Mtengo index - Kodi maziko a bwino kukhala ziyenera. Mbiri ya chitukuko mfundo, mitundu, ndi mbali mawerengedwe

mtengo index - ndi index zolemeletsedwa uliri mtengo msika wa gulu lapadera la katundu mkati chigawo chomwe mufuna pa nyengo ya nthawi. mtengo wa chinthu moyo amadziwika boma la chuma cha dziko. Izi otchedwa ambiri mtengo index. Kuchepera mu zizindikiro kuchuluka kuthandiza mabizinesi kusankha pakuika. Mfundo zonsezi mopitirira mabungwe dziko zowerengera ndi mayiko ambiri masiku ano, kuphatikizapo Federal State Kafukufuku Service. Ogula Price Index - wotchuka kwambiri a iwo. M'nkhaniyi tiona zochitika za mfundo imeneyi, mitundu ya zizindikiro, mawerengedwe ndi ntchito yawo mbali.

tanthauzo mfundo

Price Index - ndi zowerengera wachibale phindu. Izo ntchito kuyerekeza mphamvu ya mtengo msika wa magulu a katundu ndi ntchito pa nthawi ndi malo m'mayiko ambiri. Njira kuwerengetsa chizindikiro akuyamba ndi masankhidwe ndi kusankha nyemba woimira njira. Pali zitatu zikuluzikulu akalozera: ndi deflator ya GDP, ogula ndi mitengo mafakitale.

Mbiri ya chiphunzitso cha

Mwa chuma palibe kugwirizana kuti amene anabwera ndi mtengo woyamba index. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa akatswiri a nawo munda, kwambiri. Ambiri amanena kuti kuphunzira Raysa Vogana "Nkhani ya ndalama ndi Ndalama." ntchito yake lofalitsidwa mu 1675. Mlembi akufuna kupatutsa zotsatira inflationary za kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ku America kwa Spain chifukwa cha debasement. Vaughan poyerekeza malemba ntchito za nthawi yake ndi nthawi Edward III, mmene kuchuluka kwa malipiro paola akhala lokhazikika. Wales chuma amaganiza kuti iwo kotheka kugula pafupifupi akonzedwa womwewo wa katundu. Vaughan kafukufuku anasonyeza kuti mlingo wa mitengo mu UK pa zana yapita chawonjezeka ndi nthawi 6-8. Komabe, si mwachindunji masamu kukula kugunda.

mtengo Choyamba index apeza ndi English zachuma William Fleetwood mu 1707. Ine anafika Oxford wophunzira amene akadataya maphunziro chifukwa chakuti ndalama zake pachaka mapaundi zoposa zisanu. Makonzedwe amenewa anapangidwa m'zaka 15. Dera zinthu Fleetwood m'gulu kusintha mtengo, chotero nazo zinali kuchuluka yaikulu zambiri zowerengera pa nkhaniyi. Iye anatsimikizira kuti mu zaka 260 zapitazo, mtengo wa mapaundi asanu zasintha kwambiri. wapeza anafalitsa mosadziwika, koma kafukufuku anathandiza kwambiri Oxford ophunzira.

Laspeyres

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri ndi kuwuka mu mitengo ogula omwe amadziwika kufufuma. chizindikiro ichi chili mbuuku mtanga atathana ya katundu ndi ntchito. Iye ali ngati Laspeyres index, monga ntchito kuwerengetsa mtengo wa chaka m'munsi. Tiyeni Q ₀ - mlingo m'munsi mwa kumasulidwa. Zingakhalenso zofunika kuchuluka kwa katundu wa ogula mtanga. A P ₀ ndipo P ₁ - milingo mtengo mu m'munsi ndi nyengo ilili. Ndiye chilinganizo cha ogula mtengo index (CPI) adzakhala motere: Σ (Q × P ₀ ¹⁾ Σ (Q P ₀ × _0). The vuto lalikulu la ntchito chizindikiro ichi kuti sipatenga mu kusintha Nkhani dongosolo mtengo. Izo zimanyezimiritsa kokha zotsatira ndalama, kunyalanyaza kuthekera M'MALO. Choncho, ogula mtengo index kaŵirikaŵiri zimapereka mlingo overvalued cha kufufuma pamene mtengo kukula ndi anachepetsa - monga iwo kugwa.

GDP deflator

chizindikiro china, amene amadziwika dziko la chuma, ndi Paasche index. Iye anakhazikitsa nthawi iliyonse yatsopano ogula dengu kapena kumasulidwa mlingo. Tiyeni Q ₀ ndipo Q ₁ - linanena bungwe mu m'munsi ndi nyengo zatsopano ndiponso P ₀ ndipo P ₁ - lolingana nthawi deta mafelemu milingo mtengo. Ndiye deflator GDP ndiyo njira motere: GDPdeflator = Σ (Q ₁ × P ₁₎ Σ (Q ₀ × P _0). chizindikiro ichi akhoza kuchita masamu ndi kugawa mwadzina aakulu m'banja mankhwala chenichenicho. The vuto lalikulu ndi chizindikiro ichi kuti nthawi zambiri akuona kufufuma kumene ogula mtengo index amapereka kudulitsa wake khalidwe, ndiko, ndi kuwonjezeka mu mitengo.

Mtengo pafupifupi

Pothetsa zolakwa chibadidwe m'mbuyomo kanjedza awiri, anayamba ndi wina index mtengo. Iwo anapanga zachuma American Irving Fisher. Iye akufuna kuti kuwerengera zojambula zikutanthauza mtengo, ndiye muzu lalikulu la mankhwala kwa Laspeyres ndi Paasche.

Rosstat: Kugula Price Index

Malinga ndi Federal State Kafukufuku Service, mmene chuma chikuyendera wayamba kuchulutsa kutali. Mu January 2016, ogula mitengo chinawonjezeka ndi 9.8% mu mwezi womwewo wa 2015 kukula anali 12.9%. Pasanathe zimakwana anali kokha mu November 2014. Pafupifupi ndi CPI mu Russia anakwana 137,42% nyengo ya ufulu. Chotsikitsitsa anali mu April 2012 - 3.6%. Lembani mitengo mkulu index, Rosstat opezeka mu December 1992 - 2333.3%. Pamene kuwerengetsa chizindikiro ichi Rosstat amaona magulu amenewa: chakudya ndi mopanda mowa zakumwa (30%), kayendedwe (14%), zovala ndi nsapato (11%), rents (11%) ndi Zosangalatsa (6%) .