Ndipo inu mukudziwa chimene tamga Khazar?

Kale, pamene boma mofulumira akutulukira, ndipo mwamsanga osaonekanso, pamene mafuko Akhafamba ndi kumenyera nkhondo dziko, ankakonda kukhala olamulira wamkulu ndi insignias awo kufanizira mtundu wawo. mayiko ena chozizwitsa ankatchedwa tamga.

Mwachitsanzo, lidakalipobe tamga Khazar. Kodi mtundu wa chizindikiro cha mabanja ambiri Hagan kutsimikizira zokumbidwa pansi chibwenzi ku zaka 7-10.

Chiyambi cha kuonekera kwa Khazar tamgas

Monga momwe mukhoza aweruzidwe, mbiri ya mtundu wa anthu unali zambiri chifukwa chakuti mayiko ena kuphunzira kuchokera kwa ena osati za sayansi ndi luso, komanso mphamvu. Zakhala, ku chi kumizidwa mu anaiwalika Sumerians masiku ano.

Zizindikiro za ulamuliro anali Sumeri, ndi Aigupto, ndipo Mesopotamiya, ndi amene anakhalako iwo olamulira otchuka. Mu njira iyi, mwinamwake, naively ndikukhulupirira kuti Khazar tamga kwenikweni anapanga dziko lino.

Chiyambi cha ziwiri prong wagawo

Dvuzubets ngati chizindikiro cha mphamvu akulimba akale mpatuko Greek Hade (Pluto). Mu mbadwo m'nthano, iye anali mwana wa Cronus ndi mbale wa Zeu, Poseidon ndi Dimetra. Pambuyo abale anagonjetsa Kronos ndi Titans, panali gulu la dziko limene Hade nawo pansi kwa akufa. Iye anaganiza mantha pa anthuwo kuti dzina lake konse analankhula mokweza, ndi onse chithunzi odziwika a Mulungu utoto makhalidwe ake mphamvu - ziwiri prong. prongs awiri anatanthauza duality a dziko, moyo ndi imfa.

Tamga Khazar ngati chizindikiro cha mphamvu anabwera poyamba ku Khazars, ndi anthu Turkic kwa kholo ndipo anayambitsa Togarma. Ufulu wa Khazars anakhala yekha 7 m'ma BC Mu umodzi Turk Hagan akulemekezedwa mpatuko chinjoka mphanga ndi mitu iwiri. Kenako, anayamba yosonyeza ziwiri prong unit. M'tsogolo, mafuko ena ayamba iye, ndipo tamga izi Khazar Khanate a kubadwa ambiri mfulu. Kuti tamga mwana wosiyana baji atate wake, nyumba banja anawonjezera mitundu yonse ya Bwino ndi mizere.

Part wa mafuko Turkic akuonetsedwa chinjoka ndi mitu nkhandwe atatu, amene patapita zaka zambiri lidzasinthidwa chizindikiro mano atatu. Monga mikondo ya mano atatu Khazarian Tamgha anafotokoza wolamulira mbiya nthambi imodzi Khazarian fuko. Mu akulowetsani mmalo ake onse kuti High chizindikiro inachokera fano ndi prongs atatu, kumene Chinawonjezeka zinthu zosiyanasiyana zojambula kapena mfundo. Choncho Amlowam'malo mbiya kudziŵitsa kwa mtundu uwu.

Magwero a mikondo ya mano atatu ndi

Ndipotu mafuko Turkic ndiribe anatulukira chilichonse chatsopano. The Sumerians wakale "anaperekedwa" mikondo ya mano atatu milungu iwiri - wamkazi wamkulu Inanna, amene analamulira dziko la lodziwika bwino Aratta, ndi Ishkur kuyang'anira madzi anali kumwamba, mabingu ndi mphezi.

Pambuyo chizindikiro ichi wa Sumerians ntchito oimira Minoan chitukuko komanso okhala India wakale.

Iwo nacho chizindikiro ichi wachita kale kugwirizana ndi mchitidwe madzi, mpaka "anaperekedwa" mulungu Agni moto wake. Patapita zaka zambiri, chithunzicho anayamba kugwirizana ndi dzina la Buddha, ndipo kusonyeza wake Miyala Yamtengo Wapatali atatu.

chitukuko izi mwina mbisoweka (Chisumeriya), kapena lidzasinthidwa zipembedzo zazikulu (Chibuda), koma mikondo ya mano atatu "akatengela" ndi Agiriki akale ndi Aroma wakale, ndipo patapita zaka anapatsidwa anthu Turkic.

Tamga Khazar anakhala m'malo mwa anthu awa Turkic, koma chizindikiro cha Khazars mu mawonekedwe a mano atatu a mfulu banja limodzi lokha - Dulo. Komanso, chizindikiro cha anthu ndi mano atatu ntchito Bordjigin mtundu, kumene iye anali chizindikiro munthu wa Genghis Khan, anasamukira ku m'malo mwake - mwana wake Jochi. Mu nthawi ya Batu chizindikiro zinapangidwa ndalama.

Popeza cholowa wadutsa bambo ndi mwana wamkulu, ziwalo zina za banja Khazar tamga - chovala zida za thupi mtundu, nthaŵi zonse kuti kusinthidwa. Aliyense wamwamuna banja nthumwi ankayenera kuti abwere ndi zizindikiro zawo, kutenga monga maziko chizindikiro cha tate wa.

Mbiri ya ufumu Khazar

Pamene boma osiyana Khazars zinatha kokha zaka zochepa - kuchokera 7 m'ma 10 AD Poyamba, iye anali membala wa pa Turkic Khanate, koma pambuyo anagwa, anakhala osiyana Hagan. Mwa anthu amene mwalowa latsopano mgwirizano mafuko, anali Huns, ugortsy, Savin ndi Iranians.

M'zaka za m'ma 7, nzika zonse za mfumu ya mgwirizano wa mafuko linadzatchedwa Khazars, kaya anachokera. zizukulu Anali mbali ya Khanate pa maziko yaufulu, anali kulipira msonkho ophiphiritsa a chitetezo a m'malire awo. Khazarian Tamgha (chithunzi Chitsanzo anapereka m'munsimu) anasonyeza chonyamulira chowonjezera kuti fuko chigamulo mtundu.

Mdani yoopsa kwambiri ya Khazars panthawiyo anali ndi Arab Caliphate, skirmishes zonse ndi amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana wa kupambana amene chinawonjezeka ndi gawo la ufumu, yafupika. Pambuyo kusainira mu 737, pangano mtendere pakati pa Khazars ndi Caliphate anapereka aone wa dziko, chipembedzo cha Chisilamu anakhala Khanate.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 8 panali kusintha pang'onopang'ono kuchokera Islam ku Chiyuda, kenako patapita zaka, iye ananena za chipembedzo cha boma. kusintha chikhulupiriro amapezeka kangapo, monga m'zaka 10 ndi Khazars anatengera Islam kamodzinso pa mapeto a mgwirizano nkhondo ndi Khorezm. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana 10 ku ufumu Khazar anakhalabe mafuko anamwazikana zinthu wolakwa Prince Vladimir, amene anapanga kukopa anthu mu 985 nayikapo msonkho Khanate.

Kievan Lazaro

Malinga womulera pa nthawi ya malamulo chikhalidwe ndi mitundu ya mayiko ambiri, anthu amene ankakhala m'dziko la Kaganate. Kotero izo zinali zaka zambiri. Sikuti anathawa Kievan Lazaro, koma popeza cha m'ma 9 anali ogwirizana mafuko anthuwo, ndipo Russia anakhala boma. Ine ndinachita ichi kalonga Oleg, yemwe 882 masamba Novgorod ndi kupha Askold ndi Dir, Kiev olamulira. Yanjanani mafuko, adawafotokozera dziko Russian, ndi Kiev mphamvu anachita likulu.

Askold ndi Dir anali abwanamkubwa pa Rurik, amene amatchedwa pa ukulu woyamba mu Ladoga, ndiyeno Novgorod. Kuyambira Rurik, Kalonga wa Jutland, panali mafumu atsopano a akalonga. Prince Oleg m'malo mwake anayamba kulamulira Kiev pambuyo adani ake.

Ngakhale Kiev ndi anakhazikitsidwa mu m'ma 5, komanso malo ozungulira ndi anthu amene ankakhala uko ankatchedwa Russ logwirizana ndi amphamvu boma la Kievan Lazaro anakhala m'nthawi ya 10. Potsatira mwambo wa olamulira onse, Rurik ndinali chizindikiro banja, amene anali maziko a dzina lake.

lowani Rurik

Poyamba, mikono ya Rurik anali chithunzi cha kabawi a. Chithunzi ndi zouluka ku chisa, ndiye ataima pa mapiko.

Pa ndalama pachibwenzi 939 chaka pa mutu wa kabawi ndi mtanda ndi madontho atatu, kufanizira Utatu Woyera. Zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa Rurik anabatizidwa, akukhalabe mu Jutland.

Rauric Jutland, ndi Duke ku ukapolo, anadzatchedwa Rurik. Anavala malaya ake a nkhondo, kapena, ngati iwo ankatchedwa zizindikiro zimenezi, tamga, fano la kabawi yachangu - roraha monga dzina mbalame inali consonant ndi dzina lake. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti ladozhtsam anapatsidwa odula manja a Chidanishi Duke, limene umboni malo ambiri ofukula zinthu zakale.

chizindikiro ichi chakhala wamba osati malo kumene Rurik akulamulira, komanso m'mizinda ina. Choncho, mu zone ya nsonga, mkuwa pulasitala, kabawi amasonyezedwa ndi mchira wa awiri kukalowa V, ndi pa phiko bwino ndi lamba mtanda kuoneka bwino. nsonga ichi chinapezeka mwa chitunda m'manda pafupi Chernigov ndi kunayamba 9 mochedwa - m'ma 10.

Mawonekedwe chifaniziro cha mapiko ndi mutu wa kabawi anali zinachitika ndi maziko tamgas Vladimira Velikogo. Popeza kuti iye anali wapathengo, malaya ake amayenera kukhala wosiyana ndi zizindikiro zina za akalonga, amene analandira ndi kukalowa U ndi awiri-prong.

Chizindikiro cha Vladimir Yofiira Sun

Popeza Rurik zonse ankalimbana ndi ufumu Khazar, tamga Khazar mwapadera mtundu wa zilembo Chidanishi Duke. Choncho, mu "Ikani" akalonga onse a Rurik otchedwa hawks ndi zochitika ntchito akukamba makampeni sokolichey kuti Polovtsy, amene mu bukhu lake lotchedwa wotchedwa Galicia :. "Ayi chiwombankhanga mkuntho zalembedwa kupyola mmunda lonse, wotchedwa Galicia Herd kuthamanga kwa Great Don"

Pali nkhambakamwa kuti kabawi totem unali mtundu waukulu, amene anali Rurik, amene wachibale wake wapafupi anali Chidanishi kalonga Amleth.

Kusinthidwa wa kabawi ku dvuzubets kenako mikondo ya mano atatu zinachitika pang'onopang'ono, mpaka chizindikiro cha Vladimir wakhala si makhalidwe omwe lero ali malaya a manja a Ukraine.

Khazar tamga, ozikidwa poyamba ankapita kapena atatu mutu chinjoka ndi mitu nkhandwe, panalibe ubale ndi malaya a manja a akalonga a Kiev alibe. Tamga otchedwa zizindikiro zonse angaperekedwe kwa nthawi.

anapezazo ambiri pofukula zotsimikizira zimenezi.

Ukraine Odula a Zida

Pamaso Vladimira Velikogo Zizindikiro za akalonga Kievan awiri-prong, kufanizira kabawi nkukwera kumwamba. Pamwamba pa mutu wake akuonetsedwa mtanda. Pambuyo Vladimir anakhala wolamulira wa Kiev, iye anasintha dvuzubets Rurik pa mikondo ya mano atatu kukhala mozemba Mwana. cizindikilo zikutanthauza kabawi, kunyamuka zisa zawo.

Masiku odula manja a Ukraine kwa nthawi yoyamba ngati chizindikiro cha dziko mu 1917 pa boma matikiti ngongole.

kutanthauza mikondo ya mano atatu

Kale chizindikiro mikondo ya mano atatu anatanthauza mphamvu pa mobisa, overground ndi maiko padziko lapansi. Mu zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, izo akapatsidwa mphamvu osiyana. Agiriki akale Poseidon ndi zinapangitsa namondwe ndi Akhristu chizindikiro cha Utatu.

Pankhaniyi, kanthu chinalepheretsa mikondo ya mano atatu kukhala chida cha onse nkhondo ndi mtendere. Naye ankamenyanawo pa bwalo, ndi asodzi anali asodzi. Today mikondo ya mano atatu - izo zangokhala chizindikiro wakale.