Mulungu Ra: kuchokera kupambana kwa anaiwalika

Mulungu Ra mu gulu Iguputo unatenga malo apadera. Zimenezi n'zomveka: dziko kum'mwera, zonse moto dzuwa pamwamba ... milungu ina ndi bozhenyata ntchito zake zenizeni, ndi kokha zopindula Ra, mulungu kuphimba dziko lonse, popanda kuwasiyanitsa Farao olemera ndi osauka, ndi akapolo, ndi zinyama.

Malinga ndi Aigupto, Ra konse kubadwa, wakhala alipo nthawi zonse. Iye anayima pa milungu ina, pokhala chinachake kwa zinachitika kwa Mulungu mmodzi, amene anasonyeza kenako mu Chiyuda, Chikhristu ndi Chisilamu. Koma zikuoneka kuti lingaliro la Mulungu mmodzi anali mu malingaliro a ku Egypt. Nzosadabwitsa farao ufumu wa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu Amenhotep chachinayi, akuyesera kuti amuchotsepo kulamulira kwa ansembe ambiri a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana (amphamvu kwambiri amene anali ansembe a Ra), anayambitsa kulambira mulungu Aton, Dzuŵa litayamba, kapena pokana milungu ina yonse. Kwenikweni, watsopano mulungu dzuwa, Aton, si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera mwambo wakale dzuwa - Amon-Ra. Kodi zimene ansembe latsopano anali kwathunthu m'manja mwa Amenhotep, anatengera dzina latsopano Akhenaten, kutanthauza "kumakondweretsa Mulungu Aten."

Koma lingaliro la Mulungu mmodzi, amene anapeza Echo mu maganizo a osankhika maganizo (unattached gawo la ansembe, anthu anzeru ndi pafupi Akhenaten), amakhala kumbuyo mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ya anthu osaphunzira ufumu ku Iguputo. Kulambira Aton sanakhale ambiri. Inertia Zakachikwi maganizo achipembedzo anali wamphamvu amasangalatsa ophunzira a osankhika Iguputo. Malinga ndi azambiriyakale ambiri, Akhenaten anafa chifukwa chiwembucho, ndipo onse zinayambanso kuyenda bwino. Mulungu Ra anali pamndandanda wa milungu kwambiri anamusilira Iguputo.

The likulu la mulungu dzuwa linali Heliopolis, imene Greek zikutanthauza mzinda wa dzuwa kapena Solntsegrad. Mu dzina lino, mzinda pamaoneka maphunziro ambiri mbiri, ngakhale pano, dzina Aigupto pakati anali Iunu. Agiriki kuyambira nkhondoyo ndi Aleksandra Makedonskogo anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa moyo wa Egypt. Aigupto Ra, mulungu mu chikumbumtima chawo anazindikiritsidwa ndi Greek Helios. Popanda ado zina, ankhondowo chabe anadzatchedwa ya Iguputo mzinda Iunu mu Greek Heliopolis.

Kulambira Ra mmenemo nthawi yaitali kwambiri. maziko ake anauika ufumu wakale - mu zoyambirira za lachitatu Zakachikwi BC. Mulungu Ra anali woyamba wa milungu yambiri Iguputo. Koma khama Patapita wa ansembe athandiza inalowa kuti mpandowachifumu kuti woyambitsa ufumu wa Chachisanu, gulu lake la mpatuko ananyamuka akupondereza ena zaka zikwi ziwiri. Ansembe a Ra, popeza ndatsiriza motsimikiza, analola mtundu wa "kudalirana" wa mulungu wake ndi milungu zosafuni- m'madera osiyanasiyana Egypt. Choncho, pa Elephantine, iye wotchedwa Khnum-Ra, Thebes - Amon-Ra. muyeso Izi zimathandiza kuti mupewe ndi separatism wachipembedzo.

Pambuyo hoplites Aleksandra Makedonskogo popanda kumenyana anapita ku Iguputo, anayamba kuchepa kwa zipembedzo za makolo. Ayi, Tikutero chifukwa angalondole mafani wa Ra. Monga nthawi ya chipembedzo akale a m'mbuyomu. anthu ochepa milungu yakale, akachisi pang'onopang'ono zidagwa kuwola, ndi mkubwela kwa Christianity, mulungu wa dzuwa Ra potsiriza kuiwalika. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma chachisanu AD Aiguputo ngakhale aiwala kalata, amene analemba nyimbo zawo milungu pamwamba. Koma dongosolo la Iguputo kakale kulemba pa nthawi imeneyo inkakhala zaka zitatu ndi theka chikwi!

Izo zinali kokha m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndife chifukwa cha khama la namatetule zilankhulo Fransua Shampolona mwapeza masiku Aigupto mbiri ya anthu, amene poyamba anali zodziwika kokha ndemanga lalifupi a oyandikana la Iguputo - Agiriki, Aroma, Aperezi ndi Aluya.