Ng'ombe: okhutira mu nyumba, njira ndi luso

"The ng'ombe pabwalo - ochuluka pa tebulo" - kotero limanena otchuka. Home namwino mu munda, pafupifupi wachibale akufunika mwatcheru, chifukwa kuti lactations 5-10 pa moyo zaka 20-25 amapereka ogula ake mkaka. Kodi chifukwa nyama zimenezi n'kofunika kupereka zinthu?

The zili ng'ombe, ndi kutengedwera stanchion freestall njira, amafuna njira mokwanira dongosolo zomveka za tsiku, kudya zakudya zopatsa nthanzi ndi chisamaliro khalidwe.

The zili ng'ombe kuseri

Mu banja zimagwiritsa ntchito lotayirira nyumba ng'ombe: nyama zimasungidwa mu wowala, ofunda bwino podutsa mpweya malo ndi akumwa ambiri ndi feeders. A chofunika kuvomerezedwa kuti kuteteza umoyo nyama ndi kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa mastitis, pansi mkangano, ndi zofunda youma, kusintha kotheratu amene amapangidwa kawiri pa chaka.

Dryness wosanjikiza chapamwamba amaperekedwa ndi wokhazikika podkladyvaniem udzu mwatsopano ndi utuchi. Mu dongosolo amenewa amapezeka biodegradation zigawo m'munsi, chifukwa mu kudzipatula wambirimbiri kutentha, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri makamaka nthawi yozizira ozizira. Komanso pansi ayenera kuperekedwa kwa kukondera pa limbikitsa ufa kwa mkodzo ndi kusonkhanitsa manyowa, kuyeretsa ndi zofunika kutulutsa kawiri pa tsiku. Chakudya ndi madzi amaperekedwa mu feeders wamba ndi waterers.

Animal Care m'chilimwe

M'nthawi ya chilimwe, ng'ombe, kusunga, kudyetsa banja nthawi zambiri ikuchitika momwe freestall ndi odyetserako. Kawirikawiri m'midzi m'busa amasonkhanitsira m'mawa uliwonse ng'ombe tsiku kusonyezedwa mu msipu, ndi kubwerera kunyumba madzulo. Kukhala ndi gulu lalikulu amalimbikitsa yachibadwa thupi ndiponso maganizo chitukuko cha nyama. magulu zofunika kwambiri kulamulira chinthu chimodzi, monga ng'ombe atsopano mu gulu kapena kupulupudza munthu wina kungasokoneze pa zina za kupanga mkaka.

Chilimwe ng'ombe, zili chomwe chimayimira ndi tsiku ntchito mwakhama akhale pa malo ndi kumanga kumbuyo okhetsedwa, amene amateteza ku mvula ndi dzuwa. Pali komanso pansi pa denga chikuku chamwana anakhala ndi lamulo briquette-lickstones - zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika nawo mapangidwe fupa, bwino kudya, kuwonjezera digestibility chakudya ndipo kwambiri njira muyeso ndi matenda kwa achinyamata.

kudya Features

Kudyetsa ng'ombe yotentha tichipeza odyetserako, monga ntchito kudyetsa masamba ndi zipatso infield lapansi. Zima chakudya maziko ndi kukolola udzu, udzu, mizu, komanso mchere ndi vitamini zowonjezera. Madzi nyama akhale woyera madzi ofunda pa mlingo wa pafupifupi 80-100 malita a madzimadzi patsiku pa 1 mutu.

Ziweto zipatso ndi zofunika kwambiri kuphunzitsa nokha ndi nyama chizolowezi mosamalitsa kumatanthauza tsiku, n'kudziphatika ndi intervals chomwecho pakati pa milking ndi kudya. Ng'ombe, zili chimene chimafuna kuti titherepo ndalama zina, ndi mkaka avareji patukani malita 15-20 ayenera kudyetsedwa 3 pa tsiku. Pamene linanena bungwe la malita oposa 20 mkaka ndi chiwerengero cha chakudya ndipo ukuwonjezeka milking nthawi 4-5.

Timasangalala munda: M'masuleni njira

nyumba lotayirira ngati ntchito minda ndi ziweto lalikulu (400 mitu ndi zambiri). Poyamba, zinali zofala mu kuswana ng'ombe, lero koposa ntchito makampani mkaka.

ng'ombe ali pafupi kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ufulu kuyenda mu zipinda wotakasuka ndi malo ufulu osiyanasiyana. manyowa kuyeretsa kawiri kawiri zimachitika kawiri pa chaka; nyama kupereka zonse kwambiri zinyalala udzu, utuchi, peat. Nkofunika tsiku lililonse kutsanulira wosanjikiza atsopano zinyalala, osalola yoti iye zonse yonyowa.

Ena minda ntchito manyowa luso processing ndi kugawikana wake mu 2 zigawo zikuluzikulu: a madzi kachigawo warehoused mu ngalande lalikulu ndi ntchito zina monga feteleza, ndi olimba ntchito monga zinyalala.

Mbali ya dongosolo nyumba lotayirira mwayi yoletsedwa ng'ombe ndi roughage ndi, inali mwachindunji pa ng'ombe kuswana zovuta: pansi denga pa clamps pansi, nkhokwezi. Yogawa chakudya mu chipinda analengedwa mu nkhani ya mavuto nyengo. kutsirira nyama anachita ndi gulu avtopoilok.

Ubwino kumasunga njira

Ubwino wa njira ndi lotayirira-yogwira thupi thupi, wokondwa zabwino thanzi nyama, patsogolo chitetezo chokwanira awo ndi kusintha mkaka. M'mafamu awa, kwambiri yafupika ndalama ntchito ndi mtengo wapatali anaika pa mechanization ntchito, wopangidwa mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono kwa milking, kayendedwe, processing yaikulu ya mkaka.

The sangathe wa mtundu wa ziweto kufamuwa ndi amadwala-ankaona machenjerero a kuswana, chifukwa kuchuluka chinyezi, mochedwa yokolola manyowa mpweya kuipitsidwa, amene chimawononga zimakhudza umoyo wa ng'ombe.

Mu lotayirira-njira chofunika ziweto zovuta ndi kuli kuchipatala umayi. Pali ng'ombe calving, nkhani za zomwe amafuna chisamaliro makamaka samalani kuti nyama za 1.5 miyezi (nthawi milking ake pazipita). Kenaka anatembenukira kwa gulu zofunika; nthawi yomweyo amaganizira ake kupanga mkaka.

Njira zili stanchion

The njira chikhalidwe ntchito m'mafamu mkaka ndi tethered zili ng'ombe. Ng'ombe kusungidwa mu makola okonzeka zipangizo fixation: Homutova, unyolo, Buku kapena basi. Kutalika kwa khola ndi pafupifupi kuchokera mamita 1.8 kuti 2.0 m'njira kuti ng'ombe mwaufulu kutenga recumbency. makola zonse zili ndi zitsulo mipiringidzo, amene manyowa dzenje kugwa kudzera ndowe za nyama.

ntchito zonse zokhudzana yokonza wa nyama, ikuchitika yomweyo, m'khola, zipangizo womwenso:

• zana chala ndi chimango chachitsulo kwa kukonza tether;
• wodyetsa (70 cm mulifupu);
• onenepa;
• njira kwa Ndikuuzani manyowa.

njira Ofunika

Yogawa chakudya ikuchitika mwa ogulitsa n'kupuma kapena foni mu ufa, anapanga zakuthupi madzi-Anachita (zitsulo konkire). Pansi pa ufa, zomwe zili pamwamba pa bedi onenepa 5-7 cm, mipata Amawapatsa kwa kukhetsa madzi yotsalira pambuyo kutsuka ndi disinfection.

Kukama mkaka ng'ombe ikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi makina kunyamula milking. Opaleshoni imeneyi pamafunika ndalama yaikulu ya ntchito yamanja kuti kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe tikulimbikitsidwa kuti phiri lalitali makina milking mu zipinda zapadera.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira oyang'anira

Ubwino atamangiriridwa:

• dekhetsa ndi kudyetsa nyama view wa zokolola ndi zaka;
• matani 5-7 mkaka pachaka. Ndi mmene ng'ombe angapereke, zili imene imachitika mogwirizana ndi malamulo onse sayansi ndi miyezo;
• kuchepetsa kuvulala ng'ombe pa kucha;
• bwino chakudya kutembenuka mu misa mafuta ndi minofu.

The kuipa ndi:

• mkulu kuchuluka ntchito yamanja (chisamaliro nyama, kukonza makola, boma kulamulira ng'ombe, onyamula miyeso achire ndi njira);
• zinthu zolemera ntchito kukama mkaka ntchito makina amene akukakamizidwa kokani makina khola milking, squat mobwerezabwereza pafupi wina ndi nyama).

Njira kusunga ng'ombe: kodi kusankha?

The njira ya kusunga ng'ombe ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za bungwe ntchito, kukama mkaka, kudyetsa, manyowa ndi kutithandiza kuona ntchito njira zamakono zosiyanasiyana za nyama ya ng'ombe ndi mkaka. Kupanga mkaka ndi stanchion yabwino, kuti kuipa amene akhoza zimachitika kuwonongeka mu zokolola ntchito, vuto la kubereka, kusowa yogwira nyama thupi. Izi Cow luso amafuna pang'ono pansi danga, facilitates ntchito veterinarians timatha kudyetsa nyama payekha.

Pamene nyumba lotayirira palibe kufunika ambiri ogwira, nyama mwachangu kusuntha, kudyetsedwa ku wodyetsa wamba. Kusokoneza ntchito ya veterinarians ndi ziweto: ayenera kuchitapo zambiri kupereka njira zachipatala ndi kusunga mbiri ya kubereka.