Memory Palace: njira yokhala ndi mawu pamtima

Masiku ano msinkhu wa moyo ndi liwiro la kukonzanso chidziwitso cha sayansi ndi zothandiza zomwe anthu amasiku ano amagwira ntchito, komanso pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, amafunsa mafunso ambiri momwe angagwiritsire ntchito pamtima ndi kukumbukira zofunikira zambiri za mauthenga osiyanasiyana. Mwatsoka, masukulu ambiri samaphunzitsa mwambo woterewu monga mnemonics, umene umaphunzitsa njira zosiyanasiyana, njira ndi njira zokumbukira ndi kusunga chidziwitso. "Nyumba ya Memory" ndi imodzi mwa zakale kwambiri. M'nkhani ino tidzakudziwitsani za mbiri yake, kusintha kosiyanasiyana ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito.

Kodi kukumbukira kumagwira bwanji ntchito?

Popanda kufufuza za sayansi, tiyeni tikumbukire mtundu wa ndondomekoyi ndi kukumbukira. Zomwe zimalowa mu ubongo wathu zimadutsa muzigawo zinayi zazikulu:

- kuloweza;

- kuteteza;

- m'zigawo;

- kuiwala.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ndemanga, ziwalo zonse zokhudzidwa zomwe zimakonza zowonjezereka zimakhudzidwa ndi maso: maso, onani mtundu ndi kuwala kwa mndandanda, mphuno imapeza fungo la laibulale kapena inki yatsopano, makutu akumva kupukuta kwa masamba, ndi manja "kukumbukira" kulemera kwake kwa bukhulo ndi kufanana kwake. Pambuyo podziwa zonse, ubongo umapereka uthenga wonse ku hippocampus pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za mitsempha - gawo limodzi lapadera la cerebral cortex yomwe imagwira ntchito yoyang'anira ubwino wa zomwe zasungidwa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ndi mbali iyi ya ubongo yomwe imasunga deta yofunikira yomwe imakhala yotetezedwa m'maganizo a mitsempha kwa kanthawi, kenaka imawabwezeretsanso ku malo otsekemera, kumene malo osungirako amakhalapo. Motero, hippocampus imakhala ndi kanthawi kochepa, komanso khungu la ubongo - kwa kukumbukira nthawi yaitali.

Komabe, nthawi zonse munthuyo asanakhale vuto lalikulu lopeza mfundo zofunika pa nthawi yoyenera "m'misewu ya kumbuyo" ya kukumbukira kwake.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Pakufotokozera za luso la kukumbukira ndi luso ndi njira zomwe ogwiritsidwa ntchito akugwiritsidwa ntchito, mmodzi amakumbukira nthawi zonse mawu omwe akugwira kuti chirichonse chatsopano ndi okalamba oiwalika. Zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, zinanenedwa kale mpaka 82 BC. E. Mu bukhu lochepa lachidule la Rhetorica ad Herennium. Njira zamaganizo, njira zamakono ndi maphunziro a chikumbukiro chopezeka mu folioyi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyambira zakale komanso Middle Ages.

Wolemba malamulo Peter Ravenna, yemwe anakhalako m'zaka za m'ma XV, anagwiritsa ntchito njira ngati nyumba zachikumbutso, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu ndi mawu ogwidwa mawu. Ndipo chiwerengero cha nyumba zachifumu sichiwerengedwera makumi khumi, koma mwa zikwi, ndipo m'malemba ake omasuliridwa ndi alfabhe ndi malemba omwe ali ndi nkhani zofunika kwambiri. Iye anafotokoza njira iyi m'buku lake "Phoenix", lofalitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za XV.

Pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro, galamala ndi ndondomeko, njira za kukumbukira kukumbukira ndizo maziko a maphunziro apamwamba a ku Ulaya. Ophunzirawo sanangokakamizidwa kuloweza nkhaniyi, koma adafotokozanso momwe angachitire izi.

A ndale zamakono ndi amalonda amadziwa bwino momwe angamangire nyumba yachikumbutso ndikugwiritsa ntchito izi pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo.

Wolemba ndani?

Masiku ano n'kosatheka kudziŵa ndendende amene adalenga ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yakukumbukira maina ambiri, mayina a mbiri yakale, ndemanga ndi zowona - wolemba ndakatulo wachigiriki wakale Simonides kapena Cicero wachiroma. Chofunika cha njira yomwe iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito chinali chakuti iwo anali ndi zofunikira zofunika mu nyumba yomwe iwo ankadziwa bwino. Mwa malingaliro iwo anadzaza zipinda za nyumba iyi ndi mafano, mawu ofunika - mwa onse, onse omwe akufuna kukumbukira. Pambuyo pake, panthawi iliyonse, zinkatha kubzala nyumba yokhayo mmaganizo, yendani ndikumakumbukira zonse zofunika. Pambuyo pake, njira imeneyi inayamba kutchedwa nyumba yachikumbutso, njira ya Cicero, njira ya misewu.

Zipinda za Aroma, kapena msewu wa Cicero

Poganizira kuti kwa zaka zambiri, Cicero, yemwe anali katswiri wa Aroma komanso katswiri wa maphunziro ofufuza nzeru zapamwamba , sakuyenera kudabwa kuti amatchulidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yogwiritsa ntchito mnemonics. Malinga ndi buku limodzi, pokonzekera mawonedwe a anthu, adayendayenda m'magulu ambiri a nyumba yake ndipo anali ndi malemba osiyanasiyana, ndemanga ndi maulendo. Kulankhula, adagwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza njira yake ndikupereka mfundo zofunika. Buku lina likunena kuti kuloweza pamtima wachiroma uyu wamatsenga ankagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe amayenera kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku. Inde, kukhala munthu wochenjera komanso woganizira, Cicero ankadziwa zonse zomwe adaziyika, zomwe "adalumikiza" zinthu, zoona, ndi zina zotero kwa iye, ndi zina zotero.

Mbiri yachipembedzo

M'zaka za m'ma 500, makamaka panthawi ya Khoti Lalikulu la Malamulo, vuto la kukumbukira mabuku ochuluka kwambiri linali lovuta kwa atumiki a tchalitchi. Odzipereka panthawiyo ankafunikira kudziwa Malemba Opatulika ndi mapemphero, komanso kukumbukira mitundu yonse, mitundu ya chiwerewere, machimo, komanso ngakhale zizindikiro za mfiti ... Panthawi ino kuti mzere umakhala malo obisika a chidziwitso. Munthu wokhoza kuphunzitsa ena kukumbukira zinthu zonse zofunika kwambiri adayamikiridwa kwambiri panthawiyo. N'zosatheka kuti ansembe a Katolika a m'nthaŵi imeneyo awerenge kapena kumva za maonekedwe ngati nyumba yachikumbutso kapena njira ya Cicero. Iwo anabwera ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito njira yofanana, yotchedwa masewero okumbukira. Maganizowa adalenga chipinda chokhala ndi makoma anai, omwe anali ndi zigawo zambirimbiri okhala ndi mipando yambiri. Pokwaniritsa "masewera" oterewa, atsogoleri achipembedzo adakumbukira zonse zachipembedzo zomwe anafunikira. Giulio Camillo anapita patsogolo ndikupanga zisudzo zenizeni, zomangidwa ndi matabwa, zomwe adaperekedwa kwa mfumu ya France. Apo pakhoza kukhala anthu awiri: Camillo mwini ndi mfumu, kumene bwanamkubwa anafotokozera momwe angakumbukire chirichonse, chirichonse.

Nchiyani chinapangitsa Matteo Ricci kutchuka?

Chikatolika chakumadzulo chinali chotchuka chifukwa cha chikhumbo cha "kutsogolera" chikhulupiriro chake "chowonadi" anthu omwe amati ndi zipembedzo zina. Mmodzi wa amishonale achikatolika ku China m'zaka za zana la 16 anali Yesuit Matteo Ricci. Anali munthu wophunzira m'nthaŵi yake: katswiri wa masamu ndi wojambula zithunzi, wotanthauzira yemwe anatha kukhazikitsa nthawi yoyamba mgwirizano wa chikhalidwe pakati pa chi China ndi Christian Europe. Kuwonjezera apo, mbiriyakale dzina lake linasungidwanso chifukwa cha luso labwino kwambiri, chifukwa cha zomwe adakhala woyamba, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri yekhayo wa ku Ulaya amene anatha kupirira ku China kukayezetsa kuti apeze ofesi yapamwamba.

Mitu ya Yesuit

Kwa zaka khumi Ricci, yemwe amatchedwa Li Ma-do ku China, sankangodziwa chinenero cha Chitchaina komanso mayiko ena, komanso kuti akhale munthu wanzeru kwambiri komanso wophunzira. Mwa ichi iye anathandizidwa osati maphunziro okhawo, komanso ndi kukhala ndi a Yesuit mnemotechnics, kumene anaphunzitsa Achi China. Nyumba yachikumbutso Matteo Ricci inamangidwa pambali ya kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika pakukumbutsa. Pa milandu yovuta kwambiri, nyumbayi ikhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyana ndi kukula kwa nyumba, zogwirizana. Ricci ankakhulupirira kuti ngati mukukumbukira bwino, simungagwiritse ntchito nyumba zachifumu zokha, komanso maofesi osiyanasiyana ndi ma temples, mapepala a zokongoletsera komanso nyumba za anthu. Anali mu nyumba yachikumbutso yotereyi ndipo adapatsa ophunzira ake achi China kuti aziyika mafano ndi mfundo zofunikira kuti aziwaloweza. Anthu a ku China adagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe akufuna, koma sanapite ku Chikatolika. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Mabuddha amasiku ano amalemekeza Matteo Ricci monga mulungu woweruza wa alonda onse - Li Ma-do.

Kodi chikhalidwe cha njirayi ndi chiyani?

Mosasamala dzina la masewero awa - njira yothandizira mafano kapena malo, njira ya matrices kapena malo ojambula, nyumba yachikumbutso kapena maholo a malingaliro, maziko a mphamvu yake nthawi zonse amakhala ofanana. Munthu amapanga malingaliro a malo omwe amadziwika bwino komanso omasuka, kaya ndi malo ogona a ophunzira kapena Hall of the Hermitage, ofesi ya ntchito kapena ofesi yapamwamba ya DooM kapena Heroes of Power and Magic. Zomwe zimayenera kukumbukiridwa zimakhala zojambula zojambulidwa bwino, zomwe zimaikidwa mwa munthu wobwereranso m'maganizo, malo odziwika bwino ndi okondweretsa. Pamene mukufunikira kukumbukira mfundo inayake, kumbukirani komwe mumayikamo, ndikubwezeretsani ku malo achikumbutso, nyumba yanu kapena mlingo wa masewera a pakompyuta.

Njira zamaganizo

Njira zamakono monga nyumba yachikumbutso kapena njira ya locus zimagwiritsa ntchito kusinthidwa kwa zidziwitso ndi zolemba pamtima pazithunzi zooneka bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zokhudzana ndi malo ena ofunika kwambiri komanso omveka bwino. Chifukwa cha malingaliro oterowo, ubongo umapanga mgwirizanowu watsopano ndi mayanjano pakati pa chidziwitso chomwe chiyenera kukumbukiridwa ndiyeno chibweretsedwe, ndi chithunzi cha malo amodzi kapena malo ena. Chifukwa cha ichi, chifukwa cha kuwonetsa mwachidwi ndi chitukuko cha kugwirizana kwa anthu , kukumbukira anthu kukukulirakulira.

Momwe mungamange nyumba yachikumbutso?

Ngati mukufunikira kukumbukira ndi kusunga, komanso kuti mukhale ndi intaneti pazomwe mukuzidziwitsa komanso kuti mudziwe zambiri, mukhoza kumanga "maholo osungira" anu. Poyambirira, kungodziwa njirayi, ndibwino kuti mudziwe nokha ku chipinda chaching'ono komanso chodziwika bwino, mwachitsanzo, chipinda chanu. Kotero, ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti "mumange" nyumba yanu yachikumbutso? Njirayi ndi yosavuta, apa pali njira zofunikira:

1. Sankhani ndi nyumba yanu yachikumbutso. Poyambirira, kuti asokoneze kukumbukira, pangakhale kokwanira kwa desiki ndi kabuku. Ngati sikokwanira, ndiye kuti mungagwiritse ntchito mipando ndi malo onse. Mmalo mwa chipinda, mukhoza "kumanga" mfundo pamsewu wopita ku sukulu kapena ntchito. Nyumba yachikumbutso kapena njira ya locus imagwira ntchito bwino, kukulolani kuti muikepo mfundo zambiri pamtima pamene malo osamveka ndi olondola komanso olondola.

2. Kuyika njira. Podzipanga nokha "nyumba" yaumwini, ndikofunikira kulingalira pa njira za kuyenda kwanu pa izo. Ngati mukufunikira kukumbukira zomwe mwalembazo, ndiye kuti njira yoyendayenda iyenera kukhala yosavuta komanso makamaka yosavuta. Njira yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito malingaliro ndi njira yomweyi yomwe ilipo. Mwachitsanzo, kulowa mu chipinda choyamba mukuwona TV, ndiye sofa, ndipo pokhapokha - malo ogwira ntchito.

3. Sankhani yosungirako. Gawo lofunikira kwambiri, popeza kugwiritsa ntchito njira (kukumbukira / maganizo a nyumba) muyenera kuyika manambala onse ofunikira, zenizeni ndikuyitana m'malo awa. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti chinthu chimodzi chingapangidwe lingaliro limodzi, mwinamwake kusokonezeka kuli kotheka, ndipo njirayo idzakhala yopanda phindu. Ndikofunika kuti zinthuzo zikhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake, kotero zidzakhala zosavuta kukumbukira.

4. Kumbukirani: nyumba yachikumbutso ndi njira yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino ngati mumadziwa nyumba yachifumu yomwe munalenga monga zala zanu zisanu ndikukumbukira zonse zomwe zili pamtima. Amene amachita njira iyi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kujambula kujambula kwa malo ogulitsira malingaliro ndikuwonetsa pa malo omwe mfundozo zasungidwa. Mwa kutsimikizira chithunzi chomwe chili ndi dera limene mwakokera, mukhoza kuwona momwe mwangomangirizira pafupi ndi chinthucho.

Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji?

Koma apa ndondomeko yonse yokonzekera yatha, ndipo potsiriza, nyumba yanu yachikumbutso ndi yokonzekera kukumbukira. Njira yokwaniritsira izo ndi yophweka: muyenera kulemba pang'ono zazingaliro pa phunziro lirilonse. Makhalidwe ambiri - ndi abwino. Tangoganizani fungo, mtundu, kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka chinthu chilichonse, perekani mtundu wa maonekedwe. Ngati muyenera kuloweza pamtima chidziwitso chochuluka, kenaka ikani zinthu zofanana, ndikuzigwirizanitsa pamodzi. Zowonjezereka komanso zopanda pake zinsinsi ndi zithunzi zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito zidzakhala zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, Polar Bear ku Valenka kukula kwake 6 Kukula kukuthandizani kukumbukira mosavuta mtundu ndi mtundu wa supercar watsopano kuchokera ku nkhaŵa yotchuka.

M'malo momaliza

Sikofunika kuyembekezera kuti nyumba zachikumbutso ndizosavuta komanso mwamsanga kukonzekera kafukufuku kapena kugwira ntchito. Ndipotu, iyi ndi njira yotsika mtengo, chifukwa ndizotheka kusintha malingaliro. Izi ndizokhalitsa kuthana ndi nthawi zonse, nthawi zonse kuphunzitsa malingaliro anu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukumbukira. Mungayambe pang'ono - kuchokera kuntchito kwanu kapena chipinda. Chinthu chachikulu ndichokuti "kukumbukira" kulikonse kumalo ake, chifukwa ndiye zidzakhala zophweka kupeza. Anthu akale adanena kuti kupitako kudzadziwika bwino ndikupita, kotero mwina ndi nthawi yoti mupite?