Ndi mbali structural wa ndere zimene: thunthu ndi moyo njira

Mu chikhalidwe, pali magulu ena chodabwitsa cha zamoyo kuti simuli aliyense wa kudziwika maufumu a chilengedwe. Ndipo onse chifukwa ndi osakaniza angapo a iwo. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo chidwi kwambiri pa izi ndi lichens. Iwo ngakhalenso kuphunzira sayansi osiyana otchedwa lichenology. ndi mbali structural wa lichens, malo awo ndi njira moyo? Zonsezi tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani ino.

kudalirana chodabwitsa

Izi aliyense zosagwirizana zamoyo ndi chifukwa cha coexistence wa bowa ndi ndere. Koma si onse a magulu awa amatha kupanga coexistence matanthauzo opindulitsa. ndi mbali structural wa ndere chiyani? bowa thupi, kapena mycelium tichipeza filaments ambiri woonda otchedwa hyphae. Pakati pawo cyanobacterial maselo - buluu wobiriwira algae. Izi zimachititsa chamoyo umodzi. Iwo akhoza ntchito kokha pamaso pa yotheka bowa ndi ndere.

ndi mbali ya kapangidwe ka lichens Kodi

Zigawo za kudalirana zachilengedwezi ili si chaotically. Kapangidwe ndere (chiwembu chikusonyeza dongosolo la zinthu payekha) ndi kusasintha. Thupi la zamoyo izi ndi Thallus? kapena thallium. Bukuli lili ndi mafangasi hyphae, amene ali pamwamba ndi pansi munasindikizidwa, kupanga otchedwa kutumphuka. Nchito yake ofanana ndi a minofu ❖ kuyanika chomera. chitetezo kotsutsana ndi zinthu chowawa ndi ubale ndi chilengedwe.

Mkati mwa ndere komanso inali ulusi mafangasi koma mwachisawawa komanso lalikulu. Nkofunikira, chifukwa maselo a cyanobacteria ali pakati pawo. Ngati bowa, lichens ndi rhizoids. Izi formations ndi ntchito ndi malo mu thupi amafanana ndi mizu ya zomera apamwamba. Koma chachikulu ndi yonena za mitundu yonse nsalu. Choncho rhizoids maselo si apadera okha ndi anatomically pamodzi.

gulu la lichens

Features ya kapangidwe ka lichens ali ndi udindo kucheza nawo mu magulu a mawonekedwe a thupi - Thallus. Malinga ichi, pali magulu angapo:

• Crustose - maonekedwe amafanana ufa. Iwo kuphimba miyala kapena makungwa a mitengo woonda kutumphuka, nthawi zina zowoneka merging ndi pamwamba.
• Foliose - analembedwa bwino. Thallus awo ndi flakes ang'ono amene akudzipatula ku gawo lapansi popanda vuto.
• Kasunga - koposa zonse ndi maonekedwe awo amafanana ndi zomera m'munsi. Monga ulamuliro, iwo ndi chachitali komanso mosabisa m'munsi mtundu wa chitsamba yaing'ono kapena tsitsi ngati dongosolo.

Ndondomeko zikuluzikulu m'moyo

Kapangidwe mkati amachititsa ndere ndi makhalidwe thupi ya zinthu izi. Chifukwa iwo anapanga ndi bowa ndi ndere, njira yonse ofanana ndi magulu a nyama zakutchire.

chakudya

Bowa ndi wobiriwira algae imayambira njira kwenikweni osiyana: hetero- ndi autotrophic. Choncho ndere yodziwika yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa anatengera zamoyo izi zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Ndipotu, ngati zinthu kudziletsa maphunziro palibe chakudya, thupi zimatenga zakudya zofunika particles moyo ku dothi kapena gawo lapansi zina. Ndere dzuwa ndondomeko anachita ndi kupereka lichens zosakaniza organic ndi zawachitikira mpweya ndi mpweya. A gawo lapansi bowa ndi mawere madzi ndi mchere ndi kusungunuka. cyanobacteria awa ndi ntchito ndondomeko dzuwa. Njira imeneyi kudya otchedwa mixotrophic.

kubalana

Kudziwa mtundu wa kubalana wa zamoyo izi, m'pofunika kamodzinso kukumbukira kodi makhalidwe a dongosolo la lichens. Popeza zigwirizana bowa ndi ndere, ndi ndondomeko kubereka mtundu wawo angathe onse yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Zimenezi si wopanda tanthauzo kwa anatengera ndi kufalitsa.

Ngati bowa, lichens kupanga spores - maselo asexual kubalana. Iwo amadutsa ndi mphepo ndi madzi pa mtunda wautali ndi yotheka kwambiri. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, amayamba kukhala, kupanga chamoyo wamkulu. Kodi kuchepetsa zomera lichens kubereka asexually mwa vegetative - ndizo mbali ya Thallus lapansi. Zimakhala zitsamba lalikulu kapena zidutswa ochepa, uli ndi hyphae ochepa a bowa ndi cyanobacteria maselo. Izi chokwanira pa chitukuko mofulumira lake lonse. Vegetative kubereka njira ikuchulukira poyerekeza ndi sporulating.

Mtengo wa lichens mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu

Kodi kapangidwe ka ndere, ife tinapeza. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane mbali zofunika tanthauzo lake mu chirengedwe. Lichens musati anaitanapo "apainiya" ya zomera. Ndipotu, akhoza kukula mu malo zamoyo zina sangakhoze kukhala moyo. Mwachitsanzo, yothetsa pa thanthwe lolimba, kenako mbaavunga. Motero, pali zifukwa mapangidwe nthaka - chikhalidwe zofunika pa moyo wa zomera.

Lichens ndi undemanding mwamtheradi osauka, koma amakonda chinyezi mkulu. Pamene chilala kapena chisanu, iwo suspend mphamvu ya zamoyo n'kuyambiranso iwo pambuyo. Lichens ndi chakudya cha nyama zina kumpoto. Mu mankhwala, iwo ntchito ngati microbicides.

Lichens - gulu lapadera la zamoyo, zomwe ndi zosiyana mchitidwe bowa ndi ndere. Iwo kuphatikiza pa katundu wa maufumuwo zizindikiro za malo oyera ndi maziko a Titafika pamalo zomera.