Zomera m'munsi

The zosiyanasiyana za zomera ozungulira sayansi ukugawa mu subkingdoms awiri: apamwamba zomera m'munsi. Kuti monga zomera apamwamba, thupi vegetative amene lagawidwa ziwalo, ali zimayambira, mizu ndi masamba. Zomera m'munsi mwake, monga kulekana si Komanso, palibe multicellular Ziwalo zoberekera. Mu zamoyo masiku ano zomera m'munsi likukamba chabe algae, koma zaka zingapo zapitazo, kuti iye n'chinthu chofunikira bowa ndi mabakiteriya, komanso onse zamoyo zina kuposa mbewu apamwamba ndi nyama.

Zomera m'munsi yodziwika ndi: yosiyanasiyana, zokhala ndi selo imodzi Ziwalo zoberekera, madzi malo. Ndere padziko lathuli adayamba: zaka zomera malasha zopezeka mu zigawo za Archean ndi nyengo Proterozoic, ali biliyoni 3 zaka ..

Ena poganizira mutu, ndipo ndinkaganiza kuti zomera m'munsi - wosazindikira umodzi tating'ono tosaoneka kukula. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona. Kumene, zokhala ndi selo imodzi algae a subkingdoms izi, koma imakhudzanso yaikulu multicellular algae, kutalika kwa imene imafikira makumi angapo mamita. Komanso apamwamba, iwo akhoza nawo ndondomeko ya photosynthesis. algae Wofalitsa amapezeka kugonana ndi asexual (vegetative kapena zoospores) amatanthauza. onse m'munsi ndi zomera apamwamba muli wotchedwa chlorophyll, koma m'munsi kuwonjezera pali inki ena kuti awapatse mtundu yeniyeni: bulauni, chikasu, wofiira, etc.

M'munsi zomera Zitsanzo

Ndere akhoza kugawidwa mu m'madzi ndi madzi oyera (ambiri). M'munsi zomera kuti moyo mu madzi mchere, angathe kupezedwa onse padziko ndi pa mozama. Komabe, kwa moyo akufunikira kuunika, kotero pa kuya kwambiri - za 250-300 mamita kapena kuposa - Sapita kudutsa monga dzuŵa chiyani mkatikati mwa ndime madzi.

Wotchuka nyanja kelp - kelp kapena Seaweed. Ndi pepala yopapatiza, kufika kutalika mamita angapo ndipo tigwiritsitse pansi-njira rhizoids. Zimafalitsidwa kelp zoospores - maselo, mawonekedwe amatikumbutsa peyala ndi, munali phata ndi chromatophores, zida ndi michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana ndi kayendedwe. Pambuyo amasulidwe foni mayi zoospore Mitundu michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, akusuntha mu madzi mpaka mpaka izo angagwirizanitse kwa gawo lapansi michere ndi sudzapereka moyo ndi algae latsopano.

Chikhodzodzo - mtundu wina wa nyanja kelp. Zomera multicellular akufanana chitsamba, m'litali angafikire mamita awiri. Fucus Ufumuyo gawo lapansi michere ntchito zidendene, kawirikawiri kupanga m'nkhalango lonse mu madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Iwo zimafalitsidwa pogonana: ena maselo akuchikazi otchedwa antheridia ndi ili m'mbali mwa zomera anapanga umuna maselo ena - oogonia - anapanga oocyte. Mothandizidwa attractants - zinthu zimene zimachititsa madzi mu umuna mazira, iwo coalesce ndi zygote ndi aumbike, kumene algae latsopano chidzakula ina.

Mu madzi oyera Madamu zomera m'munsi (algae) kudzali. Ambiri a iwo - Spirogyra. Spirogyra ndi zovuta opezeka amatunga madzi patsogolo: yowala wobiriwira amatope kupanga masango chokhala ubweya slimy. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa izo pansi maso, mungathe kuona Thallus zomera, wopangidwa mwa chachikulu (mpaka 0.01 mm) maselo cylindrical anakafika mu mzere. Spirogyra angathe kubereka m'njira ziwiri: kugonana ndi vegetatively. Mosiyana fucus, amene penipeni pa zygote Zimachitika maphatikizidwe wa umuna ndi dzira, ili algae zygote aumbike pamphambano 2 maselo. Vegetative kafalitsidwe limapezeka pa yopuma wa filaments Pankhaniyi, mbali aumbike mtengo watsopano.