Zinyalala nkhumba kunyumba. Zizindikiro za pobereka nkhumba ngati nkotheka. Little nkhumba: Care

Mwachita zoonekeratu mfundo: kuenjezera chuma alimi limayamba pamene ziweto limapezeka pa farmstead lapansi. M'nkhani ino tikambirana pa ambiri ndi opindulitsa maonekedwe a nyama - nkhumba.

Chifukwa amachita yopindulitsa nkhumba?

Ngati bwino nkhumba farrowing nkhumba kunyumba akhoza kubweretsa panthawi kwa piglets 10 20. Kwa chaka iye zimachitika awiri farrowing, pamene ng'ombe ndi nkhosa kotero chonde si anati. Ndipo ntchito adzafupikitsidwa nthawi kudyetsa piglets (masiku 30), ndipo mukhoza kupeza chifukwa cha 5 litters ndipo kwa zaka 2. Woterowo chonde nkhumba imodzi chaka akhoza kupeza phindu mu mawonekedwe a matani atatu a nyama. Chifukwa ndi zoposa chidwi.

Yosayambitsa kwa kusankha nkhumba kubereka

Nkhumba bwino farrowing kunyumba muyenera kuganizira mfundo zazikulu zochepa. Pogonana nkhumba okhwima pafupifupi 5-8 miyezi. Panthawi imeneyi, sankhani wamkazi zina nkhumba kuswana kunyumba. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu - kupeza mtundu wa, ambiri m'deralo. Ungwiro wa mtundu ndi kiyi nayenso. Ngati nkotheka, m'pofunika kugula nkhumba ku kwambiri mfumukazi. Kodi kulabadira osati kuchuluka kwa piglets ku farrowing chimodzi, komanso zotha mbewu pa makhalidwe nyama.

Maonekedwe ndi zambiri mwamsanga. Kwambiri zipatso nkhumba zachitika thorax, kunja popanda zolakwika (Mwachitsanzo, yokhota kumapeto kumbuyo), miyendo amphamvu ndi kudya zolondola. Ngati nkhumba chapamwamba nsagwada pang'ono yokhota kumapeto, kungakhale chizindikiro cha rhinitis, amenenso zimakhudzira pa zokolola. Komanso, chilema zimenezi kungathandize kuti ana. Nsonga zamabele ayenera kuphunzira.

Akazi ndi bwino kugula m'nyengo yozizira kapena kasupe oyambirira. Choyamba, kulima zidzachitika pa masiku ofunda, amene adzazidyetsa ndi mtengo chakudya. Kachiwiri mating kungakhale kupereka mwa mapeto a chaka, ndi ana kuti mu kasupe kumayambiriro a chaka chotsatira. kukhazikitsa zina silidzakhala Lofewa ndipo adzabweretsa phindu lalikulu.

Zamkatimu amuna anafuna kuswana

Kusiya amuna chifukwa kuswana, m'pofunika bwino kufufuza maonekedwe a kukula. Amuna ayenera culled ku zolakwika kunja (zopindika a kuluma ndi kumaliseche chimanga chosakhwima).

Ndi za 3 kapena 4 masabata piglets pang'onopang'ono Ufumuyo kwa chakudya yowutsa mudyo. Mizu pansi ndi grater chabwino, ndiye lalikulu, ndipo pamapeto iwo ayenera kukhala zosavuta kudula ndi mpeni. Kuchokera kwa amake si kuwasokoneza za 50 masiku. Dziwani izi: Pa tsiku lachitatu wa moyo ndipo pambuyo masabata atatu koyenera ka kukonzekera okhala chitsulo, - 5 ml kapena 2 ml urzoferana ferodeksa. Pambuyo 16 masabata, tsogolo wopanga pa chitukuko yachibadwa kale kulemera pafupifupi 40 kg. M'pofunika kulabadira phindu tsiku. Ndi bwino kuti asasiye magalamu 650.

Unamwali wosakwiya ndipo itha pa zaka miyezi 8. Ntchito akulimbikitsidwa kubalana wamwamuna, pamene iwo kale osachepera chaka. Komabe, iwo ayenera kukhala thupi pafupifupi 200 makilogalamu. Ntchito kale adadzonga: pali ana ofooka, kukula nyama yafupika, thupi osautsa, kuchepetsa nthawi ya ntchito zawo kwa kuswana.

Kudziwika estrus

Thupi kukhwima wa nkhumba ndi kufunitsitsa kwawo kubwera kubereka pa zaka miyezi 10-15. Pa nthawi iyi, misa zawo kale anafika pafupi 130-140 makilogalamu, ndipo akhoza kukwaniritsa Kumuyika. M'chaka muli udzu angapo kusaka. Panthawi imeneyi, nkhumba pali kusintha madzi a m'thupi. mkombero nthawi za 18-20 masiku.

limasintha akaleka mu thupi zimachititsa kusintha mwadzidzidzi mu khalidwe la akazi. Iye ndi wosakhazikika, athamanga, amadya ndi nkomwe amamuchititsa Boar. Pali reflex cha kulephera kuyenda: zimautsa mchira wake ndi amaundana. Zinthu zimenezi zingaoneke mwa masiku angapo. Nthawiyi ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri yokonza nkhumba! Ovulation: dzira ndi wokonzeka umuna, adzamasulidwa ku n'kuwasanganiza lapansi. Iwo ubwera pa tsiku lachiwiri kuchokera kukwapula kusintha khalidwe ndi kumatenga tsiku kapena awiri.

Kodi bwino kusankha nthawi akadakwanitsira kwa insemination?

Nthawi ndi mbali yaikulu mu ndondomeko umuna. Chisankho zingakhudze akuti zinthu zitatu zikuluzikulu. Iwo ayenera kuganizira zolimba nthawi-chimango umuna - kuchokera maola 5 mpaka 10. Komanso pali kukalamba dzira, amene amakhudza kuthekera kwa umuna ndi zikamera wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena chitukuko zosalongosoka. Komanso, mating ndi zofunika kuchita kwa maola 6 pamaso ovulation. M'pofunika kuganizira viability ya umuna. Pamene mating ndi Boar wamkazi zidzakhala za tsiku kapena awiri.

Podziwa kuti ambiri a nyama estrus kumatenga pafupifupi hafu tsiku, umuna ikuchitika pansi chiwembu cha. Ngati chiyambi cha estrus chinalembedwa m'mawa, ndiye pamaziko a kaimbidwe zachilengedwe kwachilengedwenso akazi, ndondomeko tidzakwatulidwa yoti madzulo - pakati pa 17 ndi 19 maola. Chiwonetsero cha kugonana madzulo amachititsa kufunika umuna m'mawa - maola 5 kapena 6.

Mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri. Iwo ayenera kuphimba nkhumba kawiri: nthawi yoyamba - pambuyo kuli makhalidwe kusaka, ndipo kachiwiri - maola 14. Pamene insemination ayenera mobwerezabwereza mpaka Mkazi samakhala kukhadzikika. Koyamba, nkhumba kuswana kunyumba - ntchito yofuna luso yeniyeni ndi chidziwitso. Koma ngati inu n'kudziphatika kwa mawu, malamulo, sikuti nthawi yaitali.

Natural chivundikiro nkhumba wakufesa

Kutentha amakhudza kubalana nkhumba. ntchito yake bwino - 20-22 madigiri pamwamba ziro. Ngati kuli kotentha, mphamvu feteleza yafupika ndi pafupifupi 30%, mwinanso kuposa. Cold pansi mu chisanu ndi yophukira akhoza kwambiri kunyambita nkhumba uchembere wabwino. Kusowa kwa gulu komanso kusowa kuyenda ungayende negative. Ndondomeko insemination kumatenga kwa mphindi 5-10, ndipo umasamutsidwa ku nkhumba chete malo.

Masitepe a pokonzekera maonekedwe a mbadwa

farrowing nkhumba kunyumba kumafuna maonekedwe a mwana wathanzi ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zoipa wangobereka kumene. Kukonzekera chipinda - ndicho chinthu choyamba muyenera tcheru. Chifukwa chaichi izo ikuchitika disinfection otentha soda njira pa mlingo wa magalamu 100 pa painti wa madzi. Processing ndi makoma, pansi panyumba ndi zida. Zingakhale superfluous ku makina khoma utoto svezhegashenoy laimu kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga pambuyo piglets kubadwa nkhumba amakhala pachiopsezo kwambiri.

Ndi bwino kukonzekera pasadakhale lumo kumeta umbilical chingwe, burlap, madzi ofunda ndi tincture wa ayodini. mosamala kwambiri m'pofunika kuti aziona nyama. Zizindikiro za farrowing monga kuchuluka kudya, bata khalidwe, kuposa masiku. Mu nkhani iyi, estrus wamkazi zimachokeradi. Isanayambike farrowing masamu ndi nthawi. Iwo akhoza kuyembekezera ndi masiku 110 pa nthawi mating. Wakufesa ayenera n'kukhala ndi onenepa osiyana ndipo penyani ake. masiku 3-4 kudyetsa ake zakudya yafupika ndi pafupifupi theka.

Pang'ono kubadwa wakufesa pakati akuchita zinthu restlessly kwambiri. Iwo mwachibadwa kukonzekera chisa, zinyalala ndi kukumba kukopedwa pa izo. Nthawi zambiri, ndi kulumpha, kenako anagonanso. Tsopano ndi nthawi kutenthetsa madzi, ndipo pa ulonda.

N'kofunika apakati khola. Izi minimizes n'kutheka kuti nkhumba limangolembedwa kudutsa piglets awo. Izo aikidwa mu makina kwa masiku angapo pamaso akubereka, ndi kusintha zinyalala.

farrowing wakufesa

Iwo amaona kuti nkhumba kubadwa kawirikawiri mu mdima. Kawirikawiri mpaka pafupi 4 maola, koma chigweranso kuti farrowing ndipo anachedwa ndi maola 10. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, nkhumba yaing'ono kuoneka akutiakuti pa intervals wa Mphindi 5. Ngati patsogolo ntchito ndi zovuta, nkhumba linanena bungwe pa paddock, ndi massaged mimba yake ndi kupereka madzi zotsekemera, ndi kutsanulira mu madzi otentha.

Pobadwa, piglets ataphimbidwa ndi ntchofu. The zosinthika ochezera thumba makolo. Kuswa thumba ndi zofunika kwambiri, motero m'pofunika misozi dongosolo kupuma ndi pakamwa ntchofu kwa nkhumba mukuponderezedwa. Mukhoza ndiye mosamala misozi izo. Only ndiye Kadulidwa chingwe umbilical cm 5-6 kuchokera pamimba. Mu malo breakage mankhwala njira ayodini. Musanayambe kudzala Piglet kubzala, udder mayi kuchapa ndi misozi youma. Mu nkhani ya kuwonongeka ndi kupopera mankhwala ndi njira ofooka permanganate potaziyamu. Pofuna kuletsa nkhumba kwa podsazhivayut nkhumba ake. Iye imayamwa mkaka mayi kutenthetsa, ndi zinyalala ndi bata. Ngati nkhumba zinthu restlessly, ndi piglets anayikidwa mu mabokosi.

Nkofunika kuti muphonye ndi piglets kudya woyamba, umene muzichita theka kapena maola awiri pambuyo pa kubadwa. Muyenera kuchotsa nthawi yotsiriza, mwinamwake pali chiopsezo chachikulu kudya ana awo. Kukafesa piglets osati wosweka pamodzi mpanda wa makina kusintha zopinga kutalika kwa pafupifupi 15 masentimita kuchokera pansi. Zitatero, ana adzakhala kwambiri ndipo mudzatha kuthamanga kuchokera mayi zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo. Zinyalala lonse la nkhumba kunyumba bata, koma mavuto ayenera kuonana ndi akatswiri.

Kubwezeretsa akazi akabereka

Nkhumba pambuyo farrowing kwambiri limafooka. Choncho, ayenera kukhala akumwa koyera madzi kutentha si poyerekeza 10 madigiri Celsius. Kupanda madzi akhoza mofulumira amanyoza ndondomeko molokoobrazovaniya ndi kusokoneza chikhalidwe ambiri a nyama. Mu nthawi ya postpartum mwina kudzimbidwa, kotero ndikofunika kusiyanitsa zakudya. Kudya woyamba ikuchitika osati maola kale kuposa khumi pambuyo pa kubadwa. Akudyetsedwa kuti wachitatu ponseponse kugwedezekagwedezeka. Chiwerengero cha wakufesa ayenera pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka. Patapita mlungu umodzi, mungapereke ndalama zonse chakudya.

Kupewa kutopa wa nkhumba mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo ya kudya wamng'ono, chakudya tsiku ayenera chinawonjezeka ndi 80%. Mbatata anatumikira mu mawonekedwe yophika, koma masamba ena adzapelekedwa yaiwisi chisanafike kudula iwo. Pambuyo kormozhki ayenera kuyenda nkhumba awo kwa mphindi 15. Panthawi imeneyi yaitali kukonza ndi kusamalira nkhumba. Patapita mlungu umodzi, pamene kuyenda ukuwonjezeka, ndipo mu nyengo yofunda zingabweretse wakufesa ndi piglets. Ali pachiopsezo kwambiri. Muyenera kusamalira. Inu simungakhoze kumenya, kudzudzula, monga zoipa zokhudza khalidwe la nkhumba ndi.

wamng'ono fetereza

Mkaka nkhumba ndi ndiwo kotunga nkhumba. Komabe, zakudya zawo wosweka choko, makala, wofiira dongo kupewa magazi m'thupi, zizindikiro za amene ali m'mimba, woyera, wotumbululuka khungu. Neonates ndi amphwayi, musadye.

Chamoyo ana okha mkaka imagaya m'masiku oyambirira a moyo. achinyamata mlungu Ufumuyo kudyetsa. Tirigu wokazinga si lokoma kukoma, komanso chisoni, tiyenera okha kufinya kwapang'ono pa iye, uyenera kuthandiza mayamwidwe. Kuti mkaka wa ng'ombe piglets zazing'ono anasamutsidwa ndi sabata chachiwiri cha moyo, chifukwa si osiyana kwambiri zikuchokera ku nkhumba. Koma n'kofunika kudya chakudya chochepa kangapo patsiku.

Mulingo woyenera nthawi atasiya kuyamwa

Kuti kuchepetsa ndalama kuswana nkhumba kunyumba chakudya chawo chachikulu, monga ulamuliro, monga kubala chakula mabanja payekha. Choncho, nkhumba habituated kuti kormozhke otero ochokera kwa ana aang'ono.

atasiya kuyamwa oyambirira imatengedwa pansi miyezi iwiri zakubadwa. Mwanzeru zotheka kuchita patatha mwezi umodzi kuyamwa. Komabe, wonyeketsa nkhumba yekha kukulitsa amene amakonda kudya.

Pomaliza

Ambiri, zili nkhumba n'kopindulitsa kwambiri. Nkhumba ndi nyama omnivorous. Iwo amatha timadya chakudya chilichonse. Kulemekeza chikhalidwe cha luso ndi kupanga, n'zotheka iyende mkulu.