Mongoyembekezera wamba: kuti anapatsa anthu chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom?

Manifesto 1961 mpaka kalekale anathetsa serfdom mu Russian Ufumu. Kodi anasintha kusintha kwa anthu wamba? Choyamba, linga otsiriza, chuma wakale mwini malo, pafupifupi chinthu amapeza ufulu. Chachiwiri, analandira ufulu kutaya katundu wawo paokha. Kodi wakhala chofunika kwambiri mlimi? Kumene, m'dziko limene amalidyetsa ndi limakupatsani moyo mwa ntchito zawo.

Aliyense mlimi analandira kwa mwini malo kugwiritsa ntchito, umene barshchina mangawa kulipira kapena zoona, chosiyana ndi maudindo m'mbuyomu. Choncho, anthu amene ali ndi ufulu chawo sanasinthe kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri mongoyembekezera wamba analandira gawo ngakhale ang'onoang'ono kuposa kukonzedwa kutali. Komanso, m'mayiko bwino anali landlords, anthu ndinalandira osauka, miyala ndi malo azigona malo.

Kusintha ankaganiza kuti mongoyembekezera wamba adzakhala mwini gawo ake. Kuti azichita izi iye anali kulipira mwininyumba mtengo wa malowo ndi munda ziwembu za dziko, ndi kwambiri mpweya. Kunapezeka kuti pa nthawi yomweyo amapereka ufulu wawo. boma yomweyo kupereka ndalama kwa landlords, ndi anthu wamba anali zaka 49 kumulipira kobiri yonsene ndi owonjezera 6% pachaka ntchito ngongole ya.

The mwininyumba chifukwa kusintha Zikuoneka kuti kutaya katundu wake - serfs, koma iye anagulitsa mbali yoyipa ya malire awo kwa ofuna kugula Kumwambamwamba, amene kuposa kulipidwa zochokera wake. Anthu amene alibe kugula dziko, kulipira ntchito mangawa ake kapena ntchito mu mbuye kale.

Wamba mongoyembekezera ankatchedwa "mwiniwake" a malo yomweyo pambuyo chiwombolo ndikupeleka anamaliza. Komabe, mwiniwake zonse kunachitika anakhala pokhapokha malipiro a mangawa onse. Tikhoza kunena kuti pa nthawi imeneyo iye anasiya kukhala linga ndipo anakhala mfulu, chifukwa amadalira pa dziko, amene anatsalira ku manja a mumzinda wa.

Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti kwa zaka 20, mlimi aliyense mongoyembekezera kupereka mwininyumba ndalama kwa gawo lawo. Komabe, masiku enieni sizinachitike anapereka, anthu ambiri mofulumira palibe kutenga ngongole, kupitiriza barshchina kapena mangawa kulipira mwini ntchito m'dzikomo. Ndi 1870 izo anagulidwa mwa dziko pafupifupi theka lokha. Pa zaka khumi, chiwerengero chawo chawonjezeka mpaka 85%. Basi ndiye panali chiyembekezo chakuti a mongoyembekezera wamba boma. 1881 chinali chaka lamulo lokhudza chiwombolo kuvomerezedwa dziko gawo kwa zaka ziwiri. Aliyense amene sakhala pa nthawi iyi ndikupeleka wowombola m'dziko lachilendo. Motero potsiriza, gulu lino la anthu mbisoweka ndi 1883.

Manifesto cha 1861 mwapatsidwa wamba ufulu wopanda mavuto alionse, koma kulipira ngongole ndi boma anatsogolera chakuti m'zaka za m'ma 20, 40% iwo anali theka-serf, kupitiriza ntchito landlords kuti ngongoleyo. State kwa nyengo imene inatenga mongoyembekezera boma wamba, wotuluka yekha ndi ziwembu dziko la phindu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 700 rubles.