Nitriding wa zitsulo kunyumba: makonzedwe, makanema ndi ndondomeko

Zipangizo zamakono zimachokera pa kusintha kwa mapangidwe a zitsulo. Ntchito yovutayi ikufunika kuti izi zikhale zotetezedwa. Komabe, osati makhalidwe amthupi okha amachulukitsa nitriding wazitsulo m'nyumba, kumene kulibenso malo okhwima kwambiri kuti apereke zizindikirozo ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Zambiri zokhudza nitriding luso

Kufunika kwa nitriding ndiko chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa makhalidwe omwe amalola kuti katundu apatsidwe katundu wapamwamba. Gawo lalikulu la njira za nitriding zimagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi zofunikira za njira zowonjezera zogwiritsira ntchito zigawo. Makamaka, luso lakupera ndilofala, chifukwa cha akatswiri omwe angathe kusintha molondola magawo a chitsulo. Komanso, amaloledwa kuteteza malo omwe sali pansi pa nitriding. Pachifukwa ichi, kuvala ndi zigawo zochepa za tini kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi galvanic technique. Poyerekeza ndi njira zowonjezera zowonongeka kwa zitsulo, nitriding ndi kukwanitsa kwazitali zazitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ndi zochepa zofanana ndi zofananazo. Izi ndizo, makhalidwe apamwamba a zitsulo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika za mkati sizikuwerengedwera mu kusintha kwa nitrided.

Njira zosiyanasiyana za nitriding

Njira za nitriding zikhoza kusiyana. Njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimasiyana, malinga ndi zikhalidwe za nitriding chitsulo. Izi zikhoza kukhala njira zowonjezera kuvala kwapamwamba ndi kuuma, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kutsekeka kwa kutupa. Kusiyana koyamba kumadziwika kuti mawonekedwe amasinthidwa motsatira chikhalidwe cha kutentha kwa pafupifupi 500 ° C. Kuchepetsa nitriding kumawoneka ndi mankhwalawa, pamene kutuluka kwa anode ndi kuchepetsa kukhuta kumakhala kosangalatsa. M'chigawo chachiwiri, nitriding ya doped yachitsulo imapangidwa. Teknoloji ya mtundu uwu imapereka chithandizo cha kutentha pa 600-700 ° C ndi ndondomeko yaitali kwa maola 10. Zikatero, mankhwalawa akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka zitsulo, malinga ndi zofunikira zenizeni, ku zotsatira zake.

Kuwonetsera kwa ions ya plasma

Imeneyi ndi njira yowonjezera zitsulo muzitsulo zotulutsa nayitrogeni, momwe magetsi opaka magetsi amasangalala. Makoma a chipinda chosungiramo zipangizo zingathe kukhala ngati malo amodzi, ndipo zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji zimakhala zovuta. Pofuna kuchepetsa kayendedwe ka kapangidwe kake, ndizotheka kukonza ndondomeko yamakono. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wamakono, mlingo wopupa, nayitrogeni mowa, magawo a kuwonjezera kwa mpweya wabwino, ndi zina zotero zimatha kusintha.Masintha ena, plasma nitriding yazitsulo imakhudzanso kugwirizana kwa argon, methane ndi hydrogen. Izi mwazigawo zimatithandiza kuti tifunikire kuwonetsera zakunja zazitsulo, koma kusintha kwazithupi kumasiyanasiyana ndi kulumikiza kwathunthu. Kusiyana kwakukulu kumakhala kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa kayendedwe kake ndi kukonzanso sikungokhala ndi zokutidwa kunja ndi zipolopolo za mankhwala. Chithandizo cha Ionic chingakhudze kusintha kwathunthu kwa kapangidwe kake.

Kusungunuka kwa gasi

Njira imeneyi yogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwa 400 ° C. Koma palinso zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zida zowonongeka ndi zowonjezera zimapereka malo otentha - mpaka 1200 ° C. Monga mthunzi waukulu wotsitsimula, ammonia amachotsedwa. Zigawo za ma structural deformation zikhoza kulamuliridwa mwa njira ya nitriding ya gasi, yomwe imatenga zosiyana zojambula. Machitidwe odziwika kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe awiri, atatu-siteji, kuphatikizapo ammonia olekanitsidwa. Malamulo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi hydrogen amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Zina mwazigawo zomwe zimapanga nitriding zazitsulo ndi zizindikiro zapamwamba, zimatha kusiyanitsa kumwa kwa ammonia, kutentha, kusokonezeka, kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothandizira, etc.

Chithandizo ndi njira za electrolytes

Monga lamulo, luso la kugwiritsa ntchito Kutentha kwa mafuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipotu, uwu ndi mtundu wa electrochemical-thermal processing of zipangizo zamkuwa. Maziko a njira imeneyi ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito pulsed magetsi, yomwe imadutsa pamwamba pa billet yomwe ili mu electrolyte medium. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magetsi pamsewu pamwamba pake ndi chilengedwe, chiwonongekochi chikupezekanso. Ndi chithandizochi, gawoli likhoza kuonedwa ngati anode ndi mphamvu yabwino kuchokera ku magetsi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma voleti sayenera kukhala ochepa kusiyana ndi buku la anode. Pano ndi kofunikira kudziwa zina zomwe ionic nitriding ya nthunzi zimasintha ndi electrolytes. Makamaka, akatswiri amatha njira zosiyanasiyana kuti apangidwe ndi magetsi, omwe, pakati pazinthu zina, amadalira mavitanidwe a electrolyte. Izi zimapangitsa kuti muzitha kugwiritsira ntchito molondola zamaluso ndi ntchito zazitsulo zamitengo.

Kusintha kwa Katolika

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito pakali pano amapangidwa ndi ammonia olekanitsidwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwa dongosolo la 200-400 ° C. Malinga ndi khalidwe loyambirira la ntchito yachitsulo, ntchito yabwino yowonjezeramo imasankhidwa, yomwe ili yokwanira kukonza workpiece. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya ammonia ndi hydrogen. Mbali yofunikira ya kusokonezeka kwa ammonia imapindula mwa kulamulira kupanikizika ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopereka. Pankhaniyi, mosiyana ndi njira zamakono zopangira mafuta, nitriding katolika yazitsulo imapereka maulamuliro ochepetsera. Kawirikawiri, lusoli likupezeka mu mlengalenga omwe ali ndi mpweya wabwino wokhala ndi magetsi owala. Ntchito ya anode ikuchitidwa ndi makoma a chipinda chosungiramo, komanso chimbudzi cha mankhwalawa.

Njira yokonza maonekedwe

Njira zonse zogwiritsira ntchito zowonjezera zitsulo zimachokera pakugwirizanitsa kutentha kwake. Chinthu china n'chakuti kuwonjezera apo, njira zamakonzedwe zamagetsi ndi magetsi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha osati osati kunja kokha komanso mawonekedwe apansi a zinthuzo. Makamaka, matekinoloji akuyesera kuti apangitse mphamvu zachinthu chachinthu chowongolera ndikuwatchinjiriza ku zisonkhezero zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, kukana kutupa ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu okhutira, omwe nitriding wachitsulo amachitidwa. Kapangidwe ka chitsulo pambuyo pochiritsidwa ndi electrolytes ndi gasi zowonjezera zimapangidwa ndi kusungunula, zokhoza kukana ndi kusokoneza chilengedwe. Zigawo zenizeni zosinthira mawonekedwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zofunikira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito pa workpiece.

Kulimbana ndi maziko a njira zamakono

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya nitriding, mawonekedwe a zitsulo zogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zingasinthidwe ndi matekinoloje a cyanidation ndi simenti. Ponena za teknoloji yoyamba, zimakhala ngati kulumikizana kwachikale. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa njirayi ndi Kuwonjezera kwa kaboni ndi yogwira ntchito. Ili ndi zinthu zofunika komanso carburizing. Amaperekanso kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya, koma pa kutentha kwakukulu - pafupifupi 950 ° C. Cholinga chachikulu cha kukonzanso kotereku ndi kukwaniritsa kulemera kwakukulu. Pankhaniyi, carburizing ndi nitriding zimakhala zofanana ndi momwe mkati mwake zimatha kusungirako mlingo winawake wa viscosity. Mwachizoloŵezi, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitala komwe mabala amodzi ayenera kupirira kuwonjezereka kwakukulu, kutopa, kutayirira ndi zina zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zinthuzo zikhalitsa.

Ubwino wa nitriding

Ubwino waukulu wa teknoloji ukuphatikizapo maulamuliro osiyanasiyana okhutira ndi zochitika zonse. Mankhwalawa ndi akuya pafupifupi 0,2-0.8 mm amachititsanso kuti azikhala ndi maziko a chitsulo. Komabe, zimadalira kwambiri bungwe la ndondomekoyi, yomwe nitriding yazitsulo ndi zina zina zimachitika. Choncho, poyerekeza ndi kulumikiza, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a nayitrogeni kumafuna kuchepa ndalama komanso kumaloledwa ngakhale kunyumba.

Kuipa kwa nitriding

Njirayi ikuyang'anitsitsa kukonzanso kunja kwazitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zochepetsera. Mosiyana ndi kukonza kaboni, nitriding silingathe kusintha kayendedwe ka mkati mwa workpiece kuti athetse nkhawa. Cholakwika china ndi chiopsezo cha zotsatira zolakwika ngakhale kunja kwa chitetezo cha katundu wotere. Kumbali imodzi, ndondomeko ya nitriding chitsulo ikhoza kuonjezera kutentha kwa kutukusira ndi kusakaniza kwa chinyontho, koma kumbali inayo kudzathandizanso kuchepetsa kukula kwake kwa nyumbayo, motero, kumakhudza mphamvu zamagetsi.

Kutsiliza

Njira yamakono yopanga zitsulo imaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi mankhwala. Zina mwa izo ndizofanana ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zogawidwa bwino zazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamakono ndi zakuthupi. Zina zimayang'ana pa kukonzanso kwapadera. Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo nitriding yazitsulo, zomwe zimalola kuti pakhale kuthekera kofanana ndi kukonzanso kwa kunja kwa gawolo. Njira yosinthira imalola nthawi imodzi kupanga cholepheretsa kutsutsa zowoneka kunja, koma panthawi yomweyi kuti musasinthe maziko a nkhaniyo. Mwachizoloŵezi, ntchito zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumagulu ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, makina ndi zipangizo. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa zipangizo zomwe poyamba zimakhala ndi katundu wolemera. Komabe, palinso zizindikiro za mphamvu, zomwe sizingatheke kupyolera mwa nitriding. Zikatero, kutsegula dothi ndi kusinthika kwathunthu kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma imakhalanso ndi zovuta zake ngati mawonekedwe osokoneza bongo.