Volcano Hekla - ulemerero wa moto kupuma

Osati aliyense akudziwa kumene phiri Hekla pa mapu. Aliyense pa milomo ya mnzake ndi dzina unpronounceable, umene 2010 anakankha okwera a ndege kukumbukira mawu oipa Iceland ndi ntchito zake magmatic. Koma Hekla zambiri zoopsa ndipo sioneka wautsi mlongo wake. Kuyambira awatulutsira ake si kawirikawiri amaswa ndime ya phulusa, okhoza mphambu injini ndege, ndi kasupe kwambiri zachilengedwe a moto, chiphalaphala ndi mabomba chiphala. Hekla ndi capricious, sizimadziwika, wobisa. Icelanders kudzoza mapiri awo mayina wamkazi yekha. Mwina mukudziwa ndi mphamvu ya theka chilungamo cha anthu, pamene pali ponse adzapita chinachake kuchokera bwino - kugonana ofooka iwo mu mphindi izi siziri chimodzimodzi adzawaitane. Ndi Hekla ndi Katla m'bale wake pachilumba cha nthano. Tiyeni Dziŵani chinjoka chimenechi moto kupuma.

Mungapeze Gahena

Ngati inu anafunsa akale Cistercian mmonke za malo phiri Hekla, sanazengereze kuyankha pakhomo la kumidima. Miyoyo ya ochimwa, kusiya thupi, ndiye mothamanga pakamwa mu moto wosatha kumene kukukuta mano. A mmonke Benedict, akuimba mu vesi moyo wa St. Brendan, wotchedwa Hekla ndende Yuda. A Icelanders yosavuta kwa zaka za m'ma XIX anali kuonetsetsa kuti pamwamba chamoto ichi pa Isitala mfiti amapita kuvina. Chifukwa Hekla anachititsa anthu am'deralo ngati mantha, mantha ndi kuzizwa pa nthawi yomweyo? Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu wotanganidwa chilumba, kukongola izi osamva limasonyeza kuchokera mkwiyo zachiwawa nthawi zoposa makumi awiri. Ndi njira ya "chipwirikiti" n'zovuta kulosera. Dzina "Hecla" likuchokera ku dzina la yochepa chofunda ndi nyumba ya. Pamwamba pa phiri pali nthawi mtambo, chapatali akufanana ndi nyumba.

Kodi asayansi amati?

Ndondomeko Hrs ya phiri Hekla - 63,98 ° kumpoto kumpoto ndi 19,70 ° kum'mawa longitude. Iwo lili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Iceland, za makilomita zana kuchokera likulu Reykjavik. Ndi mtundu stratovolcano Hekla alimo. Inakhalapo pa ming'alu liniya. Chifukwa cha pafupipafupi kuphulika kutalika kwa phiri zikusintha. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1948 izo anakwana 1 502 Podutsira m, koma kenako Chigwa anakomoka. Tsopano kukula Hekla ndi 1488 m. Ndi mbali ya lokwera anawonjezera anakomoka andesitic ndi basaltic lavas. Chiphala mng'alu kutalika ukufika makilomita asanu. Koma pa zaka Hekla mawu Geological pafupifupi infantile - zaka 6600 basi.

zotupa zazikulu

Komabe, m'nthawi yochepa mbiri ngati ya phiri Hekla ku Iceland iye anali zoipa mobwerezabwereza. Dendrochronology (phunziro kusintha kwa nyengo pa zomera malasha) kuti adziwe kuti zaka zikwi zinayi komanso 2800 zapitazo kunali lalikulu kuphulika kwa chiphalaphala izi. Ndime ya utsi kuchepetsa kutentha mpweya kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi kwazaka zingapo, ndipo kuda kwa phulusa la chiphala chamoto, asayansi atulukira mu peat bogs la Ireland ndi Scotland, komanso ku Ulaya. The woyamba wolembedwa m'mabuku olembedwa kuphulika kunachitika mu 1104. Pamene otsetsereka a m'mapiri munali nkhalango, koma tsopano iwo ali amaliseche kwathunthu. Boma Iceland ameneyu akufuna kuti achite ntchito ukuyenda mtengo pa munda lokwera.

Kodi Phiri Hekla kuphulika kwa nthawi kukhadzikika?

Asayansi aphunzira chitsanzo: yaitali nthawi pakati kuphulika, ndi kusweka izi khunyu chiwawa. Koma mwamwayi, lero phiri "chudit" ali zonse kamodzi khumi. Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, izo kunayambika 1947-48, 1970, 1980, 1981, 1991 ndi 2000. Recent zochitika oopsa kwambiri amene zinachititsa ovulala anthu zinachitika mu 1766 ndipo 1947-1948. Koma mu zaka za, phiri Hekla sanabadwe unaonekera. Ndipo ndi zoopsazi. Popeza chikhalidwe capricious cha kukongola kwenikweni sizimadziwika. Seismologists kuti, mosiyana ndi mapiri ena, Hekla mu kakafupi nthawi pakati pa isanayambike kuphulika ndi chiphalaphala umuna. Choncho, kutaya kupulumutsa pang'ono ndithu nthawi atuluke anthu.

Poyembekezera kuphulika kwa

Podziwa kuti phiri Hekla otsiriza kunayambika mochedwa February 2000, ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri, ntchito zivomerezi dzikoli pa zaka khumi, asayansi kuyembekezera kuphulika watsopano tsiku ndi tsiku. Zosavuta kuganizira zimene zidzakhala. Nthawi zina kuphulika kunachitika masiku angapo, ndipo mu 1947 Hekla brawled pa chaka. Kuteteza anthu ku mavuto amene chivomezi ndi latsopano amasulidwe phulusa chiphalaphala, geophysics yaikidwa pa akuya makilomita khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera pamwamba masensa, amene kufalitsa nkhani zonse zokhudza chikhalidwe cha chiphalaphala mkati fissures mapiri zimaphala. Pakadali pano, gulu lililonse m'chikondi cha Hekla sakunena. M'madera ena padziko phiri otentha, koma pa chisumbu cha Iceland izo inadzera aliyense. Chigwa anachitika kuyenda maulendo, ndipo ulamuliro akunena kuti iwo ali otetezedwa kwambiri moyo wa malo.