Mpumulo ndi mchere mu America South. Phunziro m'dzikoli

Chidwi zokwanira kufufuza kumtunda ndi America South. Relief, mchere makamaka Africa ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

mbali mpumulo

Mbali yapadera ya mpumulo wa America South ndi kugawikana bwino m'dzikoli pawiri: kum'mawa ndi pakati - zigwa zikuluzikulu, ndi kumpoto ndi kumadzulo - motalikitsa dongosolo phiri dziko, Andes (South America Cordillera). Pa mtima wa Africa lili South America nsanja. Pali alternating nsonga ndi ufa omwe akupezeka padziko a kuchigwa, zitunda zathyathyathya ndi zigwa.

Mbali kumpoto-kumadzulo kwa Africa ndi

Mpumulo ndi mchere mu America South zosiyanasiyana ndithu. Mwachitsanzo, Andes phiri dongosolo ili m'mphepete Pacific gombe m'dzikoli. Pamafunika za 9000 makilomita. Pachimake phiri ndi yokha HimalayasI. Zoposa 20 nsonga n'zapamwamba kuposa 6000 mamita Andes -. Mapiri Wokongola wamng'ono, zinapangidwa pa nthawi ya mgwirizano wa zikuluzikulu ndi chokhala ndi mbale lithosphere. Amakankhidwa zikuluzikulu mbale akugwetsa ku Chile. Mapiri adakali "kukula". Umboni wa zimenezi ndi zone seismically yogwira: kumadzulo kwa Africa ndi mwachilungamo pafupipafupi zivomezi ndi kuphulitsa mapiri. Chiwerengero cha dziko South America akukumbukirabe chiwonongeko zoopsa kuphulitsa mapiri. Palinso yaikulu zinatha kuphulika mu dziko: llullaillaco, Cotopaxi, Chimborazo, San Pedro. kutalika kwawo kuposa chizindikiro cha 5000 m.

Chapakati ndi kum'mawa gawo la America South

Guiana okwera ili m'chigawo chapakati m'dzikoli. Kumpoto chakumadzulo izo mafelemu a ku Brazil okwera, ndi kum'mawa - ndi Patagonian. Relief Guiana ndi Brazil yachonde ankayimiridwa ngati plinth osalembapo ndipo mitundu wavy, ndi mfundo yochezera pa 1600-1750 m. Mu malire mmphepete mwa njira thandizo amaoneka konusopodobnye mchenga pamwamba kapena zitunda.

m'mphepete kum'mawa kwa malo okwera a Brazil lagawidwa lomenyera umodzi. Apa kutchulidwa njira yapadera nsonga. Pa yachonde izi kuima monoclinic, accumulative ndi stratified zigwa. Pali chiphalaphala yachonde. Wotchuka chitsanzo cha Ndinasangalala kwambiri - phiri Pan Shuga Mkate Mountain, limene lili mu Rio de Janeiro.

Patagonian yachonde anapereka m'dera chiyambi chiphala. Mpumulo ndi mchere mu America South yodziwika ndi moraine ndi madzi glacial madipoziti. Komanso m'dera la mgwirizano wa yachonde ndipo m'tsinde umaoneka kudula maphompho kwambiri mtsinje. mitsinje awa ochokera mu mapiri.

Amazon otsika - mmodzi wa zigwa waukulu otsika dzikoli. Ambiri mwa lowe m'zigwa, oposa 5000 meters lalikulu. Km.

nthaka

Kapangidwe Geological m'dzikoli ndizo zinthu ziwiri structural - nsanja ndi South America mapiri, amene kwambiri kumakhudzanso malo ndi zachilengedwe ku America South. Pali zolosera atatu a maziko: Guiana, Zapadnobrazilsky, Vostochnobrazilsky zishango. Iwo anapanga ndi intensively olumala metamorphic miyala ndi Archean Proterozoic ndi Proterozoic granites. Amazon otsika wapangidwa mu mochedwa Precambrian. Wamng'ono Africa maziko malo - Patagonian mbale. Iwo chapadera osiyana structural wagawo, chomwe ndi kukwezedwa awiri: kumpoto ndi kumwera.

madipoziti mchere mu America South

M'dziko America South - kontinenti wolemera kwambiri mu mitundu yonse ya mchere. malo awo zimadalira chikhalidwe cha alili. The madipoziti yaikulu ya chitsulo mapulaneti miyala wambiri m'dera m'deralo. Mtsinje beseni. Orinoco (gawo Venezuela a), ndalama Gerais (Brazil State) - munda waukulu umene ncho miyala mchere wa America South.

Deflections Andean phiri dongosolo akhoza kumakhalamo mgodi wa mafuta ndi gasi. The madipoziti waukulu wambiri Venezuela. Against maziko a ena madipoziti wolemekezeka ndi lignite ndi malasha. Zikomo kuti wachinyamata weathering kutumphuka inakhazikitsidwa ndi miyala ya manganese ndi bauxite. Mbali yaikulu ndi anaikira mu maiko Guyana, Suriname. Kugombe la kumadzulo kwa Africa anayamba ndi okwanira pafupifupi losatha la nitrate (ndi ntchito yopanga feteleza asafe). nkhokwe zazikulu malata wambiri Bolivia.

Koma ambiri a mchere lagona mu foothill ndi phiri madera ena a Andes. M'dera limeneli, ncho tungsten, kutsogolera nthaka, zitsulo zotayidwa miyala. States of America South amatchedwa "dziko la miyala yamtengo wapatali", chifukwa ndi mmene pali miyala ya zitsulo zamtengo wapatali - siliva, golide ndi pulatinamu, ndipo, ndithudi, miyala yamtengo wapatali: emeralds, diamondi ndi zina, amene ntchito mu miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Nde tikhoza kutenga katundu. Atalingaliranso mfundo m'nkhani, wophunzira aliyense adzatha akatunge lipoti mwatsatanetsatane pa "Mpumulo ndi mchere mu America South."