Maziko chimango nyumba ndi manja ake. Mitundu ya maziko, mawerengedwe, kumanga

Kumanga nyumba zambiri m'malo kugula nyumba ya. Pa mtengo wa mitundu ya nyumba pafupifupi ofanana, koma mu nkhani ya kumanga chimango bajeti kanyumba angapulumutse kwambiri. Onse ntchito pa ndondomeko ya chipangizo - kuchokera ku maziko padenga - mukhoza anu, podziwa sayansi. Kumanga maziko a chimango nyumba ndi manja awo sadzakhala zovuta, ngakhale munthu amene kale kuchita zinthu zofanana. M'nkhaniyi tiona mitundu, njira yomanga ndi kuthekera kwa mtundu winawake wa gawo lapansi kwa nkhani iliyonse.

ndi chimango kanyumba Kodi

opepuka yomanga luso nyumba zamakono anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku mayiko a America. dzina lawo ena - Canada. M'mayikowa, ambiri a nyumba wakunja kwatawuni anapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, yomwe yilungamitsidwa ndithu: ndi panyumba ofunda, motetezeka kutumikira kwa zaka zambiri, ndi wotsika mtengo kudya inaimika. Mu Russia, awa zinthu ndi zochepa zapitazi (pafupifupi 15 zapitazo), koma mwachangu kupeza kutchuka chifukwa makhalidwe ake.

Sayansi ya kumanga chimango ndi chimango-gulu nyumba chiri motere:

1. Anakonza pa maziko anapereka makoma ofukula chimango zopangidwa matabwa matabwa wozungulira lapansi.
2. Mudzaze danga pakati pa njanji mapanelo sangweji kapena matabwa a OSB ndi kutchinjiriza.
3. Sheathe malinga ndi zipangizo wapakamwa kuwamaliza.

Choncho, ntchito yomanga mpanda analandira zophweka kwambiri. Kodi bwino maziko a chimango nyumba? Ayi si amphamvu, si koyenera. Izi amapulumutsa osati kumanga nthawi, komanso ndalama zipangizo ndi ntchito.

Kodi pali njira imodzi?

Palibe yankho lenileni la funso la pyadidi kwa maziko chimango nyumba. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zomangamanga opepuka, ntchito yomwe ndi mulingo woyenera pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. M'munsi kungakhale:

• mulu;
• tepi;
• columnar;
• melkozaglublennym;
• MDF.

Zipangizo maziko ntchito zosiyanasiyana:

• konkire;
• konkire;
• mtengo.

Choncho, chipangizo ili pansi pa nyumba maziko angakhale angapo. kusankha zimakhudza:

• kukula kwa nyumba;
• Pansi;
• akuya yozizira koopsa nthaka;
• kukhalapo pansi;
• mtundu nthaka: kusuntha, yonyowa, yomata, olimba;
• kukhalapo / pakalibe chapansi.

Maziko abwino kwa wina chimango nyumba kuti amaganizira zina zabwino zonse ntchito yomanga ndi zinthu miyala. Molondola osankhidwa m'munsi lidzakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kupulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama.

Kudziwa makhalidwe m'munsi

Sitepe yoyamba ndi kudziwa mtundu wa dothi pa malo a ntchito yomanga akufuna. Njira yabwino - kuyitanitsa Geological zomangamanga. Akatswiri zidzandizindikiritsa:

• mtundu enieni dothi ndi makhalidwe ake;
• kupezeka pansi, ndi khalidwe lawo;
• malo dongosolo zochokera kusiyana msinkhu ndi makhalidwe alili.

Komabe, ndimasangalala ndi mtengo ndipo kumafunika nthawi. Njira ina - kupeza anansi m'derali yomwe kale yofunsira utumiki woteroyo ali m'manja mwa zotsatira Kupenda m'gawo lake. Monga ulamuliro, makhalidwe nthaka mu dera limodzi ndi katundu yemweyo.

Ngati mnansi omaliza sanapezeke, mungayesere kudziwa mtundu wa dothi paokha. Kuti tichite zimenezi, tsatani ndondomeko izi:

1. Kumbani dzenje kuti akuya chisanu malowedwe m'chigawo. Angapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito khadi.
2. Santhulani kagawo nthaka pa mbali linga la dzenje.

• dothi miyala ndi miyala ndi miyala m'munsi. Iwo ali ndithu amphamvu ndipo amatha kupirira chinthu chilichonse osati kusunga madzi (pakalibe likhale la wambirimbiri dongo).
• Large gravelly mchenga ndi dothi komanso amakhala otsika distending ndi amphamvu m'munsi.
• Chabwino mchenga dothi - osati njira yabwino yomanga. Iwo kusunga madzi omwe amaundana mu zigawo chapamwamba ndi maziko ntchito pa pusher ndi kuchepa unsembe. Mundawu amatchedwa chikhamu.

• Loam ndi dongo - mtundu ambiri kusalabadira kwa nthaka. sayenda awo ndi deliquescence zimadalira kutalika kwa madzi mobisa. Koma ngakhale ajombera zambiri chinyezi chokwanira mvula. Pa malo ndi dothi chotero anapanga puddles lalikulu monga madzi mu nthaka amapita pang'onopang'ono.

Mtundu ndi kuya maziko opepuka chimango nyumba zimadalira zinthu Geological za gawolo.

Ife kuganizira mozama za malowedwe chisanu

Mbali imeneyi ndi zogwirizana ndi dothi poyera heave. Thanthwe lomwe madzi si kukhala mu nyengo iliyonse, ndi maziko olimba, motsutsana ndi zabwino mchenga ndi dongo dothi. Pamaso pa kuya lomaliza la maziko ayenera kukhala woposa mtengo wa yozizira koopsa, ndiye iye adzakhoza adzatsekeredwa logwirana nyumbayi mu malo amodzi ndi udindo. Izi ndi kuteteza subsidence m'goli la nyumba kuti akhoza kuswa kukhulupirika kwa nyumba, kwe kapena ndalama zikuluzikulu kukonza.

M'pofunikanso kufunsira za kupezeka pansi. Ngati iwo alipo, muyenera kupeza njira kuthana nawo kapena akonzekeretse dongosolo mu njira yakuti iye anali kuyima mu chilengedwe chinyezi ndi pansi chikhamu amphamvu. Kuya kwa yozizira koopsa nthaka si nawo mawerengedwe mulu maziko.

Tingadziwe kukonza

Pamaziko a ntchito kudziwa mtundu wa dothi ndi akuya yozizira koopsa ake, mukhoza kusankha ntchito yomanga maziko a chimango nyumba ndi mulingo woyenera malo anapatsidwa.

1. Pa dothi dongo ndi mchenga chabwino mulu maziko. Iwo atakhazikitsa dongosolo amphamvu mu zigawo pansipa mlingo pansi.
2. Pa loam silnopuchinistyh ndi silty miyala slab maziko ntchito bwino ndi zofunda bwino. Iwo ndi mbali ya "maboti" kuti akhoza kukhala wolimba ndi kusunga nyumba ndege yemweyo mu malo kumanga.
3. Rock, matope, gravelly dothi okha kutumikira monga maziko olimba Choncho, musati amafuna maziko olimba - tepi, ndipo columnar melkozaglublennogo zokwanira.

Mu kukhalapo kwa pansi kusankha mitundu yeniyeni ya madzi zosagwira konkire ndi ntchito zina makoma kumatira maziko. Ngati mlingo pansi ndi mkulu, ayenera anasiya chapansi. Komanso, m'pofunika kukonza dongosolo ngalande kuzungulira malo, kapena mwachindunji pa nyumba: pa kukafika kutsogolo kwa ngalande anakumba ndi madzimadzi ake owonjezera zimapita mu malangizo ankafuna.

Waukulu magawo bwino. Kenako, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane mfundo za kapangidwe ka yosiyanasiyana ya maziko ndi njira ya unsembe.

Mulu-maziko rostverkovy

Mtundu wa ambiri, konsekonse mu ntchito. Popeza Russia si hardwoods wolemera amachuluka mu ambiri a dothi chikhamu amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana ya chisanu, kumangira nyumba zolinga zosiyana, ndipo ntchito nambala ya storeys mulu maziko. Zitsulo kudutsa kwambiri mu nthaka ndi amapezeka pa malekezero m'munsi mwa zigawo wandiweyani. Chifukwa yomanga limeneri lagona pa iwo, iwo dwi pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.

Kukonza mulu maziko a chimango nyumba ndi manja awo, poyamba awerengere nambala ya zipilala tikukonza. Kuchita izi:

1. Yang'anani pa ntchitoyi, ngati aliyense. Ngati ayi, onani pansipa.
2. Jambulani kukafika kutsogolo kwa nyumba m'tsogolo pepala onga. Chongani mfundo kutenga malo (ku ngodya zonse za m'munda wa conjugation makoma pa wozungulira njira mamita 1.5-2). Popeza chimango nyumba ali ndi kulemera otsika, structural zolimba, si kuti ndi kuthi, choncho yokwanira kuchita dongosolo losavuta.
3. Awerenge chiwerengero cha mfundo n'kuchiumba.

Chotsatira adzakhala kusankha kuwunjikana ntchito: okonzeka zopangidwa analimbitsa simenti kapena mankhwala wononga ku zomera kapena ndakhuta mu anamaliza bwino pa chiwembu chawo.

1. mizati okonzeka chinakula ntchito yoika wapadera. Iwo anagonjetsedwa ndi chizindikiro anakhumba m'madera yoikidwiratu, ndiye kudula kumalekezero otsala a msinkhu. Kuti magawowa nyumba zokwanira kugula mulu ndi osachepera-gawo mtanda.
2. Kagwere kumanga zitsulo amathandiza chipangizo wapadera.
3. Ngati mwaganiza chipangizo kudziletsa galimoto, choyamba zokolola kuboola malo amene ayenera kukhala onse chifukwa bata. kuya zimadalira zinthu Geological a m'deralo. M'pofunika kufika m'munsi olimba. Kenako mukhale M'mimbamo mu kumatira chuma, mwachitsanzo, chubu dzenje kapena adagulung'undisa denga zakuthupi. Pambuyo pake, ikani mafupa ndi kutulutsa konkire. Optimally ntchito njira m'pamene M300-M400. Chabwino, ngati kuti linapangidwa zina zapadera kukakambirana pa mwala katundu madzi zosagwira.

The milu amene anaika, inu tsopano kukhala ndi raft maziko. Mu m'tsogolo, adzamange chimango khoma.

Grillage kungakhale precast kapena monolithic. kusiyana ndi mu unsembe:

1. Precast wokwera pa analimbitsa milu konkire, korona mutu gawo.
2. Monolithic kukonza kumanga malo: kuika formwork, ngati n'koyenera, pansi pa maziko raft yaikidwa bedi la ASG, kumatira denga zakuthupi ndi kuika chimango kusasanyiwa, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zolimba pa zipilala mulu. Kenako kubala kuthira konkire Kusakaniza.

Fundam wokonzeka. Dziwani kuti pali winawake zimenezi sizikutanthauza chapansi.

mlatho maziko

Abwino lathyathyathya mtunda mu nthaka kokhazikika. Izo zikuwoneka ngati mulu, koma zochepa recessed.

Doko maziko ndi manja ake kwa chimango nyumba anamanga ntchito njira imeneyi:

1. Pangani kulembalemba dongosolo. zogwiriziza ili pa ngodya, ndi pa mphambano za mpanda kuzungulira kukafika kutsogolo ndi phula mamita 2-3. Kenako, mfundo zimenezi ndi kunditumiza ku gawo lapansi.
2. Kukumba maenje mitengo yonyamulira. Ngati maziko a mipope asibesitosi kapena zipilala monolithic wa kukulitsa zokolola anausiya kwa tsiku motorubom. Pansi pa mwala wachikumbutso dzenje anakumba fosholo. M'kati kukula 60x80 cm, ndi kuzama ayenera kukhala 20-30 masentimita m'munsimu mzere chisanu.
3. Kumatira zinthu monolithic imagwiridwa kamodzi - aikidwa mu nkhani dzenje denga. Miyala, njerwa kapena chomenyedwa zipilala zigwirizane kale pa chotsirizidwa.
4. Pakuti simenti zolimba khola options anaika.
5. Chilili la formwork pamwamba pa nthaka kutalika chofunika (osachepera 40 cm).
6. Thirani njira.

Wokonzeka mitengo yonyamulira grillage kukhuta. Izi zachitika pa mfundo yomweyo monga maziko mulu. Sizingakhale, ndiye pamwamba pa poyimitsa zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo matabwa matabwa, amene adzatumikira monga kuthandiza chimango lapansi.

Chomaliza - chipangizo Zabirko makoma, ndi kudzaza danga pakati pa zipilala. Pakati pawo kukumba ngalande 20-30 cm, anatsanulira maziko konkire, pambuyo mpanda wake solidification kufala. Ngati inu simutero, ndiye kutentha zina Pakufunika m'munsi denga pansi pa nyumba sanali ozizira.

Doko maziko ndi manja ake kuti chimango nyumba sikovuta. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti chapansi chipangizo woterowo kapangidwe - zochitika mabvuto kwambiri, chifukwa lingaliro ndi kupereka. Komano, maziko anamangidwira mofulumira ndi zambiri mtengo mulu kapena tepi.

maziko matabwa

A mtundu wa zimphona za mulu ndi columnar. Matabwa maziko kwa chipangizo pansi chimango nyumba yaing'ono, koma chifukwa cha fragility wachibale pansi nyumba zogona izo sikawirikawiri ntchito. Ndi mulingo woyenera dachas: zotsatira za katundu osachepera pa maziko, otsika unsembe ndalama ndi chuma, mkulu-liwiro zipangizo. Komanso, mtengo ali elasticity zachilengedwe zimene zimathandiza kuti tikhale ndi mawonekedwe choyambirira pambuyo mapindikidwe ndi dothi zazing'ono kutupa.

Kwambiri opepuka yomanga ndi nyengo mafupa-chishango kunyumba. Maziko pansi iwo akhoza kukhala achindunji kwambiri. Zikatero, ntchito mizati matabwa. Ali Venice, pa malo amenewa mkulu-nyamuka nyumba zaka zoposa zana chifukwa cha kwake, mu nkhani iyi, inu mukhoza kubetcherana.

Pakuti milu woyenera mitundu ina ya mtengo mumamera larch, thundu, pine. Pakuti preforms mbali yabwino mtengo awiri osachepera 20 cm. Mankhwala akhoza kukhala zozungulira kapena amakona anayi Gawo kuti tikhale ndi mbali ya masentimita 20. The milu asonyezedwa njira yapadera, moyo anakafika matabwa m'mikhalidwe yovuta. Patsogolo mwamsanga awo recessed ayenera kukulunga positi ndi zigawo 1-2 la denga chuma kapena zina polymeric, pamene nthaka si n'kudziphatika kwa mankhwala. Izi adzalola mulu kuti Wopanda wachibale m'munsi mwa malangizo ofukula pamene chikhamu nthaka, ndi kusunga kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kodi ku phiri maziko matabwa a chimango nyumba ndi manja ake:

1. Kupanga chizindikiro patsambali wa chitsanzo kale: ngodya - ndizi - wozungulira increments wa mamita 1.5-2.
2. Kusamutsa dongosolo la posts pa Intaneti.
3. nthaka anakumba dzenje awiri nthawi 1.5 lalikulu kuposa mulu. kuya ayenera upambana mlingo wa yozizira koopsa nthaka ndi kukwaniritsa zigawo wandiweyani. Ngati iwo ali sakudziwika ayenera kuyamba ndime pansipa 0.5 m.
4. Konzani bedi miyala kapena mitanda matabwa.
5. Thirani masentimita 15-20 ndi kumizidwa zipilala konkire m'menemo. Pamene yankho la katengedwe, izo kukonza mulu.
6. The backfilling ndi compaction.

Opepuka Mzere maziko

Inafalitsidwa kwa kutukula chifukwa cha zoikamo ake cheapness ndi liwilo. Opepuka Mzere maziko a ntchito ya chimango nyumba pa nthaka olimba, pamene palibe kufunika kwa manda lalikulu ndi chithandizo chachikulu.

Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa mamangidwe ku mwachizolowezi - yafupika akuya yekha ndi miyeso ya tepi yokha. Ndi yovomerezeka kwa nyumba opepuka, makamaka nyumba zogona chimango.

Phiri Technology:

1. Kukumba ngalande kapena dzenje (amakhudza kupezeka kwa chapansi). Mulimonsemo, ndi recess m'lifupi ayenera kukhala woposa wozungulira anakonzeratu za 0.5 mamita kwa mayiko ntchito. kuya zimadalira pa mlingo pansi, ambiri - 0.8-1.5 mita (kuganizira khushoni chipangizo).
2. Mukalembe kukafika kutsogolo kwa mpanda maziko. Nkofunika kuyeza kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zonse ndi kuona kufanana kwa mbali.
3. Ikani timbering. kutalika kwake anatsimikiza ndi kukhalapo ndi kukula kwa kapu, koma osati poyerekeza 40 cm pamwamba pa nthaka. Tsogolo tepi m'lifupi kuchita masamu ngati khoma makulidwe + 100 mm. Kwa chimango nyumba yopangidwa ndi kuwala kwa 200-300 mm.
4. Udzathiridwa pa pilo ASG (10-20 cm).
5. Kukhazikitsa chimango cha.
6. Konkire matope udzathiridwa M300-M400.

Opepuka maziko a chimango nyumba yabwino chifukwa sikutanthauza kukonzekera mwapadera, ndi unsembe machenjerero ena kwa yomanga mpanda.

cooker

Si nthawi zonse abwino njira muyezo dothi yomanga. Mu Russia, m'madera ambiri ndi dongo ndipo mwamphamvu chikhamu dothi. Koma si chilolezo iwo kanthu. Ngakhale Zikatero, pali njira.

Ngati muli ndi chiwembu chokhala ndi dothi loyandama, ndi bwino kumanga maziko olimba a monolithic a nyumba yopangira nyumba. N'zotheka kuchita izi ndi manja anu. Tekeni yamakono ikufanana ndi kupanga tepi yoonda:

1. M'nthaka, kufukula kumapangidwira kuya kwa nthaka yachonde yopanda nthaka ndipo mapangidwe apamwamba otseguka amakhala ophatikizidwa.
2. Kenaka, konzani mchenga wa mchenga wa masentimita pafupifupi 20 masentimita.
3. Pereka kunja 2-3 zigawo za polymer kusabisa.
4. Lembani chingwe chokonzekera cha konkire ku masentimita asanu.
5. Sungani chimango. Iyenera kukhala yoyenera, popeza slab ikuzindikira katundu wofunika kuchokera pansi. Kwa magalasi mutenge mpweya wochulukitsa ndi mamita 12-16 mm, muyike iyo ndi sitepe yosaposa masentimita 40 mmbali zonsezo. Mizatiyo imamangidwa ndi waya. Ndege ziwiri zimapangidwa ndikuziphatika pamtunda wofanana ndi kutalika kwa mbale (10-15 masentimita), kuchotsa konkire yoteteza (mpaka 5 cm).
6. Thirani mu njirayi. Zidzatengera zambiri, musasankhe konkire yapamwamba kuti mupulumutse. Chinthu chabwino - M300-M400.

Dothi la monolithic lili pamtunda, ndikuganiza kuti kumanga chipinda chapansi ndi pansi (kumakhala pansi). Zowonjezera zambiri komanso zosungiramo nyumba zing'onozing'ono sizikufunika, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyumba zazikulu.

Kutentha ndi kusunga madzi

Makhalidwe a nyumba yamatabwa amafunika kumaliza. Kuphimba madzi ndizothandiza pazinthu zonse pansi pa nthaka pazinthu zakuthupi. Choncho zinthu zimasungidwa bwino. Izi ndizoona makamaka pamtunda wamadzi apansi.

Kutsekemera kwa mpweya wa pansi ndi makoma a chipinda cha pansi kudzaonetsetsa kuti ndalama zochepa zowonjezera pansi pa nyumba yoyamba zikhale zochepa. M'nyumba zomwe mulibe pansi, danga pakati pa denga ndi nthaka likhoza kupangidwa ndi dongo komanso mchenga. Zida zimenezi zimaletsa kutentha kwa chipinda chapansi. Kuti iwo sali okonzedwa, ndizotheka kuyika pepala lawo lochokera kumbali zonse.

Makoma a chipinda chapansi ndi galasi amaikidwa panja ndi mbale za polystyrene.