achinyamata wolemba amene akulota kuzindikira okha moyo, kenako tikuona nkhope wosasangalala wa munthu wotopa.

Ena a m'nthawi otchedwa Erdmann woluza. Ndipotu, ngakhale luntha lake, sanathe kumvetsa okha mabuku, anapulumuka m'ndende, ukapolo ndi kuletsa ntchito zake, ndipo mu moyo wake, ngakhale mabanja atatu, wolemba sizinachitike. Inde, izo zinali zonse mu moyo wa Nikolai Erdman, koma munthu anali kwambiri kuchita pa nthaka, dzina lake sayenera anaponyedwa ku anaiwalika.