Mawerengedwe a kutentha exchanger: chitsanzo. Mawerengedwe a m'derali, mphamvu ya kutentha exchanger

Mawerengedwe a kutentha exchanger tsopano akutenga zosakwana mphindi zisanu. bungwe lirilonse limene limatulutsa kukagulitsa zida ngati amapatsa aliyense akulembedwa pulogalamu awo. Iwo akhoza dawunilodi kwaulere webusaiti kampani kapena katswiri awo adzabwera ku ofesi yanu ndi kukhazikitsa kwaulere. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuwerengetsera ngati ali olondola, tingakhulupirire iye ndipo pokhala wochenjera ngati Mlengi mwa kumenyana mu mtima ndi mpikisano? Afufuze pakompyuta Chiwerengero amafuna kudziwa kapena kumvetsetsa njira yamakono ya mawerengedwe a kuzizira kutentha. Tiyeni yesetsani kuthetsa tsatanetsatane.

ndi kutentha exchanger Kodi

Pamaso akuchita mawerengedwe a kutentha exchanger, tiyeni tikumbukire, ndi mtundu wa chipangizo chotero? Teplomassoobmennyh zida (Aka kutentha exchanger, amatchedwanso kutentha ndi kuzizira zida kapena TOA) - chipangizo kwa kulanda kutentha kwa coolant wina ndi mzake. Mu ndondomeko ya coolant kusintha kutentha kusintha kachulukidwe awo ndi moyenera, misa akalozera zinthu. N'chifukwa chake njira amenewa amatchedwa kutentha ndi misa kutengerapo.

mitundu ya kusintha kutentha

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za mitundu kutentha kutengerapo - pali atatu okha. Cheza - kulanda kutentha ndi kuwala kwa magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, tingathe kukumbukira sunbathing pa gombe pa ofunda tsiku chilimwe. Ndipo ngakhale izi kuzizira kutentha angapezeke mu msika (chubu mpweya heaters). Komabe nthawi zambiri kwa Kutentha kunyumba, zipinda nyumba ife kugula mafuta ndi magetsi magetsi. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha mtundu wina wa kutengerapo kutentha - convection. Convection Mwachibadwa, musanaganizire (Tingafinye, ndi bokosi ayenera exchanger) kapena ndi galimoto makina (ndi fani, mwachitsanzo). Mtundu yamasika mogwira mtima kwambiri.

Komabe, njira yabwino kwambiri ya kusintha kutentha - ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe, kapena, monga iwo ukutchedwa, conduction (conduction a English -. "Madutsidwe"). injiniya aliyense amene adzakutengani kapangidwe matenthedwe cha kutentha exchanger choyamba kuganizira mmene kusankha zida imayenera mu osachepera danga. Ndipo amalowerera kukwaniritsa zimenezi ndi conduction. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi yabwino kwambiri tsiku TOA - mbale kutentha ndi kuzizira. Mbale TOA ndi tanthauzo - kutentha exchanger kuti Zosintha kutentha kwa coolant kuti wina mwa khoma kuŵapatulanya. The pazipita zotheka kukhudzana m'dera pakati olankhula ndi awiri pamodzi ndi zida anasankhidwa ndi mbiri mbale awo makulidwe miyeso anasankha kuchepetsa hardware pamene asayambe makhalidwe choyambirira luso chofunika ndondomekoyi.

mitundu ya kuzizira kutentha

Musanayambe agwire mawerengedwe a kutentha exchanger atsimikiziridwa mwa mtundu wake. Onse TOA zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: recuperative ndi regenerative kutentha ndi kuzizira. Waukulu kusiyana therebetween chiri motere: mu TOA recuperative kutentha ndi kuzizira chikuchitika khoma kulekanitsa awiri kutentha sing'anga, ndi kuyamba ndi mnzake mu atolankhani awiri regenerative, nthawi zambiri zofuna wotsatira kusanganikirana ndi kulekanitsidwa mu separators wapadera. Regenerative kutentha ndi kuzizira anawagawa kuzizira kutentha ndi kuyanjana ndi nozzle (n'kupuma zochitika zina kapena wapakatikati). Ziri kulankhula, chidebe cha madzi otentha, anaika mu ozizira, kapena kapu ya tiyi, kuika utakhazikika mu firiji (konse samachita!) - uyu ndi chitsanzo ngati kusanganikirana TOA. A kuthira tiyi kozungulira ndi yozizira izo kotero ife tifike chitsanzo cha regenerative kutentha exchanger ndi nozzle (kozungulira, muchisanzo chimenechi atenge nozzle gawo), amene yoyamba imene anakumana ndi mlengalenga yozungulira ndipo akutenga kutentha kwake, kenako amasankha mbali ya kutentha kwa anazitsanulira mwa izo ya tiyi kufunafuna onse kutsogolera atolankhani kuti matenthedwe mode mgwirizano. Komabe, monga taonera kale anapeza zosavuta ntchito ya madutsidwe matenthedwe kusamutsa kutentha kwa sing'anga wina ndi mzake Choncho, zothandiza kwambiri mwa mawu a kutengerapo kutentha (ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito) TOA lero - kumene, recuperative.

Matenthedwe ndi structural mawerengedwe

mawerengedwe aliyense wa regenerative kutentha exchanger zikhoza kupangidwa zochokera zotsatira za ikukhudzana anapezazo hayidiroliki ndi mphamvu. Iwo achikhazikitso, singasiyanitsidwe ndi mapangidwe zida zatsopano ndi luso ndi maziko kuwerengetsa zitsanzo wotsatira wa mtundu womwewo wa zipangizo mzere. Ntchito yaikulu ya ikukhudzana TOA mawerengedwe ndi kudziwa chofunika kutentha ndi kuzizira padziko dera ntchito khola la kutentha exchanger ndi kukhalabe magawo chofunika atolankhani kubwereketsa. Nthawi zambiri mu kuwerengetsera ngati akatswiri amapatsidwa mfundo zongopeka za kulemera ndi kukula makhalidwe zida tsogolo (chuma, machubu awiri, mbale, miyeso, mtengo Masamu, mtundu ndi zinthu zipsyepsye neri Al.), Koma pambuyo kutentha ambiri amachitika zaphindu mawerengedwe exchanger. Ndipotu, ngati gawo loyamba injiniya ankaona kofunika padziko dera chifukwa anapatsidwa awiri chitoliro Mwachitsanzo, 60 mm, ndi utali wa kutentha exchanger Choncho anatembenuka sikisite meters, n'zomveka kuganiza kusintha multistage kutentha exchanger kapena chubu mtundu mtolo, kapena kuonjezera awiri a machubu.

mawerengedwe hayidiroliki

kuwerengetsera hayidiroliki kapena hydro-makina ndi kuuluka bwino potsatira njira anachita kuzindikira ndi konza hayidiroliki (kuuluka bwino potsatira njira) kuthamanga kutayika kutentha exchanger, ndi kuwerengera mowa mphamvu kuwalaka. Mawerengedwe a njira iliyonse, njira kapena chitoliro kwa ndime Kutentha sing'anga amachitikira ntchito yaikulu anthu - kupweteka kwambiri kutentha kuwombola ndondomeko pamalowa. Ndiko kuti, sing'anga wina ndidzadutsa, ndipo linalo kuti kutentha zambiri pa imeneyi osachepera yake. Kawirikawiri ntchito zina kutentha ndi kuzizira pamwamba mu mawonekedwe a kali chipsyepsye anayamba (kupatukana kwa malire laminar sublayer ndi kupititsa otaya kugwedezekagwedezeka). Mulingo woyenera bwino ubale mu zomvetsa hayidiroliki, malo a kutentha ndi kuzizira pamwamba, kulemera ndi kukula makhalidwe, ndi kudzipatula kutentha linanena bungwe ndi chifukwa cha akaphatikiza ikukhudzana hayidiroliki ndi zaphindu TOA mawerengedwe.

afufuze mawerengedwe

Yotsimikiza cha kutentha exchanger ikuchitika choncho kumene m'pofunika kuika mphamvu malo a aliyense m'dera kutentha ndi kuzizira pamwamba. Pamwamba pa malo pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana komanso zochitika zosiyanasiyana, ngati mogwirizana ndi mawu a Buku, ngati Mlengi akuona kuti ndi malire zina kuti tikhale otsimikiza chimodzimodzi kuti kutenthaku adzamasulidwa pa boma, ndi kuchepetsa zolakwa kuwerengetsera. Nthawi zina, Ndikofunika wofunikila nazo miyeso zotsatira kandalama ena (evaporators, economizers) mu mawerengedwe a mphamvu za kutentha exchanger ndi mwapadera anayambitsa malire pamwamba pa kompresa mafuta kuipitsidwa pano mu dera la refrigeration. Inde, ndi osauka khalidwe madzi ayenera n'komwe. Patapita kanthawi, uyende kuzizira kutentha, makamaka pa kutentha, mukhale chopondapo zikukhazikitsa padziko ya zida kutentha ndi kuzizira, kuchepetsa kutentha kutengerapo koyefishienti, ndi amatipeza zikubweretsa kuchepetsa parasitic kutentha zofunika. Choncho woyenera injiniya, ndi mawerengedwe a kutentha exchanger "madzi-madzi", amalipira mwapadera kwa malo ena kutentha ndi kuzizira pamwamba. Afufuze mawerengedwe ndi kuthera kuti muone zipangizo osankhidwa mwapadera adzapindula ntchito pa ena, modes sekondale. Mwachitsanzo, pa conditioners chapakati mpweya (mpweya okwanira makhazikitsidwe) heaters kwa Kutentha loyamba ndi lachiwiri ntchito mu nyengo yozizira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa yotentha chifukwa yozizira kotunga mpweya kudya madzi ozizira mu mlengalenga kutentha exchanger chubu. Kodi amagwira ntchito ndi zimene adzakupatsani magawo kuonanso bwino chikhato mawerengedwe.

ziwerengero kafukufuku

kuwerengetsera Research TOA ikuchitika pa maziko a zotsatira za mawerengedwe matenthedwe ndi chotsimikizira. N'zofunika, monga ulamuliro, kuti kusinthidwa zangotuluka kapangidwe chipangizo cholinga. Iwo anachita kukonza maikwezhoni aliyense anaika mu mawerengedwe chitsanzo akuyendera TOA analandira empirically (kwa deta experimental). Kuchita zikukhudza aziwerenga a makumi, ndi zina mazana anapezazo ndi ndondomeko yapadera, anakamba ndi zomwe zagwiridwa ulimi monga mwa chiphunzitso masamu ya kapangidwe ka zinthu zatsopano. Malinga ndi zotsatira kuwulula chikoka cha zinthu zosiyana ndi zedi thupi zizindikiro ntchito TOA.

kuwerengetsera ena

The mawerengedwe a kutentha malo exchanger, musaiwale za kulimbikira kwa zipangizo. kuwerengetsera mphamvu TOA monga poona ntchito wagawo kwa voteji, torsional ubwenzi pazipita kololeka mphindi ntchito tsatanetsatane ndi mfundo za tsogolo la kutentha exchanger. Ndi miyeso kochepa wa mankhwala ayenera kukhala wamphamvu, wokhazikika ndi kuonetsetsa machitidwe abwino osiyanasiyana, ngakhale zinthu kwambiri kuyenda.

mawerengedwe Mphamvu imagwiridwa kudziwa makhalidwe osiyanasiyana kutentha exchanger pa modes variable ntchito.

Mitundu ya kutentha exchanger kapangidwe

Recuperative TOA panagona akhoza kugawidwa mu angapo mokwanira lalikulu la magulu. Kwambiri kudziwika ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito - mbale kutentha exchanger, mpweya (Finned chubu), chipolopolo ndi chubu kutentha ndi kuzizira "chitoliro mu chitoliro," chipolopolo ndi mbale, ndi ena. Pali kwambiri apadera ndi zosowa mitundu, mwachitsanzo, mwauzimu (cochlea-exchanger) kapena scraper, amene ntchito ndi madzi viscous kapena osakhala Newtonian, ndi zina zambiri.

Kutentha exchanger "chubu mu chubu"

Taganizirani mawerengedwe zosavuta kutentha exchanger "chubu mu chubu". Amapanga, mtundu wa TOA ndi maximally m'Chingelezi chosavuta. Pa Kuyambitsa chubu mkati zida, kawirikawiri otentha kutentha kutengerapo madzimadzi kuchepetsa zomvetsa, ndi ku nyumba kapena mu chubu lakunja la coolant yozizira mothamanga. Injiniya Ntchito Pankhaniyi kumachepetsa kuti mtima wa kutalika kwa kutentha exchanger pa maziko a masamu kutentha malo kuwombola pamwamba ndi diameters anakonzeratu.

M'pofunikanso kuwonjezera kuti yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe anayamba mfundo yabwino kutentha exchanger, ndiko kutalika wopandamalire wagawo, kumene coolants ntchito kauntala, ndi pakati kwathunthu zinayambitsa kusiyana kutentha. Kamangidwe "chitoliro mu chitoliro" wapafupi akukumana zofunika zimenezi. Ndipo ngati kuthamanga yopatsirana kutentha kutengerapo madzi, zidzakhala otchedwa "potsimikizira-weniweni" (zotsutsana ndi mtanda monga mbale TOA). Kutentha kuthamanga bwino kwambiri zinayambitsa pamene magalimoto bungwe. Komabe, kugwira "chitoliro mu chitoliro" mawerengedwe a kutentha exchanger ayenera kukhala zotsimikizika ndi tisaiwale za mmene kukumana chigawo chimodzi, komanso omasuka unsembe. evrofury kutalika - 13.5 m, ndipo si onse maofesi luso ndinazolowera skid ndi unsembe zida ngati kutalika.

Chipolopolo ndi chubu kuzizira kutentha

Choncho, izo zili mbali ya mawerengedwe a chipangizo chotero bwino amalowa mawerengedwe a chipolopolo ndi chubu kutentha exchanger. zida lino, m'mene chubu mtolo zili choncho limodzi (casing), ndasambitsa ndi coolants osiyana, malingana ndi zida kopita. Mu capacitors Mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsedwa refrigerant jekete, ndi madzi - mu chubu. Ndi njira ya magalimoto mapangidwe mosavuta ndi zosavuta kulamulira machitidwe a pachikhalidwe ndi. Mu evaporators ndi Kwenikweni refrigerant zithupsa mu timachubu ndipo ndi osambitsidwa ndi madzi utakhazikika (madzi, brines, glycols, etc.). Choncho, mawerengedwe-chubu kutentha exchanger yafupika kuchepetsa zida kukula. Kusewera ndi awiri a casing ndi, m'mimba ndiponso chiwerengero ndi kutalika kwa mkati mipope zida injiniya akulowa mtengo Calculated kutentha kuwombola malo pamwamba.

kuzizira mpweya kutentha

Mmodzi wa ambiri kuposa kuzizira kutentha - ndi finned chubu kutentha ndi kuzizira. Iwo akutchedwa coils. Kodi iwo osati kusintha kuyambira fancoils (ku England zimakupiza + koyilo., I.e., "zimakupiza" + "koyilo") mu midadada mkati unagawanika kachitidwe kuti chimphona flue mpweya recuperator (kusankha kutentha kwa flue mpweya otentha ndi kutengerapo kwa Kutentha) mu boilers pa CHP. N'chifukwa chake mawerengedwe a koyilo exchanger zimadalira ntchito, kumene kutentha zipita ntchito. Industrial coolers mpweya (VOPy) anaika mu zipinda anadabwa, mazira nyama, mu m'firiji pa otsika kutentha ndi zinthu zina za refrigeration chakudya, amafuna ena mbali kandalama zinalengedwera. Distance pakati lamella (chipsyepsye) ayenera maximized kuonjezera nthawi ya ntchito yosatha pakati m'zinthu defrost. Vaporizers kwa DCs (pakati deta) M'malo mwake, inapangitsa kwambiri yaying'ono clamping mezhlamelnye mtunda yochepa. Kutentha ndi kuzizira zikugwira ntchito mu "zone choyera", atazunguliridwa ndi fyuluta chabwino (kwa HEPA kalasi) Komabe, mawerengedwe imeneyi ikuchitika wa tubular kutentha exchanger ndi motsindika kuchepetsa miyeso wonse.

kuzizira mbale kutentha

ankafuna panopa khola kwa ndalama mbale kutentha. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka zaphindu, iwo ali ndi gasketed ndi theka-welded, ndi mednopayanymi nikelpayanymi, welded ndi brazed mayamwidwe njira (popanda solder). Matenthedwe kamangidwe ka mbale kutentha exchanger ndi mokwanira kugawa osati makamaka zovuta injiniya. The ndondomeko kusankha akhoza kuimba mbale mtundu, njira kwambiri n'kupanga, chipsyepsye mtundu, zitsulo makulidwe, zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi, Chofunika - ambiri zitsanzo mulingo zipangizo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kutentha ndi kuzizira ndi otsika ndi lonse (kwa Kutentha nthunzi ya madzi) kapena mkulu ndi yopapatiza (kulekana ndi kuzizira kutentha kachitidwe mpweya). Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi sing'anga ndi gawo kusintha, mwachitsanzo, monga condensers, evaporators, coolers nthunzi, predkondensatorov ndi zina zotero. D. Kuchita kapangidwe matenthedwe kutentha exchanger zikugwira ntchito pa chitsanzo biphasic, pang'ono kwambiri kuposa kutentha exchanger wa "madzi-zamadzimadzi", koma odziwa zomangamanga vuto limeneli solvable ndipo si kovuta kwambiri. Kuti magawowa kuwerengetsera amakono awa zomangamanga okonza ntchito kompyuta Nawonso achichepere, kumene mungapeze zambiri zofunika, kuphatikizapo gawo chithunzi cha refrigerant aliyense mu mode aliyense chingwe Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu CoolPack.

Yowerengera Chitsanzo exchanger

Cholinga cha mawerengedwe ndi mawerengedwe a zofunika kutentha ndi kuzizira m'dera pamwamba. Kutentha (refrigeration) mphamvu zambiri kutchulidwa mawu a Buku, koma chitsanzo chathu ife kuwerengera ndi iye, chifukwa, nkuti, cheke amafuna mfundo. Nthawi zina chigweranso kuti deta poyambirira amalowa zolakwa. Imodzi mwa ntchito ya zomangamanga woyenera - cholakwa kupeza ndi kukonza. Mwachitsanzo, kuchita mawerengedwe mbale kutentha exchanger wa "madzi - madzi". Zilekeni olekanitsa dera (kuthamanga baka ichidachi) mu mkulu-nyamuka nyumba. Kuti mpanipani pa zida, yomanga nyumba zosanja zitalizitali zambiri anagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi. Kumbali ina ya kutentha exchanger madzi pakhomo Tvh1 = 14 ᵒS ndi kuchoka Tvyh1 = 9 ᵒS, ndi otaya mlingo G1 = 14 500 makilogalamu / h, ndi pa zina - ndi madzi, koma apa ndi magawo zotsatirazi: Tvh2 = 8 ᵒS, Tvyh2 ᵒS = 12, G2 = 18 125 makilogalamu / h.

mphamvu zomuthandiza (Q0) kuwerengetsa ikukhudzana bwino chilinganizo (Onani chithunzi pamwambapa, chilinganizo 7.1 ..), Kodi CP - yeniyeni matenthedwe mphamvu (tebulo phindu). Pakuti kuphweka kwa kuwerengetsera mfundo izi kutenga kutentha mphamvu EOT = 4,187 [KJ / kg * ᵒS]. Tikambirana:

Q1 = 14 500 * (14 - 9) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [KJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 kW - pa mbali yoyamba ndi

Q2 = 18 125 * (12 - 8) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [KJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 kW - pa mbali yachiwiri.

Onani kuti malingana ndi chilinganizo (7.1), Q0 = Q1 = Q2, kaya mbali iti ya mawerengedwe anatenga.

Komanso mbali yaikulu kutentha kutengerapo aone kuti pali (7.2), ife tikupeza zofunika padziko dera (7.2.1), kumene K - kutentha kutengerapo koyefishienti (ankaganiza wofanana 6350 [W / ^m2]), ndipo ΔTsr.log. - kusiyana zikutanthauza-kutentha, kuchita masamu ndi chilinganizo (7.3):

? T sr.log. = (2 - 1) / Ln (2/1) = 1 / ln2 = 1 / 0,6931 = 1,4428;

F ndi = 84321/6350 * 1.4428 = 9.2 mamita ^2.

Ngati kumene kutentha kutengerapo koyefishienti silikudziwika, mawerengedwe ndi pang'ono zovuta mbale kutentha exchanger. Chilinganizo (7.4) amaonedwa Reynolds chiwerengero kumene ρ - kachulukidwe [makilogalamu / ^M3], η - zazikulu kukhuthala, [N * s / mamita ^{2] mndime} - mathamangidwe a sing'anga mu ritsa ndi [m / s], anthu d masentimita - wettable inabala awiri [mamita].

Pagome tifunefune chofunika mtengo Prandtl [taphunzira], ndi chilinganizo (7.5), ife tipeze Nusselt chiwerengero, kumene N = 0,4 - madzi zinthu Kutentha, ndipo N = 0,3 - yozizira zinthu madzi.

Komanso, chilinganizo (7.6) kuchita masamu kutentha kutengerapo koyefishienti ku coolant aliyense khoma, ndi chilinganizo (7.7) amaganiza kutentha kutengerapo koyefishienti, amene mmalo mwa njira (7.2.1) kuwerengera kutentha ndi kuzizira padziko dera.

Mu Njira ya pamwamba, λ - matenthedwe conduction koyefishienti, ϭ - kakakulu njira khoma, α1 ndi α2 - kutengerapo kutentha koefishienti aliyense wa pakhoma kutentha kutengerapo.