Ndi m'dera la Iceland chiyani? Area Iceland zikwi sq. Km

Mbiri ya lililonse m'dziko, ndi chidwi ndi zovuta. Area Iceland unakhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale mfundo kuti mtundu chilumba. Mfundo za malo a dziko lino ndi ndalama yaikulu. kuchita ndalama Ufumu wa Roma pa chilumba chiyani? Iwo kumatanthauza mapangidwe boma Scandinavia? m'dera Kodi chimakwirira Iceland? Pa izi ndi zina zambiri - kwambiri.

mapangidwe dziko

M'dera Chilumba cha Iceland lero 103 zikwi 125 makilomita lalikulu. Nanga kodi chinachitika ku dziko zaka zambiri zapitazo? Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa Iceland mungapeze mudziwe, chibwenzi IX m'ma AD. Koma mu Mbiri yamakono ya boma ndi chochitika, amene amakana chiphunzitso zofunika mapangidwe ake. chakuti chilumba apezeka ndalama Roma, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito mu BC III atumwi. e.

chochitika singalifotokoze chakuti pambuyo pa chisumbu cha ndalama anabweretsa Scandinavia, koma tsopano silidziŵika. Mwina kudera la Iceland anali anafufuza zisanafike zaka IX. Zimenezi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mawu a wofufuza Greek amene BC IV atumwi. e. Iye anafotokoza m'gawo ofanana.

milungu Thandizo

Pali chiphunzitso zomwe zikusonyeza kuti Chimonko Irish anapeza chilumba cha Iceland. M'dera la gawo anafunika kupemphera kwa milungu yawo. Choyamba anapeza pa Faroe Islands, amene anali akadali anathawira ndi lopanda anthu, ndipo kenako, mwina anafika ndi "Ice Land".

Pali nkhambakamwa kuti dzina analitcha kuti Thule linali dzina loyamba dziko pano. Panali Chimonko pa mapeto a VIII atumwi, pamene Islands Faroe anali anthu achibale awo, apo anayamba zimaswana nkhosa ndipo anayamba achangu.

mfundo

Amadziwika kuti Iceland chilumba m'dera kufufuza kale m'zaka za m'ma IX. Ku Norway anafika kuno Naddodd ena Scandinavia. Iwo ankaganiza kuti kudzakhala ndi mphamvu yakumangirira ndi moyo, koma kukwera phiri, sanapezepo chilichonse abwino. Pamene iwo atachoka pa chilumbacho, kunagwa chipale chofewa ndipo anapereka tsogolo la dziko Naddodd woomba dzina "Snow Land".

Mlendo wotsatira unali Gardar Svavarsson. Iye anaganiza kuti tipeze zomwe dera pafupi ndi cisumbu ca Iceland, ndi zambiri kufufuza m'deralo. Anasambira kwa nthawi yaitali gombe, koma m'nyengo yozizira zinali zovuta timu kupulumuka, ndipo anaganiza kuti asiye mu Gulf kumpoto. Ndiye iwo anapanga kuthetsa laling'ono, limene lero amatchedwa Husavik ( "Gulf nyumba").

Kenako Viking kudzagonjetsa, nkhosa Vilgerdarsson anaganiza bwino kuthana ndi chakuti dziko amenewa, Iceland. M'dera la m'deralo, iye anazilambalala mzinda pofunafuna Gardar. Pa njira, iye ndi anyamata ake anapeza fjord ndipo anaganiza kukhazikitsa kuno. Poganizira zimene zinachitika zatenganso nthabwala nkhanza ndi amuna ake, ng'ombe lonse yozizira anafa chifukwa chosowa chakudya. Zimawuluka masika anayendera fjord, koma kupeza kuti akadali okutidwa ndi ayezi, izo anapatsa chilumbachi dzina la Iceland ( "Dziko la Ice").

Kale kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma IX ndi kulamulira kwa chilumbachi. Anthu anakonza dongosolo lawo boma, ndipo mu 1000 anapanga chikhulupiriro. Chikhristu chinayamba chipembedzo iwo. Icelanders anaphunzira kwambiri, kotero iwo kosatha m'mbiri ya zosemasema.

kudalira

Izo zimachitika kuti mpaka 1918 dziko la kumenyera ufulu wodzilamulira, ndi Iceland malo mamita lalikulu. Km monga boma sangakwatiwe zotsimikizika. Poyambirira ndinali ndi kugawana ndi Norway, kuti amenyane Denmark.

Malinga ndi ngozi mbiri, pamene Denmark ndi Norway mgwirizano anali tinalepheretsa kumadela onse ceded kuti Sweden. Koma za Iceland "aiwala" nakhalabe muulamuliro Chidanishi. Long nthawi okhala Simunakondweretsedwe Mayiko ayezi anamanganso malo ake pansi pa ulamuliro wa mphamvu zina. Iwo methodically anapanga akuluakulu zofunika, maphunziro awo ndi dongosolo chuma.

kumasulidwa

State wapangana mgwirizano ndi Denmark ndipo anakhala palokha 1 December 1918. The First World nkhondo sanali bwanji chilumba, koma anabweretsa pano mliri fuluwenza. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Iceland anayesa kukhalabe ndale, koma British ananyema, analowa mu Reykjavik gombe. Mu 1944, chilumba anakhala boma kwathunthu palokha, Ufumu wa kupatsana udindo mu Republic.

Chidule

Kotero, ife tikudziwa kale zimene m'dera Iceland pachilumbachi. Dera la boma anatenga 103 zikwi sq. Km. dziko ili kumadzulo, kumpoto kwa Ulaya ndi kumpoto, nyanja ya Atlantic. Dziwani kuti kuwonjezera pa chisumbu chachikulu ndi kuzungulira dziko pang'ono wachokera ku boma.

Ngati mulibe kuganizira kuti oundana kuphimba makilomita lalikulu kuposa 11,000, kudera la Iceland pabwalopo. Km adzakhala 92 chikwi. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, dera lonse la yekha kotala ya lokhalamo. M'chigawo chapakati kwa chilumbachi ndi mapiri, minda ndi oundana.

Amene kugawanitsa m'dera?

M'dera la Iceland lagawidwa Sisley ndi m'maboma a m'tawuni. Sisley, amapatsidwa wapangidwa ndi midzi ndi mizinda yambiri. Imodzi mwa ma distilikiti mzinda Reykjavik. Malowa ali pamtunda m'chigawo choyamba ndi dzina lachilendo Capital Region. A okwana zigawo 8 chilumbacho ndipo motero, 8 utsogoleri malo.

likulu

Amadziwika kuti onse Iceland chilumba m'dera (sq. Km) akuphatikizapo osati kokha chilumba, koma chilumba. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi likulu la boma - Reykjavik. Pamafunika 275 okha km² chilumba seltjarnarnes. Apa moyo kuposa theka la dziko - anthu 202 sauzande. Otsala 119.000 moyo mizinda ina yaikulu: Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður, Akureyri, Husavik ndi ena.

Alendo pachilumbacho ndi zovuta kugona m'chilimwe, monga pali pafupifupi palibe usiku. Dzuwa akupita uko usiku ndipo anayamba kukwera mwamsanga 2-3 maola usiku. Koma m'nyengo yozizira mukuona "kuwala woyera" ndi maola 4 kokha patsiku.

zodabwitsa Hrs

Kuyang'ana ena Iceland malo, inu mukudziwa kuti chilumba amalamulira anthu ambiri zinsinsi madera. Akukhulupirira kuti dziko ndi ayezi - mnyamata dziko, amene anaonekera chifukwa phiri, kalikiliki zaka 60 miliyoni.

Amene sanamvepo za dziko ndi sankafuna ake, kudabwa kuti chilumba chili pafupifupi 30 mapiri. Ndipo popeza onse Iceland njuchi anthu, 20 kale linaphwanya maganizo a anthu. Ndipotu ina chidwi ndi pakati pa mitundu ya mapiri, pafupifupi onse pa chilumba. Pamene mu 1780s mochedwa panali kuphulika kwa phiri Laki, Iceland chiphalaphala yokutidwa yaikulu m'dera - oposa 570 makilomita lalikulu.

Wina wosakhazikika moto kupuma chimphona linaphulika pofika m'zaka za m'ma 20, kawiri. Chimodzi mwa mapiri undersea ku Iceland mu 1963 analenga chilumba - Syurtoye. Ndipo kwa mnzake anali kupulumutsa anthu a m'tauni yaing'ono kumayambiriro 1970.

kwambiri yogwira

Ndani kwambiri yogwira kuphulika Eyjafjallajökull. ntchito yake inayamba mu 2010, March usiku. Ndiye, ambiri ankadziwa za zam'tsogolo, monga anati kumapeto kwa 2009 ntchito zivomerezi. Patatsala mwezi umodzi kuphulika zamanga kudziwa kayendedwe ka matanthwe a pansi padziko. Kumayambiriro March akhoza analanda inagwedezeka zoposa zikwi zitatu pa tsiku.

Oundana anayamba kusungunuka mwachangu, choncho tinafunika kusamuka kwa anthu a m'midzi yapafupi. ndege analinso kutsekedwa kwa nthaŵi ya zotupa za. Chadzulo kutsegula chamoto anayamba inagwedezeka zoopsa mobisa akuyandikira pamwamba. Kuphulika anayamba pa March 20 madzulo. Ndiye, gawo mu umodzi wa glacier okhetsedwa. Poyamba, mtambo ananyamuka ndi kilometre mu msinkhu, koma yambiri phulusa anati.

Patatha masiku angapo, madzi amalowa Chigwa, amene zachititsa kuti kuphulika ndi kukula nthunzi kuphulika ntchito. Patsiku lomaliza la mwezi panali yopuma wina, ndi pamaso pa April 5 kuphulika zikutulutsa chiphalaphala pa anthu mng'alu kutalika 0,3 ndi 0.5 Km.

Kale m'katikati mwa April, kachiwiri ife tinali kusamuka anthu, kuyambira kuphulika chachiwiri anayamba. Ndiye phulusa adamuukitsa mu mlengalenga makilomita 8, ndi mng'alu anali kale makilomita 2 m'litali. Patapita masiku angapo pa ndime ya phulusa anaimirira patsogolo 5 Km kumtunda, zomwe zinamupangitsa iye anagunda stratosphere.

Europe, nayenso, anali kapolo wa ntchito imeneyi ndi moto kupuma chiphona. M'mayiko April 15 kuti anathetsa oposa 5 zikwi ndege. Denmark ndi UK adatsinzina ndege zawo. Kuwonjezera zomvetsa zachuma, amuna ambiri a boma akhala kupeza kuti Poland kumaliro a pulezidenti.

Ice monga ntchito khadi

Iceland adzakhala "ayezi dziko", ngati si kukopa zikuluzikulu - kuwundana. Area Iceland zikwi. Km2 anapereka 11% ya dongosolo zachilengedwe. Komanso, kuwundana kwambiri bwanji nyengo, nyama ndi zomera wa chisumbucho, ndipo, ndithudi, pa malo ake.

Zoposa 11 zikwi makilomita lalikulu la lonse la Iceland anatenga zikuluzikulu "Cold Mountain." Pafupifupi aliyense wa iwo anabisa pansi chamoto, potero akanatha kusokoneza anthu onse. Mfundo zimene zimachitika mkati njira geothermal zimene zimachititsa kuti madzi osefukira. Ngati phiri akuyamba mwachangu maganizo awo, pali kuthekera kuphulika pansi-ayezi madzi, imbaenda ku kuphulika yaitali.

Ambiri mwa kuwundana ndi ili mkati chilumba. Yaikulu ya iwo ali ndi malo oposa 8 sq M.. Km. Monga m'dera limeneli ndi chimbuzi cha chilumba -. 2109 mamita oundana zina zonse ndi laling'ono kwambiri.

mipata madzi

Kuwonjezera ayezi, pachilumbachi pali madzi m'chigawo madzi. Pali mitsinje ambiri amene anapanga chifukwa mvula kawirikawiri. Ngakhale kuti ali okwanira, iwo ntchito ngati njira zoyendera. Ichi ndi chifukwa kusintha kawirikawiri mu dongosolo tectonic kukhala ndi kusintha otaya ndi kupezeka otaya.

Palinso wokongola lalikulu nyanja. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo Þingvallavatn ndi Þórisvatn. Woyamba ali ndi malo makilomita lalikulu 84 ndi mfundo zakuya mamita 114. Chifukwa chakuti ndi thupi la chibadwidwe wa madzi, nyanja asunga National Park. Koma Þórisvatn - mgodi wa Iceland. Malo ndi 88 makilomita lalikulu. nyanja analengedwa ndi damu ndi kuti kupanga magetsi. Mwa njira, n'zochititsa chidwi kuti, mosiyana ndi zilumba zina Madamu Þórisvatn ali ndi yowala mtundu wobiriwira.

zomera

Ndi zomera dziko zoipa kwambiri. Ife tikudziwa chimene m'dera la Iceland, tikudziwa chiwerengero cha oundana pa chilumba. A gawo lonse la yekha kotala wa chisumbucho ali ndi greenery. Zonse izi zalumikizana ndi nthaka. Ndi mchere ndi chifukwa oundana ndi loess mtundu. Koma mbiri zikusonyeza kuti zaka zoposa 1,000 zapitazo m'dera la chilumba chidafundidwa ndi-magawo awiri a zomera.

Kwenikweni amadyera yekha Moss ndi udzu kukula pano. Ngakhale zomera zake kuti anali kale wotanganidwa ndi 1% ya gawo, tsopano pafupifupi mbisoweka. Nthawi zina mutha kuona birch yokhota kumapeto chifukwa mphepo kumpoto. M'mizinda, ndi tsopano mitengo kwambiri, makamaka conifers, ndi chongopeka skewer anthu.

Monga mukudziwa kale, Iceland dera 103 zikwi sq M.. Km. Tangoganizani za iwo ambiri momwe 10% - ndi minda chiphalaphala. 60% ali miyala placer, amene yekha amalola kukula Moss ndi lichens. Choncho, chifukwa nkhalango birch ndi meadows udzu amaika pafupifupi palibe.

Nyama kudya?

Chirichonse chiri inakula. Flora popanda zinyama ndi zomera sangaonekerenso popanda zomera ndi. Chifukwa zomera ochepa akuvutika ndi mitundu zikuchokera dziko nyama. Ngakhale 1000 zapitazo, adakomana nkhandweyo yekha. Chaku 19 TH m'ma pano mokakamiza atabwerera mphalapala. Komanso anthu abwino mosintha anabweretsa mbewa chilumba-mtundu, makoswe, mbewa ndi mink.

Ndi mbalame zinawayendera bwino. Iwo ali pano pafupifupi 80 mitundu. Mwa iwo amadziwa kuti ife swans, abakha ndi atsekwe. Mwa njira, mlendo zambiri kuti nyanjayi ndi mumapezeka nsomba mu mtsinje koma amatha kugwira nsomba. Ngati tipita ku dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mungathe kupeza angapo zisindikizo ndi mitundu chinsomba. Koma m'madera kudya anthu mitundu za 66 a nsomba, zomwe zina mwa mayiko zofunika katundu: nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere, nyanja yoimba, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu ndi shrimp.

nsomba zambiri

Area Iceland ndi mabacteria ake m'mphepete mwa nyanja malinga ndi waukulu mankhwala katundu. Kumene, nsomba ndi processing, osati anapereka ndalama zina kwa anthu, koma anapanga chilumba chimodzi cha Waogula Zinthu Kunja lalikulu. Zikomo kukawedza 12% ya anthu Iceland a amagwira ntchito mu ntchito imeneyi. Ndipo mankhwala ndi 70% ya mankhwala zimagulitsidwa.

Popular nsomba January kwa May ndi m'nyanja zikuluzikulu hering'i analanda Championship kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti North Atlantic akudwala kuchepa kwa mtundu wa nsomba, panali kufunika kwa capelin ndi saithe.

Reykjavik wakhala malo okhazikika processing m'nyanja zikuluzikulu. Koma hering'i chinkhoswe Siglyufordyur. Apa izo n'kupanga mafuta nsomba ndi chakudya. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, Iceland anali ndi mavuto ndi kugwira anamgumi ndi anavomera moratorium lapansi. Koma kenako boma analola zolimbitsa whaling.

Kodi kugula ndi kugulitsa?

Kukhala wolimba, aliyense dziko ayenera Tumizani katundu lomwe lili wochuluka. Choncho, 70% ya wolowa monga tanenera kale, ndi nsomba. Onse a anthu ndi - ndi mankhwala a ulimi ndi ena mchere. Waukulu "makasitomala" a boma akhoza amatengedwa kuti ndi Germany ndi England. Akunenanso kuti Iceland Netherlands, USA, Spain ndi ena.

Koma ngati mankhwala kunja pa chilumba anabweretsa zipangizo ndi mankhwala, mankhwala ena chakudya, nthawi zambiri masamba ndi zipatso, komanso nsalu. Ku mbali iyi, "achisanu dziko" wakhala kugwilizana ndi United States ndi Germany.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Ngakhale, zomwe dera Iceland, dziko akhala akugwiritsa. Reykjavik - likulu kwambiri kumpoto mu dziko. Lokha Iceland - izo ndi chilumba waukulu wobadwa zikomo kwa mapiri a.

M'dziko pali akatswiri ochepa Mwachitsanzo, Hekla (chamoto) ndi Vatnaokul (glacier) - uyu ndi lalikulu malo achilengedwe mu Europe. Izi iwonso monga Chiayisilandiki mathithi ndi kutalika mamita 40 ndipo m'lifupi mamita 100, ndi pakati pa European "cascades madzi" amphamvu kwambiri.

Chidwi nkhani, ndi maina a Icelanders. Iwo ndiwo anthu akumunda wa chisumbucho satero. Pobadwa, mwana kupatsidwa dzina ndipo dzinali anawonjezera Chuck kapena matronym. Ngati dzina la atate ndi Zodetsa Nkhaŵa, mwana wa dzina lake lidzakhala Grimsson (mwana wa Zodetsa Nkhaŵa), ngati momwe zinalili ndi mutsogoleli wa Iceland Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson. Ngati mtsikana anabadwa, dzina lake kuti awombe Grimdottir (mwana Grima).

Koma m'dziko pali ena amene talandira dzina lawo ndiye 10%. Kawirikawiri, amene anasamuka ku boma lina. Popeza malamulo, dzina lawo amapita ku makolo ndi ana. Pakati pa anthu awa mukhoza kukumana ndi Icelanders, amene anapatsidwa dzina pa malo malamulo.

M'zaka zapitazi, Iceland wakhala mbali ya European Area Economic. Koma mu 2015, iye anakana kulowa Union European.

M'dera la Iceland mu Europe okha amatenga 17 TH malo. Zimenezi kakasi America, pambuyo Yuro 2016, Iceland anatha pochitika quarterfinals, ndipo ngakhale nkhani akuwononga eni ake a Championship mu France, wonyada kuteteza ulemu kwa dziko yace ang'ono ndi ang'ono.

Alendo pa cholembedwa

Area Iceland ndi malo ake zinachititsa kuti Kusakhazikika nyengo ndi malamulo omveka bwino mu dziko.

Ngati mwaganiza pa ulendowo kufufuza m'deralo, kukonzekera zimene kuthana ndi nyengo zimasintha. Ndi chisanu siinafike pansi mu May, pamene December sangachitepo m'firiji pamtunda. Ngati anthu a dziko kuti mulimbane ndi abutment, ndi alendo izo zikhoza kutembenukira mavuto. Choncho, Iceland muyenera kukonzekera bwinobwino.

Ngati mulibe nthawi kukonza usiku wanu, dziko ali mwapadera hema malo kumene chihema ndi loto lake mudzazilipira $ 2-3 pa usiku. Ngati mwasankha malo oletsedwa kapena kusankha kufunda mothandizidwa ndi moto, konzekerani ndalama katundu.

Mukatero mukhoza mavuto ndi zinyalala. Mtima wa malo zimadalira dziko. Si onse States kuti mosamalitsa kuyan'ana ukhondo za makwalala, kotero anthu akubwera kuchokera m'mayiko amenewa nthawi zambiri kuiwala kuti iwo ndi chipani. Iceland amamvetsera kwambiri osati okhawo amene zinyalala m'misewu, komanso anthu amene amadula mitengo ndi kuswa nthambi. Amagwiritsidwanso amaletsedwa nsomba, ngati boma sapereka inu chilolezo kutero.

Road ulendo komanso m'mavuto ngati mwaganiza zimitsani msewu ku dera lina, chomwenso ndi oletsedwa pa chilumba.

M'mayiko CIS ambiri alibe flights mwachindunji kuti Reykjavik. Choncho, nthawi zambiri, muyenera kupeza kaye ku likulu la Denmark, Sweden, Norway kapena Finland, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko popita ku Iceland idzakhala yophweka. The tikiti mtengo siyana malingana ndi ndalama posinthana, koma pafupifupi $ 1,000 pa ulendo wozungulira.