Kabichi woyera gulugufe (Pieris brassicae). agulugufe

Gulugufe kabichi woyera gulugufe losiyana kukula mokwanira lalikulu. Amuna kufika 55 mm, akazi amakhala akuluakulu pang'ono - 60 mamilimita wingspan. Pieris brassicae L. imatengedwa njiru ndiwo zamasamba tizilombo wowononga mbewu zomera nakulitsa wa banja kabichi ndi ena. ndi njira kulimbana tizilombo zimenezi? Home kuti agulugufe amenewa, kodi iwo amaoneka bwanji kukhala? Pa izi ndi zina zambiri nkhaniyi.

m'badwo

Mu nyengo yotentha, ndipo kumadera a kum'mwera kusiyana, monga ulamuliro, mibadwo itatu, kumpoto - awiri. The akangofika mu madera kum'mwera ndi mapeto a April ndipo chiyambi cha May, kumpoto - ku mapeto a May-chiyambi cha June. More m'badwo ambiri chachiwiri kuonekera mu July ndi August. Agulugufe popita ku mapeto a September. Mbadwo wachitatu akhoza wothira wachiwiri m'madera kum'mwera. Komabe, monga ulamuliro, m'badwo wachitatu anthu kukwawira mwa mbewu ndi moyo patsogolo ndi enawo ndi akhoza yaitali mpaka October.

The mkombero wa kabichi woyera gulugufe

Kabichi woyera gulugufe zikwa overwinter mu makungwa a mitengo, tchire, mipanda, makoma a nyumba ndi pamalo ena. Patapita nthawi yochepa pambuyo kuchoka kwa anthu anayamba kuikira mazira makamaka pa underside wa masamba kabichi ndi zina chikhalidwe ndi udzu Cruciferous masamba chomera banja. mazira wamkazi anaika mu magulu fifitini zidutswa mazana awiri mulu. Atapita masiku asanu kapena khumi mbozi ayamba kuonekera. Nthawi yoyamba juveniles moyo pamodzi. Molting mu mphutsi amapezeka kanayi. sitepe nthawi zimatengera pa nyengo. Nthawi mkombero ndi mwa masiku 13-38. Pakati molts pa izi chikhato nthawi atatu kuti masiku asanu ndi awiri. Pupa n'kukhala gulugufe, pafupifupi, atapita masiku 10-17. m'badwo uno latsopano mazira adagona ndi mapeto a July ndi chiyambi cha August (mu kanjira pakati). Ngati osati wopereka processing mbewu ndi kumenyana anaonekera wapadera woyamba, muyenera kuyamba kukula ndi kukhala mu ambirimbiri. M'madera kum'mwera (Central Asia), ndi tizilombo atatu kapena anayi, ndipo m'madera ena (mu Caucasus, mwachitsanzo) kwa mibadwo isanu.

m'dera

Kabichi woyera gulugufe kunafalikira m'dziko kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Komanso, anthu a mitundu angapezeke mu zone ofunda a Asia, m'chigawo kum'mawa kwa Japan, komanso mu Africa North. Mu 1993 chizindikiro malowedwe a nyama pa dera la Kumwera Primorye. Kabichi woyera gulugufe anabweretsedwa ku Panama ndi Chile. M'madera kumpoto m'dera Arctic bwalo angapezeke anthu makamaka migrantnyh. Ankakonda anthu a mitundu ndi roadsides, m'mbali nkhalango, m'mapaki, minda, madambo, m'minda nkhalango pamodzi njanji mayendedwe. Komanso, kabichi ndi amapezeka m'madera kumene amalimidwa zomera cruciferous. Komabe, kuyenera kuti kufalitsidwa dera limene agulugufe okha zinthu kutentha. Choncho, wintering zikwa aphedwa pa madigiri -20 mu kuchuluka mokwanira lalikulu. Kutentha akadakwanitsira zinthu kwa kukula kwa anthu imatengedwa madigiri 20-26 pamwamba ziro. M'madera otentha kwambiri (pa 35-38 ° C) kubweza pansi kukula kwa kabichi woyera gulugufe kapena iye afa. ambiri kwambiri tizilombo m'gawo la Russia, koma, mwina, m'dera la Siberia ndi Far North. Pamenepo kobvuta ndi kukhalapo ndi chitukuko cha kutentha mokwanira otsika ndi woopsa nyengo.

mafotokozedwe

Kabichi woyera gulugufe ndi woyera. M'mphambano za kutsogolo utoto wakuda, ndipo kumbuyo - chopaka mdima m'mphepete kutsogolera padziko. Akazi Mbali chosiyana. Makamaka, pa mapiko awo kutsogolo ndi awiri ozungulira wakuda mawanga. Dzira - chikasu, botolo-mawonekedwe. kutalika wawo uli pafupi 1,25 mm. Padziko dzira zooneka nthiti kotenga. mbozi imvi wobiriwira ndi shestnadtsatitinogie Thupi woderapo mawanga ndi madontho, amene yagawidwa ndi mizere ndi lathyathyathya yopingasa. Mbali ya thupi limodzi kumbuyo chikasu (kumbuyo ndi opepuka kuposa mbali) pa Mzere wa. thupi mbozi ali ndi tsitsi ndi bristles. Mutu ndi juveniles wakuda ndi akulu ali ndi mawanga kuwala. njanji kutalika kungakhale kwa 35-40 mm. Anthu m'badwo woyamba wa kuwala mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo thupi lawo ali ndi njerewere wakuda. dolly ali ndi mawonekedwe okhota, enaake achikasu, madontho akuda mbali ndi kumbuyo.

chakudya

Kabichi woyera gulugufe wakudya zomera cruciferous. mbozi Young, pali nthawi yoyamba pamodzi, kudya zamkati kuchokera pansi pa masamba, kusiya khungu pamwamba. Komanso, anthu kukwawa padziko chomera. Kabichi masamba ayamba kudya ambiri konsekonse, wamkulu mbozi amalowa kuyenda pamwamba chapamwamba. Iwo kudziluma thupi, kusiya mitsempha yekha coarse. Agulugufe amakonda kuuluka masana. Iwo kudya (koma masamba zamkati) timadzi tokoma kwa zomera. magawanidwe Large mbalame angapezeke mu malo otetezedwa ku mphepo ndi ili kutali na mpanda, m'minda mtengo. Malo aakulu, seeded kabichi tizilombo zambiri zikukhazikitsa pa m'mbali mwa munda.

kuvulazidwa

Mbozi kuwononga kabichi tsamba kuwonongeka Palestina ankalima, turnips, rutabagas ndi mbewu zina. Iwo akhoza kudya zomera za mabanja ena monga nasturtium, mignonette, capers. Komanso, kumaliseche kwa zopangitsa za mayendedwe thupi imautsa mkwiyo pa thupi la munthu. Akaunti ngakhale milandu munthu poyizoni ndi chiwonongeko cha mbalame, kudya mbozi izi. Zoipa kwambiri kabichi woyera gulugufe Amabweretsa zigawo kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia.

Njira ulamuliro tizilombo. tizilombo parasitic

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana kuononga kabichi woyera gulugufe. Makamaka, mmodzi wa yabwino kwambiri ndi majeremusi tizilombo. Chofunika kwambiri ndi wokwera melkobryuh, zomwe ziri thupi la achinyamata mbozi mazira, nthawi zina dazeni mu munthu mmodzi. Mazira mphutsi kuoneka. Iwo kudya zimakhala thupi la mbozi, kuwachititsa imfa. anthu kachilombo bwinobwino poyamba, koma ndiye kukhala zochepa m'manja, kupeza kulocha chikasu. Akafike msinkhu winawake anayamba kubaya thupi majeremusi mbozi kukwawa kunja. Pafupi anthu akufa iwo anayamba sapota cocoons zawo zomwe pupate kenako kuwasandutsa majeremusi wamkulu. maphunziro anapeza kuti wokwera imene ingakhudze mpaka 90% kabichi. Choncho, kuthana ndi ndiwo zamasamba tizilombo m'kati pamanja kusonkhanitsa mbozi ayenera kusiya tiziromboti cocoons kwa kubalana kenako mu chilengedwe, kapena kusonkhanitsa ndi kusamutsa iwo mu ambiri malo mbozi.

njira zina

Kubereka ndi chitukuko cha agulugufe kwakukulukulu matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito bakiteriya chikhalidwe sera njenjete, amene akapsa matenda ndi wotsatira imfa ya mbozi wa. Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakati pa pathologies bacteriological ali flyasheriya. Mbozi amakhudzidwa ndi izo, siyani kukula, kukhala ndimu chikasu ndi kufa msanga. Mkati kachilombo toyesa minofu kuwasandutsa nsima. Mazira Belyanko amathanso adzalandira kamodzi ka mitundu Trichogramma (oviphages).

Imodzi mwa njira zosavuta chiwonongeko gulugufe woyera gulugufe imatengedwa kuyendera zonse za pamwamba m'munsi masamba a zomera cruciferous, onongani mazira. Ntchito dzanja kutola ndi mbozi ndi kuonongeka kwawo. Komanso, lero anapereka ambiri tizirombo. Primenyayutdlya mbewu tsogolo lawo kupopera oyambirira mu nyengo kuteteza maonekedwe a tizirombo komanso maonekedwe choyamba kwa chiwonongeko cha nyama. Yoyenga kumathandiza kukula winanso wa mbozi ndi masamba amateteza mbewu zisaonongeke.