Monga kuchulukana fern. Kodi kufalitsa Mumapezekanso Vyatka nkhalango

Fern. Chotchuka mbewu mphekesera zimachitika ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. Akukhulupirira kuti kamodzi pachaka, pa usiku wa Ivan Kupala, inu mukhoza kuwona momwe izi chomera limamasula. Chabwino, ngati mungapeze, ndipo sankhani duwa fern - kuti adzamvetsa chinenero cha nyama ndi mbalame, mudzachipeza clairvoyance ndi inu mudzadzidwa pamene chuma m'manda.

Mwatsoka, maluwa fern n'chotheka mu nthano nthano. Ndipotu, Mumapezekanso kubereka spores ndipo musati pachimake nthawi. Kodi chibadwa wathu, asayansi adzatha kuwoloka duwa kapena maluwa ena ndi Mumapezekanso ndi kubweretsa latsopano mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kale mwakuti angathe kuti pachimake. Ndi pamene ndendende anakwaniritsa ulosi - Munthu moona kukhala chinenero bwino zomera, ndi adzapeza ndi chuma chachikulu cha makhalidwe. Kwenikweni, iwo sanali kuyang'ana ndiponso akufunikira. Chuma m'manda ku tokha - ndi nzeru ndi chilakolako cha anthu kudziwa malamulo a chilengedwe ndi moyo.

Fern - chomera wamkulu mu dziko

Mumapezekanso Padziko Lapansi analipo zaka 40 miliyoni zapitazo. Kumene, poyamba anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi zamoyo zapitazi makope, tsopano kukula padziko lathuli buluu. Mumapezekanso wakale anali zamitundu yaikulu ndi ankawoneka ngati mitengo zambiri kuposa pa zomera. Koma tsopano, nyama kuti ife timawutcha Mumapezekanso, kotero osiyanasiyana, kuti zimawachititsa mafanizidwe a pepala ndi njira kubalana. Masiku ano, botanists, asayansi ndi mitundu yoposa 10 zikwi za zomera zosowa.

m'dera kukula yaikulu Mumapezekanso. Mitundu yambiri amakonda nkhalango marshland. Ena mitundu ya zomera amapezeka mu mapiri a mizu awo tigwiritsitse kwa mpita thanthwe. Pali Mumapezekanso kuti kupulumuka mu zipululu louma.

Palinso amene kukula bwino pa mitengo. Paiwowa nthawi yaitali zomera kuti ndinazolowera moyo mu zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri.

Kodi kubalana zomera m'chilengedwe

Kuti mudziwe imabereka mmene fern, m'pofunika kuganizira tsamba yake pansi simungathe kutiona.

Ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa, pansi pa pepala mukhoza kuona tokhala anakonza mizere ya mtundu mdima. Iwo sacs yaing'ono imene okhwima spores. Ndi spores ndi kuchulukana inatetezedwa kuyambira Kale mbewu. Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe fern imabereka. Onani zomera, zimayambira mafuta, m'chilengedwe sikutheka - lilili okha nkhani wowerengeka.

bracken fern

Dzina "bracken" mu mtundu wa Mumapezekanso si mwangozi - ndi ofanana kwambiri masamba pa mapiko a mphungu yaikulu. bracken masamba angafikire ku 1.5 mamita m'lifupi ndipo 1 mita mu msinkhu. Chomera ali zinthu mankhwala thanzi - lili catechins, flavonoids, phytosterols, carotene, riboflavin ndi niacin. Choncho, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika asatayike.

Kodi mukufuna kudziwa kuchulukana bracken fern kukula kunyumba? Chophweka njira kuchita zimenezi vegetatively - ndi kukumba kapena kugula mbewu ndi rhizomes woonda kuluka. Pakuti kupatsidwa zina ndi yabwino kwambiri masika oyambirira, koma wabwino akhoza mizu ndi fern, kuziika mu chilimwe.

Komanso Mumapezekanso bracken kubereka spores. kusasitsa awo m'pofunika kumapeto kwa July chiyambi cha September. Panthawi imeneyi mungayesere wotsutsana obtrusit zomera wamkulu, ndi kumwazikana iwo mu malo achinyezi pa malo anu.

Bracken fern wodzichepetsa mu chisamaliro - sikutanthauza feteleza, n'zosavuta kulekerera frosts ndi kupanda chinyezi.

Kudziwa mmene bracken fern imabereka, izo zikhoza wamkulu pa chiwembu munda. Zomera ndi kukongoletsa kwambiri, wodzichepetsa ndipo ali ndi luso kukula mofulumira, ndipo zimenezi anagonjetsa mitima ya wamaluwa.

Kodi kufalitsa Mumapezekanso Vyatka nkhalango

Vyatskie nkhalango. Nature pano ndi primeval ndi pang'ono kuphunzira, kuti, malingana ndi anthu am'deralo, pali opezeka "Bigfoot." Makamaka wokongola si bwanji ndi ulimi ulimi lamanzere gombe la pa Vyatka mtsinje, kumene dera lonse wotanganidwa ndi meadows floodplain ndi nkhalango. Udzu chikuto cha gawo ili la dziko Mipikisano tiered zosiyanasiyana ndithu. Osati malo otsiriza adzaupereka ndi Mumapezekanso.

Nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango Vyatka pali kotereku fern monga Dryopteris, athyrium ndi Pteridium aquilinum.

Pa dziko ndi nthaka nthawi zonse lonyowa anapeza lonse fern Oil. Ndi zodabwitsa bwanji Mumapezekanso kubereka Vyatka nkhalango: masamba wosakhwima fern amagwira ku nkhalango spruce ndi kukula popanda kukhudza pansi. Izi makamaka choonetsedwa kwambiri mu autumn, pamene masamba a fern pa maziko a mitengo wachikasu ndi wobiriwira Oil kupanga chongoyerekeza zingwe nsalu chikhalidwe.

Njira kafalitsidwe wa Mumapezekanso

Ndi Mumapezekanso osati Mumapezekanso. Gulu la zomera zambiri Horsetail ndi lycopsids mitundu. Kunja, iwo zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mzake, koma onse ali ndi ziwalo vegetative: kuthawa (masamba ndi zimayambira) ndi mizu. Iwo amagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti Mumapezekanso, horsetails ndi club ndere kubereka vegetatively, spores ndi njira kugonana.

Ngati kubalana mwa vegetative njira ndi spores bwino ndi komveka, kugonana njira ya mbewu kafalitsidwe amadziwika kuti aliyense. Kukula kwa mkombero wa Mumapezekanso zimachitika kuchokera ku m'badwo kugonana asexual akukula, womwe amapereka moyo kwa m'badwo kugonana.

m'badwo Asexual Ichitu zomera ndi masamba feathery akupangidwa ndi kugonana - yaing'ono prothallia, alipo yekha kwa nthawi yochepa. Moss ndi horsetail wachulukitsa mofanana fern imabereka: asexual ndi dzenje njira.

Asexual Mumapezekanso m'badwo

Mumapezekanso - apamwamba spore zomera kukula makamaka m'madera lonyowa shaded. Iwo masamba, umatheka ndi mizu. Mu zimayambira wa Mumapezekanso, horsetails ndi Moss ndi wapadera conductive nsalu, amatikumbutsa ziwiya.

m'badwo Asexual - Pamene sporophyte ndi leafy chomera ziwalo wapadera pamalo masamba (sporangia), spores anapanga. Y ndi horsetail lycopodium spores okhwima mu spikelets achilendo anapanga pa nsonga mphukira, Y fern - mu m'mapaketi kutayidwa kumbali n'zosiyana la chipepalacho.

Mumapezekanso m'badwo kugonana

Kamodzi zinthu labwino, spores kukula kupanga zarostok - yaing'ono mmera umene uli m'badwo kugonana, otchedwa gametophyte. Zarostok ali pang'ono wobiriwira mbale mawonekedwe, kufika 1 masentimita awiri. Mu mmunsi kumeneko prothallia rhizoids, imene mbewu ting'onoting'ono yakwera m'nthaka. Mu prothallia anapanga mwamuna ndi mkazi ziwalo zoberekera (ndi archegonium antheridia) mazira ndi umuna amakonzedwa. Popeza zarostok mwamphamvu mbamuikha pansi, ndiye atsekerezedwa pansi madontho a mame kapena mvula. Pakuti ichi umuna madzi "kusambira" ku mazira. Ndi pophatikizana awo umuna kumachitika, ndi ku zygote chifukwa ndiye akufotokozera mbewu yatsopano imene yomweyo akalandira kukula, kukhala wamphamvu fern.