Ndege ili pa mabatire a dzuwa. Zitsanzo za kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa

Masiku ano, asayansi samayiwala kutchula kamodzi pamwezi kuti mafuta akutha, mpweya ukutha, mphamvu ya atomu ndi yoopsa, ndipo kawirikawiri, zaka mazana awiri, umunthu udzasinthira ku miyala, monga chuma cha dziko lapansi ndi kupanga zopanda mafuta. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mauthenga ofalitsa nkhani ali ndi nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa matekinoloje kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu ya mpweya, madzi, zinyama ndi zinyalala za anthu, ndi zina zomwe mungasankhe. Ena a iwo ali ngati zongopeka, ena ali ndi zochitika zenizeni zenizeni ndipo akhala akugwiritsa ntchito, monga mphamvu ya dzuwa.

Mphamvu za dzuwa

Timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chounikira chathu chokondeka chimatipatsa ubwino ndi kuwala, kumathandiza kulima mbewu, kumawotcha madzi m'nyanja, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Koma, kuwonjezeranso, mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, owerengera omwe ali ndi betri ya dzuwa anaonekera pamsika. Tsopano izi sizosadabwitsa. Pali polojekiti yokonzekera: amanga kale nyumba zoyamba, zomwe zimatenthedwa ndi mphamvu za dzuwa ndipo zimagwira ntchito ku Russia m'nyengo yozizira. Ntchitoyi imapereka kutentha kwapadera, chifukwa m'madera athu dzuŵa likhoza kuphimbidwa ndi mitambo kwa nthawi yaitali.

Mwamuna aliyense mumsewu amatha kugula mapepala a dzuwa, koma mtengo ukuwomba kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi zotchipa kuti mulandire mphamvu ndi kutentha mwachizolowezi. Komabe, pokhapokha ngati palibe magwero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mu maulendo akutali kapena mlengalenga, mabatire a dzuwa ndi ofunika kwambiri. Ku Ulaya, anthu ogwira ntchito payekha amakhala nawo pakhomo la nyumba zawo ndikugulitsa magetsi ochuluka kudziko lawo. Koma Germany si dziko lokongola kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi yoti ikhale yowonjezereka. Ngakhale asayansi amati dzuwa sichidzawala nthawi zonse, koma, poyerekeza ndi moyo waumunthu, kuwala kwathu kwakhala kwamuyaya.

Ndege ndi mabatire a dzuwa

M'nthawi yathu ino, anamanga ndege yotereyi. Musalole mofulumira komanso mosasinthika, koma mafuta ake salipira kanthu, palibe kutulutsa mpweya. Mazenera a dzuwa ali pamwamba pa mapiko ndi thupi lomwelo. Pa ndege yoyendetsa ndege, ndegeyo inadutsa 1541 kuchokera ku Phoenix kupita ku Dallas. Kutalika kwakukulu kunali mamita 8200, ndipo msinkhu wake unali wa 84 km / h.

Ndege ya mabatire a dzuwa inayesedwa ndi mmodzi wa opanga ake - Andre Borsherg. Ndege imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa zolembera zake, zomwe poyamba zinkayenda maola 26 ndege yomweyo yotchedwa Solar Impulse. Tsopano woyesayo akukonzekera kuyendetsa dziko lonse la America, ndiyeno kupanga ndege yozungulira.

Gulu lonse lomwe linapanga sitimayo ndikulikonzekera kuti lizigwira ntchito, likuyesera kuchita zonse zomwe zingatheke kuti zitsimikize kuti ntchito yake ndiyomwe ikukwaniridwa ndi wailesi. Pambuyo pake, ntchito yaikulu ya zochitika zoterozo ndi kusonyeza dziko lonse kuti mphamvu za dzuwa zimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu momwe zingathere.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Solar Impulse ndi mphepo yamapiko a mamita 63.4, mamita 1.5 mamita, ili ndi injini zinayi zamagetsi zokhala ndi ma kilowatts 7. Zimakonzedwa kuti kuyatsa kwa magetsi a dzuwa kungakhale osagwirizana. Ma mapaundi oposa mazana anayi ali mu mabatire a lithiamu, omwe amalembedwa pamoto. Ndege iliyonse yam'mbuyo yomwe inalipo pazitsulo za dzuwa inkauluka chifukwa cha kubwezeretsa dzuwa, mabatire, ngati alipo, anali ang'onoang'ono.

Tsopano analenga Solar Impulse 2, ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa yomwe idakonzedweratu, ili ndi maselo ambiri a dzuwa - pafupifupi 17,000. Mapikowa ndi opitirira mamita 70. Anapangidwa kuchokera ku fakitale ya hydrocarbon kuti achepetse kulemera kwake. Komabe, chilemera mamita 2.3. Chifukwa cha mabatire amphamvu, ikhoza kuwuluka kwa masiku angapo ndi usiku mofulumira kwa 50 mpaka 100 km / h.

Zoyembekeza za mafuta a dzuwa

Pali zitsanzo zambiri za kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa. Chosavuta chinawonetsedwa mu filimu ya Soviet "3 + 2", kumene dokotala wa sayansi ya thupi anaika galasi mu ambulera ndi kutenthetsa chakudya mu mthunzi wokongola. Tsopano sayansi ikupanga teknoloji yogwiritsira ntchito kutentha kwa dzuwa, komwe kuli malo omwe amalandira dzuwa.

Zipangizo zomwezo zimapanga kale ndikugwiritsira ntchito zomera zowuma mbewu ndi nyumba zotentha. Kuti asapangitse kuti zikhale zazikulu kwambiri m'deralo, zowonjezera zimapangidwa pamwamba pa zotentha, zomwe zimawonjezera malo omwe amalandira dzuwa.

M'madera a dziko lathuli, kumene nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito Kutentha. Pofuna kuteteza mphamvu, dzuwa limakhala ndi dera lalikulu lomwe limayang'anizana ndi dzuŵa, kusonkhanitsa mphamvu ndi kutentha nyumbayo. Lingaliro ndilobwino, koma zovuta kuchita. Nyumbayo iyenera kukhala yotsekemera bwino, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa mpweya wabwino, pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa, kutentha kwabwino kwa mnyumbamo kumafika kokha pakati pa tsiku, ndipo m'chilimwe kuli kotentha kwambiri.

Ndege yoyendetsa dzuwa ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha mwayi wosadziwika. Ili ndi chiwonetsero cha dongosolo lopanda pake. Koma palinso zina zomwe zimakhudza. Amawotcha madzi kapena mpweya. Pomwepo iwo, monga ogulitsa kutentha, amalowa m'nyumba. Zili zosavuta kulamulira, mungathe kumanga nyumba zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa kale, koma mphamvu zawo sizikwanira nyengo yotentha kwambiri ku Russia. Komabe, mu machitidwe osakanizidwa, pokhudzana ndi magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu zowonongeka za dzuwa zimatha kusunga mpaka 60 peresenti ya ogwira magetsi.

Solntseobiel

Ndege yoponderezedwa ndi dzuwa si njira yokhayo yamagalimoto yotereyi ya mtundu umenewu. Pali dzuwa, ndipo palibe ngakhale limodzi. Chaka chilichonse ku Switzerland mpikisano umachitika pakati pa makina amenewa, amatchedwa Tour de Sol. Mpikisano ukukhala masiku asanu ndi limodzi. Tsiku lililonse ophunzira ayenera kuthana ndi makilomita 80 mpaka 150 m'misewu ya Switzerland ndi Austria.

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, dzuwa limayenda kudutsa ku Russia. Zinapezeka kuti mawilo ake sakanakhoza kudutsa misewu yathu ya dziko, ndipo magalimoto anali pamsewu waukulu. Russia ndi yabwino, osati dzuwa. Koma, ngakhale zovuta zonse, kuwala kwa dzuwa kunamaliza njira yake. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa ulendo wotere ndi 170 km / h. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kunalandira umboni wotsimikizirika. Ku Ulaya, zitsanzo zina zalowa kale mndandanda.

Masenema a dzuwa. Mtengo. Kupanga

Maselo a dzuwa, kwenikweni, ndi ma photocells omwe amasintha mphamvu za dzuwa. Mu filimuyi "Martian" amawonetsedwa bwino pamene protagonist itatha chiwonongekocho chikuwayeretsa fumbi. Ku Russia, sizitchuka ndipo sizinapangidwe. Kawirikawiri dongosolo lachinsinsi laumwini limapangidwa pa kuchuluka kwa 9000 rubles. Maselo a dzuwa, omwe mtengo wake umasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa katundu, mtengo wochokera ku rubles limodzi ndi theka zikwi khumi ndi makumi khumi.

Gwiritsani ntchito ku Russia

M'dziko lathu, dzuŵa limawala nthawi zonse, koma osati kwambiri. Zitsanzo za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa, zotchulidwa pamwamba, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito komanso kukula kwa dziko lathu. Tsoka ilo, ntchito ya batri idzalipira kokha. Koma ngati sitiganizira za kuchuluka kwa ndalama, komanso kupulumutsa zachilengedwe, tikhoza kunena molimba mtima kuti teknolojiyi ikufunika kukonzedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama.