'Kala' ikusonyeza za mfundo zomvetsera

ndondomeko aliyense atha kusinthidwa mu mawonekedwe yadigito. Choncho, kabisidwe wa mudziwe zomvetsera kudzera makompyuta ikuchitika motere:

- mpweya Phokoso olembedwa zipangizo tcheru;

- anaphedwa kutembenuka mu magetsi, mmene pafupipafupi (matalikidwe) zimasiyanasiyana mogwirizana;

- panopa chifukwa ali mumtengo, i.e. pali zitsanzo zosankhidwazi ake (nthawi zina kuti akugwirizira bayinare kabisidwe zambiri zomvetsera).

Chifukwa analogi pakompyuta choyambirira zomvetsera otaya bwino, ndi apamwamba pafupipafupi zitsanzo pa zitsanzo zosankhidwazi ndi kuya wolemba pulogalamu.

M'mawu ena, kabisidwe mfundo Audio - ndi ndondomeko bwino yowatembenuza ambiri analogi chizindikiro mu digito ndi, anafuna processing zina chipangizo yoyenera. Tiyeni tikambirane njira ndi njira digitizing phokoso.

Discretization ya chimango nthawi - ndi maziko digitizing. Malinga Kotel'nikova Lingaliro Lovomerezeka, ndi analogue magetsi mbendera akhoza digitized ndi kuwerenga sitepe ina ya mndandanda apitirize khalidwe matalikidwe ake. Pafupipafupi kuwerenga ayenera kukhala osachepera kawiri malire pafupipafupi chizindikiro chachikulu. Ngati ndi kotheka, digitizing analogue "gwero malamulo" ndi pafupipafupi opaleshoni ya 0-20 kHz zitsanzo zosankhidwazi ayenera idzachitika osachepera 40 chikwi. Times pa mphindi (40 kHz). Zitsanzo zosankhidwazi amatanthauza chiwerengero cha miyezo pa mphindi analogi gwero chizindikiro (zitsanzo zosankhidwazi, ndi zochepa chabe pamalangizo pafupipafupi). Ndi kukula chitsanzo ukuwonjezeka osati khalidwe komanso kukweza kwa deta chifukwa mtsinje.

Komanso, zomvetsera mudziwe 'kala' ikusonyeza akhoza kuchitika m'njira zina. Monga, mwachitsanzo, mwa digitizing ndi quantizer nonuniform, limatchedwa logarithmic. Pamene ntchito lonse matalikidwe osiyanasiyana salembedwa yagawidwa m'magawo ndi mfundo zabwino ndi otsika. Komanso kabisidwe zambiri zomvetsera amapezeka kutsatira yambiri milingo quantization m'madera ndi zochepa matalikidwe (ndi mosemphanitsa). Komabe, onani kuti chiwerengero cha milingo akanali yemweyo monga quantization njira yunifolomu (PCM).

Njira zosiyana akuyendera njira zina kabisidwe. Njirayi imatchedwa "masiyanidwe Kugunda Code Kusinthasintha» (DPCM). Ndi njira otere osati pansi quantization wa matalikidwe a mbendera mwachindunji ndi phindu lake wachibale. Chifukwa nkotheka kuti tikwaniritse kuchepetsa buku wotanganidwa ndi deta, kuyambira limagwirira ndi opareshoni kuneneratu wotsatira wa zitsanzo choyambirira chizindikiro.

The 'kala' ikusonyeza ndi processing zomvetsera zambiri anafotokoza mu pepala ili Pamafunika kuchita kutembenuka "analogi ndi digito". Zimenezi anachita ntchito ndi ADC (analogi ndi digito Converter). Ndi opareshoni iyi, aliyense chipangizo loyang'anizana tsiku mwini kompyuta okonzeka ndi khadi phokoso (Pankhaniyi pali n'zosiyana ndondomeko - kulandira analogi chizindikiro kuchokera ku mtsinje digito).

ADC ntchito ndi izi:

- zochepa pafupipafupi bandiwifi. Kugwiritsa Zosefera, zigawo mbendera tadulidwa, pafupipafupi zomwe - oposa theka ndi zochepa chabe pamalangizo pafupipafupi (chifukwa tatchula chija).

- Kusankha makhalidwe matalikidwe fupipafupi. Chifukwa analogi mbendera ndi ankaimira ndi ndondomeko ya Akamva umodzi mwamphamvu mosiyanasiyana (discretization).

- M'malo zedi analandira Akamva makhalidwe awo wapafupi kuchokera akonzedwa amodzi (quantization).

- Sinthani lililonse mtengo quantized wa nambala makonzedwe milingo quantization (chilichonse mtengo - nambala yake siriyo). Ichi ndi gawo lotsiriza la digitization.