Mitundu ng'ombe ya nkhumba zimasokoneza: nyama aliwonse, nyama (nyama yankhumba). Features wa kulima

Onse Mitundu nkhumba anawagawa m'magulu zazikulu zitatu: aliwonse, aliwonse nyama, ndi nyama. Kulima mitundu iwiri yotsiriza ya ndalama pang'ono mtengo wochuluka kuposa woyambawo. Mulimonsemo, pamafunika kukonza kusamala iliyonse mtundu wa nkhumba. Nyama Mitundu ndi zokolola kwambiri, zabweretsa ku Russia mu njira yomweyo monga nyama ndi aliwonse, pali zingapo.

mbali Ofunika

Wa sebaceous nkhumba nyama yodziwika kuti mafuta thupi iwo anagawira pa nyama ndi wogawana. Choncho dzina lawo chachiwiri - nyama yankhumba. Ng'ombe mtundu wa nkhumba ndi:

• thupi elongated, pang'ono anatambasula kuti zinafota ya;
• miyendo yaitali;
• yopapatiza rump, kumbuyo ndi kufota;
• elongated nthiti ndi hams;
• opepuka mutu.

Nyama ndi miyala aliwonse amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dziko lathu chotchuka kwambiri. Kukula iwo mochepetsa kuposa nyama yankhumba lapansi. Kotero nkhumba awa akhoza kutenga osati apamwamba nyama ndi mafuta komanso ndi mankhwala wapatali. Gulu la nyama ali ndi dzina chachiwiri - konsekonse.

Kupatukana Mitundu nyama ndi nyama aliwonse kumlingo umasinthasintha. Mtembo khalidwe la nyama wamkulu kunadetsa yozungulira maonekedwe a chakudya. Nthawi zina, nyama yankhumba nkhumba zambiri mafuta. Tikawonetsetsa ku sebaceous - nyama.

Kodi mtundu wa nkhumba zimaŵetedwa mu dziko lathu?

Mu Russia, m'mayiko ena ambiri padziko lonse, nkhumba ambiri ndipo ndi imodzi mwa ntchito chikhalidwe ulimi. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi ndi kusangalala Mitundu nyama monga Landrace, precocious nyama ndi Estonia nyama yankhumba.

Komanso, mabanja ambiri zikugwira kulima hybrids anachokera ku Duroc nkhumba. Mwachilungamo ambiri m'dziko lathu ndi Urzhum nkhumba zimasokoneza. Ng'ombe Mitundu ayipanga, ndithudi, kwambiri. Komabe, izi 5 ndi otchuka. Monga nyama ndi aliwonse miyala, ena a iwo zambiri mu Russia kukula lalikulu woyera, Breit ndi kumpoto mitundu Siberia.

Duroc nkhumba ndi hybrids awo

mtundu umenewu anali mayina 1883 pa dera la United States. chachikulu zimasiyanitsa Maonekedwe ake ndi zachilendo red-bulauni mtundu. Duroc mtundu ali:

• kwambiri ndipo m'lifupi thupi kutalika zolimbitsa;
• mapazi amphamvu kwambiri wamtali;
• pang'ono yokhota kumapeto mbiri ya mutu;
• Makutu ali nawo kuŵeramitsa pansi malekezero.

Duroc wakufesa zinthu Russian ali ndi chonde komanso akhoza kubweretsa kwa 7-9 piglets. Hybrids za mtundu umenewu zimakhala zambiri akamagwira kudutsa ndi krasnopoyasnoy nkhumba. Choncho mtengo wamkulu ali wamng'ono F2 wa m'badwo wachiwiri.

Landrace nkhumba zimasokoneza: Features

zosiyanasiyana wakhala zimaŵetedwa ku Denmark za m'ma lomaliza. Makolo chifukwa zitsulo Large nkhumba ake White ndi pindani. Maonekedwe osiyana ndi a Landrace Mitundu ndi: chikopa woyera ndi yofewa burashi tsitsi lanu liimirire, komanso anayamba wandiweyani nyama ndi dorsal minofu yaitali, makutu pendulous. kutchuka kwake pakati pa alimi nkhumba Landrace mtundu udachita makamaka kupirira, prolificacy, phindu wabwino. Zimaswana mosavuta kuposa mitundu zina zambiri. Popeza kuti landraces kugonjetsedwa kwambiri kuti mavuto.

Fast woyera

nkhumba Iwowa zimaŵetedwa ku Russia. Mtundu anawalemba mu 1993. Chosiyana ndi mbali zake:

• thupi lonse;
• chachikulu mafupa okhaokhayo mwaikamo mnofu nyama;
• pang'ono kuŵeramitsa makutu.

Precocious mtundu umenewu amatchedwa chifukwa cha nkhumba kuzinenepetsa kuti aphe kulemera kungakhale mofulumira kuposa mitundu ina nyama. Ubwino wa nkhumba izi zimachitika kuphatikizapo kupirira. Kuswana precocious woyera akhoza kukhala mu dera lirilonse la dziko lathu.

Estonia nyama yankhumba

Nyama za mtundu mphothoyi ndi kudutsa Landrace, kuleza opindika m'makona European, Chifinishi, German, ndi chachikulu choyera nkhumba. mtundu ali odzipereka onse a mbali otchuka cha Akhristu ake. Mbali khalidwe la Estonia nyama yankhumba zimasokoneza ndi makutu pendulous ngati hams Landrace, pinki khungu, bwino anayamba ndi pang'ono woonda mafupa.

Estonia nyama yankhumba mtundu wa nkhumba ruggedness bwino mu zakudya, kulemera mofulumira phindu (mpaka makilogalamu 330), litters (12 nkhumba) ndi kupirira. Ena ankaona kuti sangathe kufooka anyamata ndi sagging wa sacrum lapansi. Mu mtundu umenewu pali mizere ochepa: nyemba, Sieber, Pirate, etc. Estonia nkhumba, mwa zina, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mwakusakaniza m'madera ena a dziko lathu ...

Urzhum nkhumba

mtundu chinalengedwa ndi Region Kirov ndi mayina 1957. mbali Aika ali motere:

• chachikulu, akhakula mafupa;
• youma mutu ndi ikhale pamphuno elongated;
• kwambiri, nthawi thupi;
• Ndikuchepetsa kumbuyo;
• omasulidwa voluminous mimba.

mtundu umenewu uli wotchuka makamaka chifukwa cha precocity ndi wabwino kwambiri wa nyama. nkhumba Urzhum analola muli kuphatikizapo ziweto ndi luso. Ubwino wa mtundu umenewu, mwa zina, monga chete m'mutu ndi khama wakufesa poyerekezera ndi ana. Kulemera avareji nkhumba za mtundu umenewu ndi 310 makilogalamu. Bzalani nthawi akhoza kubweretsa kwa ana 12.

Large White nkhumba

Nthumwi za mtundu umenewu zinkachokera ku Russia mu 80s za m'ma XIX. Komabe, kufalitsidwa wapadera analandira pa nthawi. A yachiwiri yaikulu woyera nkhumba m'dziko lathu ayamba kawetedwe mu zaka 20 Mu zaka zapitazo. Kwa zaka zingapo anali mtundu okha wa fakitale nkhumba mu Russia. Nyama Mitundu anakulira mu dziko lathu lero, kumene zambiri. Komabe, woyera lalikulu Zatsala wotchuka kwambiri.

mbali kanukanu ndi: mtundu woyera, malamulo amphamvu, kuwala mutu ndi mphumi chachikulu, makutu lalikulu, ndi hams yaitali yotakata mmbuyo, bwino anayamba ndi otsika, pomwe phazi anamuukitsa. White nkhumba mtundu uli wofunika makamaka earliness. Live kulemera wamkulu nkhumba angafikire makilogalamu 350. Chiberekero nthawi imodzi kumabweretsa 11-12 piglets.

Breit-aliwonse nyama zimasokoneza

zosiyanasiyana wakhala zimaŵetedwa ku dera Yaroslavl. Monga obereketsa kholo anasankhidwa Chidanishi Landrace, Large White ndi m'deralo Mitundu. Waukulu amakhala mbali ya nkhumba Breit-sebaceous nyama ndi:

• zoyera;
• lalikulu kukula;
• mutu ndi mbiri yokhota kumapeto;
• yaitali ikulendewera makutu;
• chachitali komanso chozama pachifuwa;
• akulu kumbuyo.

Ubwino waukulu wa nkhumba imeneyi akuti ndi mkulu chonde. mfumukazi akhoza kubweretsa litters awiri pa chaka 11-12 piglets.

Siberia kumpoto

mtundu uyu adagwiridwa m'dera Novosibirsk. Makolo pakuti anali m'dera, osati zipatso kwambiri, koma bwino ndinazolowera nkhumba ozizira nyengo ndi Large White nkhumba. Maonekedwe a kumpoto Siberia zotsatirazi: mogwirizana chinamanga thupi, kuti malamulo amphamvu, kumbuyo yotakata, elongated rump, miyendo amphamvu, komanso anayamba hams. Amtengo nkhumba za mtundu umenewu makamaka chonde (kwa piglets 12), bata m'mutu ndi kulemera mofulumira phindu (mpaka 360 kg).

Makamaka zili nyama ndi nyama-mafuta anyama Mitundu

Kudzinenepetsa nyama ikuchitika umisiri ziwiri: nyama ndi nyama yankhumba. Mpaka m'badwo wa miyezi 2.5-3, ndi chakudya tsiku la nkhumba zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• chakudya - 1.3 makilogalamu;
• Mbatata - 250 ga;
• skimmed - 1 makilogalamu;
• Beet - 250 ga

Kenako, atakula wamng'ono kwenikweni umasamutsidwa ku nyama kapena nyama yankhumba kudzinenepetsa. Zophera zambiri amapangidwa pamene kulemera kwa nkhumba umalandira makilogalamu 100-120.

Makamaka ng'ombe kudzinenepetsa

Oterowo luso okhutira zikuphatikizapo nthawi ziwiri zazikulu. Mu kukonzekera gawo maziko ndi nyama kudzinenepetsa chakudya akupanga wobiriwira ndi zokoma chakudya (30%). Izi zikhoza kukhala muzu masamba, mavwende, nsonga legume ndi T. D. Zima komanso silage angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi udzu chakudya. Mapuloteni pa chakudya wagawo nthawi imeneyi adzakhala pafupifupi 115 ga

Mu gawo lachiwiri la zakudya kudzinenepetsa amakhala maziko chakudya moyikirapo (85-90%). The zambiri ntchito tirigu osakaniza (tirigu, balere, chimanga, Mapila). Kuti apulumutse akhoza kuwonjezeredwa chinangwa. Nthawi zina, mu gawo lachiwiri nkhumba amadyetsedwa mbatata. Koma mu nkhani iyi osachepera 50% ya zakudya ayenera limafotokoza. Pa gawo yomaliza ya "ndondomeko" nkhumba kwenikweni kukusalani zowonjezera aliyense ndi zakudya akhoza kuvutika kukoma nyama (nsomba, chinangwa, soya, mapira).

nyama yankhumba kudzinenepetsa

Njira imeneyi zimathandiza zili kupeza nkhumba chokoma ndi thupi woonda mafuta. Nkhumba kudzinenepetsa wa osankhidwa pa zaka miyezi 2.5. Pankhaniyi, kwenikweni wofulidwa nkhumba. The zakudya tsiku la nyama ndi ndondomeko amenewa amaoneka ngati izi:

• skimmed ndipo limafotokoza (balere chofunika) - 1.5 makilogalamu;
• wobiriwira - 3 kg;
• mbewu muzu - 2 makilogalamu;
• Salt - 20 ga

Mu miyezi posachedwapa, nkhumba, monga nyama kudzinenepetsa, amachotsedwa zakudya soya, chimanga, nsomba ndi zina zotero. D.

nkhumba kudzinenepetsa ndi zokwaniritsa mafuta ndi

Njira imeneyi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kukula nyama-mafuta anyama Mitundu. Pankhaniyi, nkhumba anapha pambuyo kufika kulemera kwa 200 makilogalamu. Pakuti kudyetsa zinthu anasankha piglets mafuta stokilogrammovye. Maziko chakudya m'tsogolo amapanga zakudya zokhala yambiri chakudya. Izi zikhoza kukhala Beets, chimanga, mbatata, mchewere ndi zina zotero. D. Komanso anapatsidwa limafotokoza. Kumayambiriro kwa kudzinenepetsa monga otsiriza zambiri ntchito tirigu ndi chimanga, kumapeto - mapira ndi balere.

Kukhazikitsa famu mu malo oyamba, ndithudi, muyenera kudziwa kuti, chimene mlandu wanu adzakhala mtundu yabwino ya nkhumba. Nyama Mitundu, yodziwika ndi zabwino zokolola, chonde ndi mphamvu, pali zambiri. bwino ndi kudya moyenera ndi woyenera kusankha wamng'ono kupanga famu n'kopindulitsa ndi yosafuna.