Mbande nkhaka kuti kutentha kwa. Pamene chodzala mbande ya nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi

Mwatsoka, mu malo a dziko lathu si zambiri kuti akhoza kudzitama chakuti zinthu ankafika nonseedlings njira ya mitengo imeneyi, monga nkhaka. Kukula mbande kwa kutentha n'kofunika ngati mukufuna kukolola oyambirira, chifukwa m'madera ambiri Russian ili mu kotentha mabacteria nyengo. Choncho, chodzala zikhalidwe thermophilic mwachindunji mu nthaka lotseguka n'zosatheka. Choncho, yokonza greenhouses ndi seeding koyamba kwa mbewu nkhaka ndi greenhouses mu muli wapadera - chikhalidwe zofunika kupeza kukolola. Tiyeni tikambirane pamene kudzala mbewu nkhaka kwa kutentha, ndi kuganizira yokonza nthaka kutentha, ndipo ndi ovuta kuvala kusamalira mbewu komanso chikhalidwe wamkulu.

kukonzekera greenhouses

Thirani nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha anatsatira mwa kuyambirira kukonzekera nthaka. wamaluwa odziwa akulangizidwa kuyamba m'dzinja. M'pofunika kuchotsa zotsalira zonse ndi zomera nthaka yapita ndi wosanjikiza chapamwamba 3-5 cm wandiweyani, amene kudziunjikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. processing alipo ikuchitika njira nthaka kutentha ndi sulphate mkuwa, ndipo kenako, kukumba, timathandiza makilogalamu 25 atsopano (nepereprevshego) manyowa, 40 ga phosphorous ndi potashi pa mita lalikulu 1. Ngati maphunziro imachitika m'chaka, m'malo manyowa atsopano, humus kubweretsa yofanana. Musaiwale kuti kuwonjezera ndi masika asafe umuna.

Zitunda mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kuchita kutalika 20-25 cm, ndi kukhala nawo munda monga yabwino. Kawirikawiri, pamene kachigawo kutentha mamita 2 ankaona malo mulingo woyenera kwambiri zitunda kotenga pamzere olondola wina therebetween, ndipo m'lifupi mamita 4 kapena kuposa atsegula mwayi zosiyanasiyana, osati Kuchepetsa zongopeka nyakulima. Koma makamaka kukhuta 2 njira pamodzi zitunda ndi kenako anabzala 4 mizere ya zomera: chimodzi pa mabedi pambali, awiri - m'chigawo chapakati. Iwo conveniently kwaulere njira. Pamene chodzala mbande ya nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi ifika, mbewu adzaikidwa molondola ndi kuyamba kukhala popanda kusokoneza mzake.

malamulo kubzala mmera

Nkhaka mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi anagawira kugwilizana ndi imeneyi pakati pa zomera osachepera 35 cm. Nkhaka sitimangotseka sindimakonda Zachepetsedwa ndi landings, iwo akhoza kudwala, kuletsa mapangidwe ambiri m'mimba kapena kupereka wamaluwa ndi negligible zokolola yonyansa zitamangiriridwa zelentsov. Choncho, nkofunika kukumbukira ulamuliro woyamba wa nkhaka chodzala - kusunga mtunda chofunika.

Nkhaka greenhouses kwa mbande

Mbande anabzala mbewu mu muli ndi kuwasunga kapena kunyumba kapena kale anakonza kutentha ndi Kutentha zina. wamaluwa watsopano nthawi zambiri nkhawa za funso liti kubzala mbewu nkhaka ndi kutentha kwa. Ndithudi kuyankha n'zosatheka chifukwa kukula kwa malo ndi kuloza mabacteria nyengo. Ngati m'dera mapeto a May pali kuthekera wa chisanu, mbande obzalidwa kutentha mpaka mapeto a nthawi ino, inu simungatero. Kotero, kufesa mbewu za mbewu ayenera kukhala mochedwa April kapena oyambirira May. Mu M'madera a zitunda kotentha, si analimbikitsa kubzala mbewu za nkhaka mu greenhouses unheated oyambirira May 12-15. The nthaka kutentha pa nthawi ya ikamatera ayenera konzekera 15-18˚S. Izi - ayenera kutsatira chikhalidwe. Ndipo kusankha nthawi kudzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa mbande, likhoza kukhala horticulturist, kusinthasintha kwa mtunda limene amakhala. Chifukwa nkhaka - zomera kutentha wachikondi, kubwerera kasupe frosts zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri kwa iwo, kotero ndikofunika kudzala mbewu mu nthawi imene nkhanza nyengo yozizira sadzabwerera, kapena kuti pa dzanja njira kuteteza ndi mwadzidzidzi Kutentha chikhalidwe. kwambiri mu zinthu zimenezi, zipangizo zamakono pogona, mitundu yonse ya heaters, masitovu, kapena ngakhale madzi odzazidwa pulasitiki botolo kuti amakhala otentha masana ndi usiku kutulutsa zomera kutentha, pakati limene ili. Koma popeza ife simunamudziwebe okhudza intricacies wa kubzala, tikukamba za kukonzekera zofunika mbewu.

Kusankha mbewu

Nkhaka greenhouses kwa mbande akhoza kukhala wamkulu yekha kwa mbewu mitundu kudzikonda mungu. Pogula mbewu ayenera kulabadira izo. Zofesedwa zomera kutentha kwa nthaka lotseguka, angathe kubweretsa novice nyakulima zosasangalatsa anadabwa - kukolola zochepa kapena ayi. Mwa njira, zolemba za maonekedwe a mitundu ndi zopezeka pa ma CD a mbewu. Kufesa mbewu nkhaka ndi greenhouses m'madera osiyanasiyana kuyambira pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana - kuyambira chiyambi cha April kuti oyambirira May.

Konzani inoculum

Amphamvu ndi wochezeka mphukira kupereka zabwino kwambiri nkhaka. Kukula mbande kwa kutentha akuyamba ndi kukana mbewu. Iwo anayikidwa mu madzi pang'ono mchere kwa mphindi 20-30 - ayenera kukhala wabwino yonyowa. mbewu kanthu adzakhala tiwolokere pamwamba, iwo achotsedwa. mbewu A olowa yabwino kwambiri kubzala. Tsopano iwo akhoza unazokotedwa poika theka la ola mu njira potaziyamu permanganate kapena biostimulant ( "Appin", "zircon"), ndiyeno masiku 2-3 mu malo lonyowa kwa kumera wa chisanadze kusamba pansi madzi. Ndi yabwino ntchito chidebe ndi chivindikiro kwa njirayi. mbewu anayikidwa pakati pa zigawo za nsalu yonyowa pokonza kapena chopukutira pepala ndi pafupi chidebe. Pankhaniyi patsogolo ayenera kunyowetsa zakuthupi, kumaundanitsa chinyezi ndi zikamamvekamveka danga chatsekedwa, limabwerera ku nsalu. Kuti yambitsa njira kukula mu zinthu izi mbewu zokwanira kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu. Kutupa ndi pang'ono adagawana mbewu kukonzekera kubzala, zikutanthauza nthawi kubzala mbewu nkhaka kwa kutentha, ndi. Mankhwala mbale mbewu kuyamba kugwira ntchito.

mbande obzalidwa kutentha ndi

Kumuika pa nkhaka - mayeso aakulu, nthawi zambiri bwino kwambiri kupirira. Choncho ndi bwino kudzala mbewu mu mabokosi, ndi kamodzi mu chidebe osiyana. Nkhaka greenhouses kwa mbande kukula bwino mu gawo lapansi, amene zikhoza kugulidwa ku sitolo kapena wophika wa gawo wofanana peat, utuchi, humus ndi sod dziko. Kwirirani mbewu za masentimita 1.5-2, madzi ndi madzi ofunda kuthetsedwa. Ofunda glaze - ulamuliro wina kukula nkhaka. Kwa nyengo, madzi ndi madzi ofunda chabe. Izi kwambiri kumawonjezera zipatso mapangidwe.

Tikufika doko filimu ndi kukhala ofunda malo kuwala. Kutentha akadakwanitsira kumera ndi 25-28? C. Pamene majeremusi mumalize nkhaniyo kuchotsedwa, ndi firiji yafupika 20? C. Izi kupewa kukoka mbande. Ngati pali osakwanira masana (ngati overcast kwambiri) ayenera kupereka kuyatsa. Njira pankhaniyi - nyali fulorosenti anayikidwa pa msinkhu wa masentimita 8-10 pamwamba zikumera lapansi. Care la mbande ndi yake kutsirira, chimodzi-ziwiri nthawi podsypanii nthaka miphika ndi zikumera ndi kudya. A feteleza wabwino ndi gulu la Mavalidwe wapadera "Agricola kwa mbande." Nice kusintha nthaka mu mphika ulimi wothirira njira peat-humic feteleza. Komanso, zomera ayenera kutetezedwa drafts.

Thirani nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha pa lokwera imachitidwa pamene chitsamba 3-4 tsamba woona anatuluka, anayamba mizu yolimba komanso imachitika mlungu uliwonse oipa, umene kutentha anali adatchithisira kuti 16-18˚S, ndi usiku - mpaka 13-15˚S. Ngati nkotheka, anaika mbewu pa khonde, ndi pritenit pang'ono dzuwa lowala.

Pamene kudzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa mbande

Zikumera, kuchokera pamene kumera zomwe zapita masiku 23-28 zambiri kukonzekera Thirani mu kutentha kwa. Tsopano ndi ofunika kuganiza za pamene kudzala mbewu za nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi.

Times zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi peculiarities m'zigawozo mabacteria nyengo wotchedwa masiku ena ife sadzatero. Muyezo waukulu chifukwa chodzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi khola kutentha kwa nthaka. Chodzala mbande nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha imachitidwa pamene kutentha nthaka kutentha si poyerekeza 15-18? C.

luso kubzala

Nkhaka mbande anabzala kutentha kwa zitsime anakonzeratu anakhetsa njira ofunda a manganese kapena fitosporin. Athetse kuthekera matenda mmera. Zitsime anali manyowa pang'ono kapena manyowa bwino chawola ndi wothira nthaka. mbande obzalidwa ndi kusamala changu monga nkhaka chiyani sadzalekerera Thirani, mbewu kapangidwe ndi osalimba, mizu, wosweka ndi kukhudza wosasamala. Mbande pamaso kubzala choviikidwa mu chidebe cha madzi ndi mphika. Kumugenda a dziko afika yonyowa, komanso kuti amazembera ku chidebe popanda kukhetsa pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi mmera bwinobwino kulekerera mavuto. Podsemyadolnoe kumanzere bondo pamwamba pa nthaka, monga umamumvera muzu zowola, ndi kuvumbitsira kukhudzana ndi nthaka. Mutabzala zitsamba madzi ndi kuphimbira nthaka kachiwiri. Kufunika kwa njirayi, ilo linati kwambiri, kubwereza chabe, kuti wopanga kuphimbira chabwino kwa achinyamata zomera microclimate, kumabwezera mmbuyo kukula kwa namsongole, lofotokozabe chinyezi ndipo akana Khama kwambiri kumasula nthaka pansi zomera. Apanso - palibe landings thickening. Mtunda pakati pa tchire ayenera kukhala masentimita zosakwana 35 ndi pakati pa mizere -. 85-90 masentimita lililonse chitsamba imafunika chithandizo chake, kotero zomera mizu greenhouses pamwamba kukoka chingwe, amene akutumikira kuthandiza zomera kukwera. Pa msinkhu wa mamita 1.7-2.0 kukoka zingwe zina pamodzi ndi kudutsa hothouse ndi kupotoza iwo pamodzi, kapena khoka wapadera.

tchire nkhaka anapanga mu kumukwapula kwambiri. Mutabzala, masiku angapo, mmera atamangirira trellis, ndipo ndi kuwonjezeka sapota padziko thandizo tsinde kudzera lililonse interstice. Pamene kutalika tsinde tikulirepo kuposa zimakhudza kutalika 20-30 cm, kutsina pamwamba pa mutu wake. Mbali mphukira (limatchedwa otpletkami) komanso kutsina mu ndondomeko yeniyeni: nthambi m'munsi ndi maluwa 3-4 masamba kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, monga pansi pa n'kuwasanganiza ndi zambiri zobweza ndi kokha anakoka mphamvu pa. Yotsatira 4-6 sinuses m'munsi mphukira mbali kutsina kunja kuti aliyense anakhalabe zipatso wina, mu gawo pakati pa tsinde la - 2 zipatso, ndi mu chapamwamba - 3 nkhaka.

kudya kofunika

Kukula kwa nkhaka limodzi ndi kujambula zakudya dothi. Izi zomera amphamvu kwambiri impoverish nthaka. Choncho, ayenera kudyetsedwa zonse. Pa-liwiro ndi foliar ntchito. Sprayed ndi yankho michere masamba ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Pakadali pano, mbewu chimamangirira ambiri obiriwira, ndi kuvomerezedwa nthawi kudyetsa urea kapena ammonium nitrate. Kwambiri zotsatira pa zomwe nkhaka zovuta feteleza kusungunuka m'madzi ulimi wothirira, makamaka "Kemira Maapatimenti" (5 g / 1 L). Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti ntchito foliar kuchita mu nyengo dzuwa sikutheka - pali chiopsezo cha moto masamba dzuwa ukuphwera njira yomweyo, ndi pophika yogwira ukhala pa masamba. Koma musanyalanyaze oyamba a fetereza, amene kale amathandiza mu nyengo kukula, ndi pa mapangidwe ambiri m'mimba.

kuonjezera fruiting

Muchulukitse zokolola nkhaka kwambiri kumathandiza kukonza yoyenera iwo mu kutentha kwa. zinthu zotsatirazi ayenera kukwaniritsa:

• Mulimonse mmene salola drafts. Nkhaka ali nawo mantha. Ngati kutentha pa kutentha pamwamba 30? C, ndiye ayenera kukhala omasuka yekha mbali imodzi. Pamaso pa potulukira mazenera akhoza anatsegula alternately tsidya lina kapena kutentha pa.

• Pewani kusintha kwambiri mwadzidzidzi kutentha. Iwo kwambiri ziletsa chitukuko cha mbewu ndipo mwina hule matenda.

• mbande kudzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi imagwiridwa ndi kusunga patali. Kuonetsetsa kudya mokwanira kwa mbande anabzala palibe zomera oposa 4 pa mita lalikulu 1. Izi adzalola kuti akamenyane wina ndi mnzake, bwinobwino, kuchotsa kuthekera chitukuko cha matenda zambiri chifukwa cha kwambiri gelled.

• Pofuna kupewa pakutchulidwa chinyezi amaika nthaka. Mlingo mulingo woyenera ulimi wothirira wa malita 10-20 pa ^m2. Pa maluwa izo yafupika ndi wachitatu, ndi mapangidwe zipatso woyamba wa thumba losunga mazira ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi yafupika mlingo wapachiyambi.

• Pakati pa fruiting pafupipafupi kapena awiri, muyenera kuwombera Zelentsy zipatso unharvested kwambiri ziletsa mapangidwe ambiri m'mimba latsopano ndi kuchepetsa ubwino wa nkhaka m'tsogolo.

• M'pofunika kupanga chikwapu molondola. Pa chiyambi cha kukula mu axils wa m'munsi mphukira 4-masamba ndi thumba losunga mazira ndi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Pamwamba 4-tsamba kumanzere n'kuwasanganiza, prischipyvaya mphukira mbali.

• nkhaka - gourmets monga kudya yake.

Ife kutchulidwa magawo waukulu kulima chikhalidwe - kuchokera nthawi imene chodzala mbande nkhaka kwa kutentha, pamaso pa nyengo ya kukula yogwira ndi mapangidwe zomera.