Mwachitsanzo lemba malonda kalembedwe mabuku. Small lemba malonda kalembedwe wa kulankhula: zitsanzo. Official-ntchito kalembedwe wa kulankhula: Zitsanzo za mawu yochepa. Chitsanzo cha mawu ka kalembedwe sayansi ndi malonda

ndi anthu mu dera boma anapanga wapadera kalembedwe chinenero. Chinali cholinga kutumikira ubale malamulo unalipo pakati pa anthu ndi boma. ntchito yake yaikulu - yokonza zikalata zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo lemba malonda kalembedwe, nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku - okhutira mwa ziganizo. Nkhaniyi ili ndi zitsanzo za zinenero zosiyanasiyana boma. Ndipo idzafotokoza zinthu zazikulu ndi ntchito yaikulu ya kalembedwe imeneyi.

tsogolo

Documents wasenza chinenero cha boma, ayende munthu moyo. Pamene iye anabadwa, chosonyeza zakubadwa ndi chikalata. Izi chikalata - chitsanzo loyamba la malemba kalembedwe malonda munthu moyo. Ndiye - pasipoti, kalata ya sekondale ndi zambiri zokhudza zosiyanasiyana.

Kutumikira boma-malonda dera, kalembedwe izi anazindikira pafupifupi nthawi zonse mu kulemba. kulankhula ndi zochepa wamba. Pa wouma boma chinenero chigawo zokhudza boma, zida lonse ndi zina zotero. Chitsanzo cha kalembedwe malonda a m'lemba mu mawonekedwe m'kamwa - lipoti la msonkhano. Cholinga cha chinenero - utumiki muzochitika zosiyana malamulo.

Species kuti anawagawa kalembedwe bizinesi ya kulankhula

Zitsanzo za malemba - yochepa zambiri kapena nthawi yaitali malipoti Mulimonse. Onsewo ndi zikalata zofunikira, ndipo malinga ndi dera lomwe iwo ntchito, iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu itatu:

• malamulo;
• zamtendere;
• yoyang'anira ofesi.

Mogwirizana ndi gulu ili amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ya chinenero malonda kapena subgenres. Aliyense wa iwo, ndi mbali wamba chinenero ntchito, ali mbali yake yeniyeni. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

zikalata Office

kalembedwe Administrative amatumikira m'madera zotsatirazi:

• lamulo;
• mfundo pagulu;
• kuchuluka kwa malonda ubwenzi.

Business inali nthawi yaitali. Administrative kalembedwe - amakezana buku la masitaelo ena. Izo zinayambira mu nthawi ya boma Kievan. Mwachitsanzo lemba malonda kalembedwe X atumwi - ndi "Russian Choonadi" - gulu mfundo ndi chipilala cha lamulo lakale. Chifukwa gwero mbiri, n'zotheka kuti uweruze chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha chinenero.

Kalembedwe mu funso m'nkhani ino, ine sindinali kwambiri. Komabe kutenga malemba a "Choonadi Russian" munthu ano si kophweka. Komabe, ngakhale ndi chidwi lexical ndi syntactic kusintha mu chinenero mu chikalata ichi azipereka makhalidwe a chinenero cha malonda. Mmodzi wa iwo - kugwiritsa ntchito mawu enieni.

chilankhulo malo ndi zovuta. zikalata Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ziganizo zovuta, akhoza kupezeka yaitali mndandanda wa mamembala homogeneous. malamulo zambiri chogwidwa ndi ziganizo kuyesetsa. ziwalo saloledwa mu mabuku. chinthu chimodzi chofanana ndi mawu a kalembedwe sayansi ndi malonda. Zitsanzo lemba: "manambala oyambirira ndi mbali yaikulu ya mawu, ndi pamaso pa muzu." mawuwa analengedwa mu kalembedwe sayansi. Business isiyana ndi izo chifukwa chakuti ntchito yake osati kuti afotokoze mfundo zolondola, komanso kufala kwa malangizo ndi chitsogozo.

zikalata malamulo

Nkhani phunziro kwa olowa malamulo zachilendo ndi maumboni. Mwachidule mawu a chilamulo - izi ndi yaing'ono lemba malonda kalembedwe wa kulankhula. zitsanzo:

• A mayi limodzi ofunika kulandira nyumba pa mgwirizano chikhalidwe ntchito ku chikhalidwe nyumba katundu ndi, ngati chimatengedwa ngati akufunika mavuto nyumba.
• A nzika yachilendo ali ndi ufulu ntchito kuti kalembera wa nzika Russian, kaya kugwilizana ndi zaka zisanu okhala mu Russia, ngati iye anabadwa pa dera la RSFSR lapansi.

lamulo Language ali mbali khalidwe ngati kufupika ndi kuphweka. Chapakati kuti ichi ndi boma Mitundu ndi mwatsatanetsatane za mawu. Lamulo amadzisankhira wapadera maganizo. Mawu a zikalata zina (monga ufulu wa Universal Declaration) sangakhale wopanda grandiloquence. Makamaka pankhani mapangano lonse. Koma, koma, mwa zikalata malamulo zambiri za zimenezi zolembedwa kuzimiririka youma lilime. zakukhudzani otere analengedwa ndi wapadera mawu, mawu ndi otchedwa kantselyarizmy. Komanso, muyezo mawu mobwerezabwereza kangapo. M'lemba lalifupi angapezeke kubwereza mawu monga mosabisa, amakhala yoyenera, amavomereza, pambuyo, ndi zina zotero.

mapepala boma

Mabuku wasenza mu boma-Mitundu, ntchito mgwirizano wa mayiko. The chinenero zolembedwa izi kukusalani ntchito mawu evaluative, yafupika kapena mawu mkulu, ndiye, ali mbali zonse kusiyanitsa ku zolembalemba boma ntchito kalembedwe wa kulankhula. Zitsanzo za malemba - zikalata yochepa kapena yaitali ndi malipoti analemba mu Mitundu zotsatirazi:

• mgwirizanowo;
• pangano;
• Convention;
• memorandum;
• onani;
• Communiqué.

Chitsanzo wotchuka analengedwa mu kalembedwe izi - ndi Geneva Convention Chilamulo m'mayiko onse. chilankhulo akazembe ndi yosiyanasiyana. Ndi azipereka lotanthauzira lake (kusuntha, Summit, amamangirira). zikalata akazembe anapangidwa mitundu wapadera kwambiri. cholemba laumwini zonse zinalembedwa munthu woyamba. mawu "Wokondedwa" Ndithu pano mu makope a. siginecha A lili mtundu wapadera wa ulemu.

Nkhani zimene zimapezeka ntchito kalembedwe

Chinthu chapadera cha chinenero cha boma - mosamalitsa ndondomeko malamulo zolembalemba. zikalata malonda osati ntchito lexical-phraseological njira khalidwe alankhula kapena wamba. Official lotanthauzira amakonda chilankhulo ndi mawu akatswiri slang.

zikalata si ntchito neologisms. Kapena zimachitika, koma choncho, ngati iwo ali ndi tanthauzo terminological. mawu Special sizingasinthidwe kapena m'malo professionalisms kapena jargon.

The ntchito kalembedwe, pali kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa boma Mitundu ndi Mitundu. Koma, ngakhale, ntchito kungabweretse kuphatikiza ndi mzake - publicist.

ndi kusiyana kwa chinenero cha boma cha mabuku chiyani?

Mu zosemasema pali mafano, Izitu n'zovutitsa, ndi Kukweza mawu osiyanasiyana, omwe nthawi zina analengedwa ndi olemba okha. Mu zikalata zofunikira zonse zitheka. The anasiya kutengeka amadziwika zing'onozing'ono lemba malonda kalembedwe.

Zitsanzo lemba: "Ivan anapempha wachibale wake pafupi ndi kum'patsa nyumba. Kungoganiza kuti mwambo umenewu ukhoza kulumikizidwa ndi ndalama zina zakuthupi, iye anasonyeza kuti akufuna kupeza mpando kalaliki kapena malo amene zochimwazo kumathetsa angapo nkhani zachuma. " ndimeyi - ". Vanka" osati kuti zina, monga mbali ya kalata Antona Chehova khalidwe mu nkhani Posintha mawu a protagonist mu chilankhulo cha malonda, ndipo mukhoza kupeza wachidule. Linapangidwa mu kalembedwe mbali yaikulu imene - detachment Nkhani. Mbali ina ya chinenero ndi malonda ndi Kudziwa.

Mwina simungathe Amapereka chitsanzo cha kalembedwe bizinesi ya kulankhula - lemba ang'ono ndi Baibulo la prose kapena ntchito ndakatulo chinenero cha boma. Koma ngati kusamukira ku mtundu wina ndi mzake silingakhale lolondola. Business kalembedwe ali ziwalo zomwe sizipezeka mu mabuku. Ndipo chifukwa iwo ali kovuta kuyerekeza.

Features wa amalankhula ku ntchito kalembedwe

The chinenero ndi ambiri pa kalatayo. Kutanthauzira chitsanzo cha kalembedwe bizinesi ya kulankhula - ndi yaing'ono lemba ndi atsogoleri. Ngakhale, kumene, pa misonkhano ndi misonkhano yapadera, kungakhale yaitali ndithu. Mbali khalidwe la kalembedwe izi: zomveka kumvera pa kulankhula ndi limaonetseratu intonation. mawu zina okwera maganizo. Koma wokamba alibe kuswa malamulo zolembalemba.

chilankhulo mawu boma

Pakuti malonda kalembedwe ankaikira mawu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mawu enieni. mawu awa akhoza zokhudzana ndi malamulo, zamtendere, chuma, dera lankhondo. Amapezeka zikalata achidule. Chikhumbo cha kufupika amadziwika yaing'ono lemba malonda kalembedwe wa kulankhula. zitsanzo:

• Russian Ministry of Health zachitika lamulo, cholinga lake pofuna kupewa ngozi pamsewu.
• The Institute Research ukugwira Dipatimenti wapadera, amene amapangidwa ambiri olowa apulasitiki.
• M'zaka zaposachedwapa, umisiri watsopano zachipatala ntchito mu zipatala.

Mu ntchito malemba zimapezekanso mawu ounika sizionekaoneka masitayilo ena. Zina zinthu lexical monga pamwamba, pamwamba, pansipa, zoyenerera, umboni, muyeso wa kudziletsa. mawu Specific (Mchitidwe wa kunyoza, ndi cassation apilo ndi muzimvetsera pa recognizance wawo) - Mbali chimene chimasiyanitsa bizinesi kalembedwe wa kulankhula. Zitsanzo lemba:

• Short, yaifupi lalifupi, yaifupi yochepa. Zonsezi pamwambapa ali yemweyo muzu mawu.
• Poganizira zonse zochitika pamwamba, wolemba anatsimikizira kuti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi digiri zina za mwayi: imodzi - pa ena - kwambiri.
• Aliyense wogwira ntchito chofunika kuchita mokwanira zonse zimene pamwambapa.

Morphological makhalidwe ntchito kalembedwe

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, kapangidwe ka mawu boma lili ndi zinthu zina khalidwe. Mu Mwachitsanzo, ndi adjectives achuluke ndiponso manauni kuposa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Monga mtundu limaonetseratu za zolemba lemba sizotheka, izo zikhoza kukhala interjections particles ndi mawu ndi suffixes zimene zimakhala kulenga kuwunika zotengera malingaliridwe. Manauni zambiri zopezeka mu mawonekedwe a osonyeza chachimuna. mawu awa ntchito woyamba mutu malo ntchito: yowerengera, wothandizira Mtsogoleri.

Mwa ochepa manauni ambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu za liwiro khola. ziwembu bulky angakhale ndi yaing'ono lemba malonda kalembedwe. Chitsanzo cha lemba limene pali mawu monga: ". Pofuna kuchepetsa VAT obwezeredwa deadlines, okonza kuti kukonzanso malamulo"

Adjectives ndi participles kawirikawiri amakhala ndi matanthauzo a liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba za. Chotero zinthu lexical mwina ang'ono ntchito kalembedwe malemba, zitsanzo zomwe kukumana ndi madokotala: "Mu mtima mphumu mtima angadandaule za kuchepa pachimake mpweya."

Mawu mu chinenero bizinesi n'zochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa ntchito kawirikawiri a chigawo ichi cha kulankhula ndi chifukwa choti wathunthu wa concreteness ndi individualization wa kulankhula. M'malo akuti woonekeratu ntchito kantselyarizmy: woona, kudziwika yoyenera ndi zina zotero. Iwo sangakhoze monga mawu akuti chikhalire (winawake, kapena chinachake, chilichonse) lemba malonda kalembedwe. zitsanzo:

• Short malemba zokhudzana siyana akugulitsa ndi specialization la wolemba.
• Zimenezi chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa moyo.

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu kulankhula boma

Izi mbali ya kulankhula ndi zochitika apamwamba mu mabuku. Mu sayansi iwo ali ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Ndipo wochepetsetsa m'mawu a zikalata cha boma. Awa ndi khalidwe morphological Mbali amene amasiyanitsa zina zonse ntchito kalembedwe wa kulankhula. Zitsanzo za malemba ndi mabuku amasonyeza kuti kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ambiri anakumana chinenero cha boma, ndi phindu la ntchito (kuti, mlandu amachita ndi zina zotero).

Malembedwe kulankhula malonda

ma oterowo ndi advantageously cliché patsogolo. Kuchuluka kwa mawu monga cholinga, mzere pansi, chifukwa, mbali zenizeni, amene ali ovomerezeka-ntchito kalembedwe wa kulankhula. Zitsanzo za malemba - snippets lalifupi mawu, zodzinenera zake ndi zina zolembedwa: "Pa maziko a atawalamula pamwamba kukonza zida ndi kupereka mauthenga ndi ntchito ikuchitika.

mbali stylistic

kulankhula Direct ali osowa kwambiri zikalata. Ndi ntchito kwenikweni pamene pali kufunika anawatenga weniweni malamulo. The predominance wa mozungulira ndi chizindikiro, limene maziko a ntchito luso makamaka osiyana boma-ntchito kalembedwe. Zitsanzo za malemba - yochepa zikalata zofunikira, lomwe likulamuliridwa ndi ndime yaing'ono, mfundo ndi categorization.

Zizindikiro ntchito kalembedwe tatchulazi ndi chikhalidwe zazikulu mu yokonza zikalata zofunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri maonekedwe ndi akalumikidzidwa - palibe mwangozi. Nthawi zina, popanda lemba Umasiya kukhala bizinesi.

Documents kuti muyenera kukhala ofanana kwambiri ndi kukongoletsa pamoyo, litsatidwe malamulo omveka bwino. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi chofunika kuti timudziwe bwino mbali wogwidwa ndi kalembedwe boma-bizinesi ya kulankhula. Zitsanzo za malemba kotorotkie makombo a zimene zili m'nkhani ino kupereka mwachidule nkhani zofunika mmodzi wa masamba a zilankhulo. Ndicho - kalembedwe.