Kodi kuyeza kuthamanga mumlengalenga mu Pascals? yawamba mumlengalenga kuthamanga mu Pascals ndi chiyani?

Mpweya - mpweya mtambo ozungulira Earth. Air Kunenepa, kutalika kwa Danga ali wamkulu kuposa 900 Km, ali ndi mphamvu pa anthu a lathuli. Timaonanso izi pozindikira moyo pansi pa mlengalenga nyanja mopepuka. Kusapeza wodwala adachira, kukwera mkulu mu mapiri. Mpweya akusowa amakwiya kutopa. Pamene izi kusintha kwenikweni mumlengalenga kuthamanga.

Physics amaona kuthamanga mumlengalenga, kusintha kwake ndi kukopa kwake pa dziko lapansili.

Mu njira ya sayansi kuphunzira sekondale ya kanthu mumlengalenga analandira chithandizo ndithu. Limatchula za kudziŵa kudalira la kumwamba, mmene pa njira ikuchitikira kunyumba kapena chikhalidwe, anafotokoza pamaziko a chidziwitso cha kanthu mumlengalenga.

Pamene wayamba kuphunzira kuthamanga mumlengalenga? Kalasi 6 - pamene akuyendayenda makhalidwe a m'mlengalenga. Pitirizani ndondomeko izi mu makalasi mbiri ya sekondale.

Mbiri ya phunziroli

Zoyesayesa woyamba kukhazikitsa mumlengalenga mavuto mpweya anatengedwa mu 1643 pa lingaliro la Italy Evangelista Torricelli. Galasi losindikizidwa ku malekezero a chubu anadzazidwa ndi mankhwala enaake. Potseka pa dzanja ena, anali adatchithisira mu mankhwala enaake a. Mu kumtunda kwa chubu chifukwa kutayikira tsankho la Mercury anapanga malo opanda kanthu, kupeza dzina otsatirawa: "Torricellian opanda".

Ndi nthawi iyi mu sayansi zachilengedwe chogwidwa chiphunzitso cha Aristotle, amene ankakhulupirira kuti "chikhalidwe amadana ndi kuyamwa." Malinga ndi maganizo ake, malo akusowekapo ali odzazidwa ndi thunthu sangakhale. Choncho, pamaso pa voids mu kapu chubu nthawi yaitali akuyesera kuti afotokoze amayi ena.

The chakuti ndi malo opanda kanthu, mosakaika, palibe kanthu sangathe kudzazidwa, chifukwa Mercury kumayambirilo a kuyesera kwathunthu wodzazidwa yamphamvu. Ndipo akutulukira, sangalole zinthu zina kudzaza Kusoweka. Koma chifukwa onse Mercury si anazitsanulira mwa chotengeracho, komanso mavuto izi kumeneko? Poti momveka bwino kuti: Mercury mu chubu monga zotengera kulankhulana, amalenga kuthamanga chimodzimodzi Mercury mu chotengeracho, komanso chinachake kuchokera kunja. Pa mlingo chimodzimodzi ndi padziko Mercury wokhudza m'mlengalenga yekha. Zinali magazi ake amasunga mankhwala kuchokera kutuluka mwa yokoka. Gasi amadziwika kulenga cholinga chofanana mbali zonse. Chikoka Chake poyera kuti padziko Mercury mu chotengeracho.

Kutalika Hg wa yamphamvu pafupifupi wofanana 76 masentimita Iwo ananena kuti chigawo ichi zimasiyanasiyana pa nthawi. Choncho, kuthamanga mumlengalenga zimasiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza amayezedwa masentimita Hg (kapena millimeters).

Amene mayunitsi ntchito?

Mayiko System mayunitsi ndi mayiko, choncho sikuti idzagwiritsa ntchito millimeters mankhwala enaake oopsa. Art. kudziwa zoipazi. Unit mumlengalenga kuthamanga unakhazikitsidwa Mofananamo monga kumachitika mu zolimba ndi zakumwa. Muyeso wa kuthamanga mu pascals anatengedwa mu SI.

1 Pa ali anatengera kuthamanga amene amalenga gulu la 1 N, choikidwa gawo 1 mita ^2.

Kutanthauzira mmene zogwirizana mayunitsi. Anzanu madzi ndime anapereka ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi: tsa = ρgh. Mercury kachulukidwe ρ = 13.600 makilogalamu / mamita ^3. Monga poyambira tatenga Mercury ndime kutalika 760 millimeters. Choncho:

tsa = 13600 makilogalamu / mamita ³ × 9,83 N / kg × 0,76 mamita = 101292,8 Pa

Kulemba kuthamanga mumlengalenga mu Pascals, ganizirani: 1 mamilimita Hg = 133,3 Pa.

Chitsanzo cha vuto kuthetsa

Kudziwa mphamvu imene m'mlengalenga amachita pa denga pamwamba miyeso 10x20 mamita ankaganiza wofanana kuthamanga mumlengalenga. Uli 740 mmHg

tsa = 740 mmHg, ndi = 10 m, B = 20 m.

kusanthula

Kudziwa potency m'pofunika kukhazikitsa kuthamanga mumlengalenga mu Pascals. Poganizira kuti 1 millimeter Hg ndiyofanana ndi 133,3 Pa timapeza zotsatirazi: tsa = 98 642 Pa.

chisankho

Kugwiritsa chilinganizo kuthamanga kudziwika:

tsa = F / s,

Popeza m'dera la denga asanaganizire, amaganiza kuti ndi amakona anayi mu mawonekedwe. M'dera la chithunzi ichi mfundo:

m = AB.

M'malo lalikulu mtengo mawerengedwe chilinganizo:

tsa = F / (AB), pomwe:

F = pab.

Kugwira ntchito zowerengetsa: F = 98642 Pa × 10 mamita × 20 mamita = 19728400 H = 1,97 MN.

Yankho: The mphamvu ya kuthamanga a m'mlengalenga pa denga wofanana 1,97 MN.

Njira kayesedwe

Experimental mtima wa kuthamanga mumlengalenga angathe kuchitidwa ntchito ndime ya mankhwala enaake. Ngati pafupi kuti akonze lonse, izo zimakhala zotheka kugwila kusintha. Izi ndi zovuta Mercury barometer.

Katswiri wina ndi kusintha anadabwa kuona kanthu mumlengalenga anali Evangelista Torricelli, yolumikiza ndondomeko izi ndi kutentha ndi kuzizira.

akadakwanitsira The dzina lake kuthamanga mumlengalenga pa pamwamba pa nyanja pa 0 digiri Celsius. Khalidwe limeneli ndi 760 mmHg Normal mumlengalenga kuthamanga mu pascals ankaona kuti kukhala wolingana 10 ⁵ Pa.

Amadziwika kuti Mercury zoipa kwambiri thanzi la munthu. Chifukwa, inu simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake barometers lotseguka. madzi ena ndi machulukidwe kwambiri zochepa, kotero chubu wodzazidwa ndi madzi ayenera kukhala mokwanira yaitali.

Mwachitsanzo, ndime madzi kwaiye Blaise Pascal, ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 10 mamita mu msinkhu. The sangathe ndi lodziwikiratu.

aneroid barometer

Chinthu chochititsa chidwi patsogolo angatchedwe kutali lingaliro la madzi kulenga barometers. kubereka chipangizo kwa tipeze mavuto mlengalenga akuyendera mu aneroid barometer.

Mbali yaikulu ya mita - lathyathyathya bokosi, kumene mpweya amawapopa kunja. Kupewa kukhala cholizira m'mlengalenga, pamwamba wapangidwa corrugated. System boll akasupe chikugwirizana ndi muvi zikusonyeza kufunika kuthamanga pa lonse lapansi. Yotsirizira akhoza anamaliza mayunitsi iliyonse. Amayezedwa kuthamanga Pascals mumlengalenga akhoza kukhala pa muyeso lonse abwino.

Kukweza msinkhu ndi mavuto mlengalenga

Kusintha kachulukidwe ya mpweya monga kukacha akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa kwa anzawo. Heterogeneity wa gasbag ndi salola lamulo liniya kuti atchule kusintha, monga okwera kumawonjezera mlingo wa kuchepetsa kuthamanga ndi utachepa. Padziko lapansi pamene adzauka kwa aliyense mamita 12 zochita za m'mlengalenga imagwera 1 mamilimita Hg. Art. Mu troposphere kusintha ofanana amapezeka iliyonse mamita 10,5.

Near padziko Lapansi okwera ndege ndege aneroid anapereka ndi sikelo wapadera, angathe kudziwa kutalika kwa kuthamanga mumlengalenga. chida ichi akutchedwa altimeter.

chipangizo Special padziko Lapansi limakupatsani anapereka kuwerenga altimeter pa ziro, kupitiriza ntchito kudziwa zochotsa msinkhu.

Chitsanzo cha kuthetsa vuto

M'tsinde mwa phiri barometer anasonyeza mumlengalenga kuthamanga 756 mamilimita Hg Kodi mtengo adzakhala pamalo okwera mamita 2500 pamwamba pa nyanja? Inu mukufuna kulemba kuthamanga mumlengalenga mu Pascals.

tsa ₁ = 756 mamilimita Hg, H = 2500 m, _p2 -?

chisankho

Kudziwa barometer pa msinkhu H, ife kuganizira kuti zoipazi ikagwa 1 mamilimita Hg lililonse mamita 12. Choncho:

(P ₁ - tsa ₂₎ × 12 mamita × H = 1 mamilimita Hg, kumene:

tsa ₂ = tsa ₁ - H × 1 mamilimita Hg / 12 mamita = 756 mmHg - 2500 mamita × 1 mamilimita Hg / 12 mamita = 546 mmHg

Kulemba chifukwa mumlengalenga kuthamanga mu Pascals, tsatani ndondomeko izi:

tsa ₂ = 546 × 133,3 Pa = 72619 Pa

Yankho: 72.619 Pa.

Atmospheric kuthamanga ndi nyengo

Movement zigawo mpweya mumlengalenga pafupi padziko lapansi ndipo sanali yunifolomu Kutentha kwa mpweya m'madera osiyanasiyana kukhala ndi kusintha mu nyengo m'madera onse a dziko.

Kuthamanga zingasiyane ndi 20-35 mmHg pamapeto pake ndipo 2-4 mamilimita Hg masana. A munthu wathanzi Kodi simuzindikira kusintha mu index izi.

Atmospheric kuthamanga amene Mtengo pansipa zachilendo ndipo nthawi zambiri kusintha, limasonyeza chimphepochi chivundikiro motsimikiza. Nthawi zambiri izi limodzi ndi chodabwitsa cha mitambo ndi mpweya.

Low kuthamanga si nthawi zonse chizindikiro nyengo mvula. nyengo yoipa amadalira kwambiri pa kutha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chizindikiro ichi.

A kuchepetsa lakuthwa kuthamanga kwa 74 masentimita Hg ndi kutsikira kulimbana ndi chimphepocho kuvumba kuti mpaka pamene chizindikiro atayamba kale adzauka.

kusintha nyengo bwino zingadziŵike ndi muyezo zotsatirazi:

• pambuyo nyengo yaitali nyengo yoipa pali pang'onopang'ono komanso azilandira kukula kwa kuthamanga mumlengalenga;
• slushy mu ukuwonjezeka chifunga nyengo kuthamanga;
• pamene mphepo kum'mwera chizindikiro ichi limatuluka kwa masiku angapo;
• Atmospheric kuthamanga kuwonjezeka nyengo mphepo - mbendera kukhazikitsa nyengo omasuka.