Ziwalo magazi: mbali, ntchito. Matenda a m'thupi

Mkati thupi ili ziwalo m'mimba, magazi, kumva ndi zina zotero. Onse nawo kuonetsetsa uziyenda yachibadwa ya thupi. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti dziko amagwiranso ntchito chifungulo cha m'thupi. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

mwachidule

Kufalitsidwa ndi gulu mosalekeza magazi kudzera dongosolo chatsekedwa. Iwo amaonetsetsa mwa kundipatsako kwa mpweya zimakhala ndi maselo. Komabe, si onse ntchito za m'thupi. Chifukwa ntchito yawo maselo zimakhala kudyetsedwa chakudya, mavitamini, mchere, madzi, mahomoni. Iwo nawo kuchotsa mankhwala mapeto a kagayidwe, kukhala zonse kutentha thupi.

Biology, kalasi 8: ziwalo magazi

Kudziwana woyamba ndi kapangidwe mkati mwa thupi udzachitika pa sukulu. Ophunzira osati kudziwa kuti pali ziwalo magazi. Kalasi 8 kumaphatikizapo kuphunzira chikhalidwe chawo, ankachita ndi zinthu zina za thupi. Kumvetsa ana nkhani anapereka ziwembu yosavuta. Iwo yasonyeza zimene ziwalo magazi a munthu akhoza kukhala. Chiwembu mumtima thupi chitsanzo zida.

Kuti amatanthauza m'thupi?

Choyamba ndi mtima. Amaona ngati thupi waukulu wa dongosolo. Komabe, ntchito yake zikanakhala zopanda ntchito, pakalibe Mitsempha kuti alipo mu zimakhala thupi. Ndi iye kusamutsa zakudya magazi ndi zinthu zina zofunika. Zipangizozo ndi kukula osiyana ndi awiri. Pali lalikulu - mitsempha ndi mitsempha, ndipo pali ang'ono - capillaries.

mtima

Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi dzenje akulu limba. The mtima ali zipinda zinayi: atria awiri (kumanzere ndi kumanja) ndi nambalayi wa ventricles. malo awa onse anapatukana ndi partitions. The atrium chabwino ndi ventricle ali analankhulana wina ndi mnzake mu tricuspid nasiya - kudzera valavu gulugufe. Mtima wa munthu wamkulu umalemera avareji magalamu 250. (akazi) ndi 330 ga (amuna). Kutalika kwa thupi - za 10-15 cm, ndi yopingasa kukula kwake - 8-11 masentimita, kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo khoma kutalika ndi za 6-8.5 masentimita Wapakati buku la amuna mtima -. 700-900 masentimita ^3, akazi - 500-600 masentimita ³ .

Kulunjika kwa mtima

Lakunja thupi khoma minofu anapanga. matabwa ake ndi ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka minofu striated. Mtima minofu Komabe, akhoza kutenga rhythmically mosasamala mmene kunja. Ichi ndi chifukwa nyemba zinkachitika mu thupi.

mkombero

Ntchito mtima ndi jekeseni wa magazi wolumikizira likuyenderera mu misempha yake. Thupi yafupika ndi za 70-75 nthawi / min. pa mpumulo. Ndi za nthawi masekondi 0,8. Wopitiriza ntchito ya thupi wapangidwa m'zinthu. Aliyense wa iwo ikukhudza chidule (systole) ndi zosangalatsa (diastole). Pali magawo atatu a mtima:

1. Matenda systole. Iwo umapita masekondi 0,1.
2. Chidule cha ventricles lapansi. Pamafunika masekondi 0,3.
3. Total zosangalatsa - diastole. Iwo umapita masekondi 0.4.

Pa kuzungulira lonse, kotero ntchito ya matenda kumatenga masekondi 0,1, ndi zosangalatsa zawo -. Masekondi 0,7. Ventricles masekondi 0,3, ndi zina - 0.5 gawo. Izi zimapangitsa minofu kuchita pa moyo.

zotengera

ntchito yapamwamba ya mtima amagwirizana ndi kulimbitsa kotunga magazi ake. Ndi chifukwa ziwiya magazi anakafika therefrom. Pafupifupi 10% ya magazi loyenda mu msempha ku ventricle kumanzere, likulowerera mu mitsempha imene kudyetsa mtima. Pafupifupi onsewo kunyamula mpweya kwa zimakhala ndi zinthu zina za thupi. magazi Venous amanyamula yekha mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga. khoma chotengera tichipeza zigawo zitatu:

1. Connective kunja chipolopolo.
2. Central, amene anapanga ndi minofu yosalala ndi ulusi zotanuka.
3. Mumtima anapanga connective minofu ndi endothelium.

Anthu wolumikizira awiri ndi mu zosiyanasiyana 0.4-2.5 cm. Pa avareji, chiwerengero magazi buku nawo 950 ml. Mitsempha nthambi ku ang'onoang'ono - arterioles. Nawonso, zimadutsa capillaries lapansi. Matupi awa amaonedwa kukhala kufalitsa zazing'ono. The awiri a capillaries ndi osapitirira 0,005 mm. Iwo kudutsa zimakhala onse ndi ziwalo. The capillaries kupereka pawiri la arterioles ndi venules. Makoma a ziwiya zing'onozing'ono magazi zigwirizana maselo za indofeliyamu. Kudzera Susan mpweya ndi zinthu zina. Mitsempha kunyamula magazi Polemeretsedwa mpweya woipa munali mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya, mahomoni, ndi zinthu zina kuchokera ku ziwalo mtima. Makoma a zotengera amasiyana suoneka ndi kusinthasintha. Sing'anga ndi yaing'ono mitsempha ndi mavavu. Iwo kupewa magazi loyenda kumbuyo.

mabwalo

Magazi ndi ziwalo za magazi anatchula mwamsanga 1628 mtima dera la nyama ndi munthu pamene iye anaphunzira English dokotala W. Harvey. Anapeza kuti magazi aziyenda matupi kupanga mabwalo awiri - yaing'ono ndi yaikulu. Amasiyana mzake zolinga zawo. Komanso, pali bwalo lachitatu, otchedwa mtima. Ali mwachindunji mtima. Umayamba bwalo inatsekeratu mitsempha anakafika ku msempha. Itha bwalo lachitatu mitsempha mtima. Iwo converge mu nkusani inatsekeratu, amene imaphwera mu atrium bwino. mitsempha zina ali mbali ya M'mimbamo ake mwachindunji.

yaing'ono bwalo

Ndi kuti, kucheza kupuma ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Small Circle amatchedwanso m'mapapo mwanga. Imakhala magazi apindula ndi mpweya m'mapapo. Umayamba bwalo kuchokera ventricle bwino. magazi Venous chimatsatira thunthu m'mapapo mwanga. Iwo agawidwa nthambi ziwiri. Aliyense wa iwo amanyamula magazi, motero, kwa m'mapapo lamanja ndi lamanzere. Mkati mitsempha izi mogwirizana pa capillaries lapansi. The Intaneti mtima amene entwine vesicles m'mapapo mwanga, magazi amapereka mpweya woipa ndipo amalandira oxygen. Zimakhala wofiira kwambiri ndi chimapita kupyola capillaries mu mitsempha. Ndiponso nawo mu zotengera anayi m'mapapo mwanga ndi kuyenderera mu atrium kumanzere. Apa, kunena, yaing'ono bwalo ikutha. Analandira atrium magazi umayenda mwa atrioventricular kutsegula mu ventricle kumanzere. Choncho bwalo chachikulu chisanayambe. Choncho, mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga kunyamula venous ndi mtsempha - magazi wolumikizira.

bwalo lalikulu

Zimatengera ziwalo zonse za magazi, kuwonjezera pa zotengera m'mapapo mwanga. Bwalo lalikulu umatchedwanso logwirika. Iwo amatenga magazi kuchokera mu mitsempha ya thupi chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi ndi kugawira kwa wolumikizira. Umayamba bwalo kuchokera ventricle kumanzere. magazi ake amalowa msempha. Amaona chotengera waukulu. Magazi wolumikizira lili zinthu zonse zofunikira pa moyo wa chamoyo, komanso mpweya. The msempha ukugawa mu mitsempha ya. Iwo amapita ku zimakhala zonse za thupi, zimadutsa arterioles ndipo kenako capillaries. inawo, nayenso olumikiza venules kenako mitsempha. Kudzera capillary khoma amapezeka mpweya kuwombola ndi zinthu. magazi wolumikizira amanyamula mpweya ndi kupereka mankhwala a kagayidwe, ndi mpweya. madzi Venous ali kwambiri mtundu wofiira. Zipangizozo olumikiza vena cava - thunthu lalikulu. Iwo kugwera mu atrium bwino. Pali osiyanasiyana akumaliza.

Movement ziwiya

Pakuti madzi aliyense ndi chifukwa kusiyana kuthamanga. Ikuluikulu ndi, ndi apamwamba mlingo. Mofananamo, kusunthira magazi kudzera zotengera za midzi ing'onoing'ono ndi lalikulu. Kuthamanga Pankhaniyi analenga contractions wa mumtima. The msempha ndi ventricle anachoka ndi apamwamba kuposa mu atrium chabwino ndi mitsempha dzenje. Chifukwa ichi, ukusunthira madzi pamodzi ziwiya bwalo. Womwe ndi mtsinje m'mapapo mwanga ndi ufulu kuthamanga yamitsempha yamagazi ndi mkulu, ndi atrium kumanzere ndi mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga - otsika. Chifukwa kusiyana chisonyezo chikuchitika mu bwalo yaing'ono. Kuthamanga lalikulu mitsempha lalikulu msempha. chizindikiro ichi ndi osakhazikika. M'kupita kwa magazi kuchokera kuthamanga kwa mphamvu amadya mikangano kutsitsa magazi khoma mtima. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo amayamba kuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Makamaka bwino, ndondomeko izi zimachitika mu capillaries ndi mitsempha yaing'ono. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zotengera ndi kulimbikira kwambiri. Kuthamanga venous akupitiriza kuchepa ndipo akhala ziwiya dzenje monga mumlengalenga kapena m'munsi.

oyendayenda liwiro

Features cha m'thupi ndi mu dongosolo lawo mkati ndi kukula. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tilankhula za ziwiya, ndiye m'lifupi njira kudzadalira mathamangidwe a madzimadzi. The yaikulu monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, amaona ndi msempha. Ichi ndi chotengera chabe mwa njanji linafalitsidwa kwambiri. Kudzera chitadutsa magazi onse akutuluka wa ventricle kumanzere. Ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa liwiro pazipita chotengeracho - 500 mamilimita / gawo. Mitsempha nthambi ku ang'onoang'ono. Choncho, mathamangidwe m'menemo yafupika mamilimita 0.5 / gawo. mu capillaries lapansi. Mwa nthawi imeneyi zakudya magazi ndi mankhwala mpweya ndi kusonkhanitsa katundu wa kagayidwe. otaya mu capillaries ndi amayamba ndi kusintha lumen wa mitsempha yaing'ono. Pa kuwonjezeka awo ukuwonjezeka panopa, ndi kuchepetsa - imafoola. Laling'ono magazi ziwalo - capillaries - awa akuimira anthu ambiri. Anthu, pali biliyoni 40. Pa nthawi yomweyo okwana chilolezo awo wamkulu kung'ambika nthawi 800. Komabe mathamangidwe wa madzimadzi pa iwo ndi otsika. Vienna, pafupi mtima kukhala zazikulu ndi coalesce. Chidule cha lumen ndi kuchepa koma mlingo wa magazi poyerekeza ndi capillaries ukuwonjezeka. Muziganiza mu mitsempha chifukwa cha kusiyana kuthamanga. magazi walangizidwa mtima, amene kumathandiza kuchepetsa minofu chigoba ndi ntchito pachifuwa. Choncho, pa kudzoza kuthamanga kusiyana pa chiyambi ndi mapeto a dongosolo venous ukuwonjezeka. Ndi kuchepetsa chigoba minofu chidule amapezeka mitsempha. Izi zimalimbikitsanso magazi mtima.

boma pathological

Matenda a m'thupi mwa ziwerengero tsopano zatenga amodzi a malo oyamba. Nthawi zambiri zinthu pathological kuyambitsa kumaliza chilema. zifukwa zomwe pali wina kapena kuyan'anila ena zobwezedwa. Zotupa angayambe m'madera osiyanasiyana a zotengera mtima ndi magazi. magazi matenda dongosolo amapezeka mwa anthu a m'badwo osiyana ndi kugonana. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ena zinthu pathological kumachitika kawirikawiri pa akazi, pamene ena - amuna.

zizindikiro za kulephera

Matenda a m'thupi akutsatiridwa ndi madandaulo zosiyanasiyana odwala. Kawirikawiri zizindikiro sizachilendo kwa zinthu zonse pathological ndi sananene kuti kuphwanya zapadera. Nthawi zokwanira wamba ankaona kumene magawo oyambirira pakutchulidwa wa kuyan'anila za munthu kusonyeza madandaulo iliyonse. Ena mwa matenda magazi dongosolo amapezeka mwangozi. Komabe, nzeru za zizindikiro ambiri amalola chizindikiritso yake ya kudwala ndi kukonza mu magawo oyambirira. Disease akhozanso kukopeka ndi:

• Kupuma movutikira.
• Kupweteka mtima.
• Kutupa.
• Cyanosis ndi zina zotero.

kugunda

Amadziwika kuti wathanzi anthu safuna kumva contractions wa mtima wanu pa mpumulo. Musaganize palpitations ndi fiznagruzki wofatsa. Komabe, kuwonjezeka chake wathanzi anthu adzamva kugunda. kumenyedwa yake nakweza pamene akuthamanga, mukubwadamuka, pa kutentha. Koma n'zosiyana kwa anthu amene ali ndi mavuto ndi ziwiya mtima kapena magazi. Palpitations , iwo akhoza kumva ndi pa katundu kuwala, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale pa mpumulo. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikhalidwe ichi akuti ndi kuphwanya contractile ntchito za thupi. Kugunda mu nkhani iyi ndi compensatory limagwirira. chakuti anati kuphwanya wina chidule thupi chitaya mu voliyumu msempha ang'onoang'ono a magazi kuposa n'kofunika. Choncho, mtima amapita ku mode mwakayakaya. Izi zimakhudzanso chokhwima kwambiri pa izo, chifukwa zosangalatsa gawo ali kwambiri adzafupikitsidwa. Choncho, mtima wakhazikika zosakwana ziyenera kukhalira. Pa yochepa zosangalatsa njira amuzolengedwa kofunika kuti achire, ndiribe nthawi kudutsamo. Mofulumira kugunda otchedwa tachycardia.

ululu

Chizindikiro chimenechi silipita matenda ambiri. Choncho nthawi zina ululu mtima kungakhale chizindikiro chachikulu (mwachitsanzo, ischemia), ndipo ena - alibe chinthu kusankha. Mu CHD ululu chifukwa cha osakwanira kotunga magazi minofu mtima. Kudwala MAWONEKEDWE mokwanira bwino. Ululu ali contractive chikhalidwe, lalifupi nthawi (mphindi 3-5), paroxysmal, limapezeka ambiri pa fiznagruzki pa otsika kutentha. A chikhalidwe ofanana angayambe loto. Kawirikawiri munthu amene amamva kuwawa kotero, kutenga malo pansi, ndipo ngati. Chotero nkhondo amatchedwa zina angina. Ndi matenda ena, ululu alibe kumasonyeza bwino. Kawirikawiri iwo wosweka ndi kupita nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Iwo alibe mwamphamvu yapamwamba. Pamene cupping zotsatira pa phwando mankhwala ena zimachokeradi. Zopweteka limodzi kudwala osiyana. Ena mwa iwo ndi matenda a mtima, pericarditis, myocarditis, matenda oopsa ndi zina zotero. Ululu m'dera mtima sangathe kugwirizana ndi matenda a m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, iwo anapezeka ndi lamanzere kumbali chibayo, osteochondrosis wa khomo lachiberekero ndi thoracic, intercostal neuralgia, myositis, ndi zina zotero.

Zosokoneza ntchito mtima

Mmenemonso amamva unevenness thupi ntchito. Izo kumaonekera mwa mawonekedwe a kuchepa mphamvu, amphamvu lalifupi amenye, siyani, etc. Mu anthu ena, disruptions awa ali osowa, ena -. More yaitali ndipo nthawi zina mpaka kalekale. Childs, zomverera awa anatsagana ndi tachycardia. Nthawi zina, zolakwa ndi amalembedwa ndi mungoli apo ndi apo. Zifukwa ndi kumenyedwa (zapadera kuchepetsa), matenda fibrillation (imfa rhythmic mtima ntchito). Komanso, kuphwanya mwina dongosolo kuchititsa ndi thupi minofu.

Ukhondo wa mumtima

Normal khola ntchito za thupi ndi zotheka ndi dongosolo bwino anayamba magazi athanzi. Mlingo otaya Mzimuyo mlingo wa minofu zofunika mankhwala okwanira mwamphamvu ndi kuchotsa mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya. Pa zolimbitsa thupi kufunika kwa ukuwonjezeka mpweya nthawi yomweyo ndi kuwonjezeka kugunda kwa mtima. Pofuna kupewa disruptions ndi zipolowe kuti akaphunzire minofu thupi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, akatswiri amalangiza m'mawa kuchita Zochita. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa anthu amene amachita zosagwirizana fiznagruzki. Wamkulu mphamvu pa masewera olimbitsa thupi akuyamba, ngati iwo atero panja. Ambiri, madokotala amalangiza kuyenda kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kwambiri psycho-maganizo ndi thupi nkhawa kusokoneza ntchito bwinobwino za mtima. Pa nkhani imeneyi ayenera kukhala n'zotheka kupewa mavuto. Kugwira ntchito yamanja, m'pofunika kusankha mphamvu katundu mwachinsinsi chamoyo. An zoipa kwambiri pa ntchito za thupi, fodya, kumwa mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amawononga dongosolo chapakati mantha ndi mtima, kuchititsa kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa lamulo kamvekedwe mtima. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iwo angathe matenda aakulu a m'thupi, ena mwa amene amapha. Anthu amene mowa ndi kusuta fodya, ndi ambiri spasms mtima. Pa nkhani imeneyi m'pofunika kusiya zizolowezi zoipa ndi kuthandiza m'njira iliyonse mtima wake.