Mannerism ndi chithunzi: zimaonetsa malangizo

Mannerism ndi chithunzi - ndi malangizo mu luso zithunzi zoyambirira XVI-XVII zana. Izo zinayambira mu Italy monga zimachitika kuti vuto la zolinga anthu, mmene ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano. M'njira timapangira, lingaliro limeneli latsopano chikhalidwe azimuth kuti anali ndi khalidwe komanso mabuku, zomangamanga, zosemasema, nyimbo.

kulemba

Mannerism ndi chithunzi anaonekera pa nthawi imene mukadali anapitiriza kulamulira mfundo za High Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Komabe, mogwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha mavuto chikhalidwe umoyo ndi zachuma, zandale ndi zauzimu unkachitika kunyamuka kwa kumvetsa miyambo ya mwamuna wolimba mfundo lonse mwauzimu ndiponso mwakuthupi. anzeru ambiri, asayansi aluntha sankasangalala ndi mfundo za Mchitidwe. Iwo anali anataya chikhulupiriro mu umodzi wa dziko, kuti n'zotheka coexistence changwiro cha munthu ndi dziko la chilengedwe.

Njira zatsopanozi

Chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi ndipo anakhala Mannerism mu kupenta, chomwe anali yodziwika ndi kuchoka omveka bwino a kufanana tingachipeze powerenga, zithunzi zokongola, zithunzi chadzaoneni. Tsopano, aluso anayamba kulemba m'njira chosiyana. Lingaliro yamasika, ndi zooneka malangizo latsopano, adadza patsogolo osati okhutira maganizo a intaneti ndi kuukonza, chimagwirira ndi njira zochenjera.

masiteji

Mannerism ndi chithunzi wopyoza magawo angapo a chitukuko. Nthawi yoyamba imagwera pa zaka 1520-1540. Pamenepo nthawi yatsopano kalembedwe ndi chopangitsa kufalikira ku Italy, kapena kani, mu Aroma Florence mabwalo (Vasari, Pontormo ndi ena). Ojambula zithunzi mwachangu katswiri chinenero ndi luso zithunzi, ndi kutsindika pa mzere, chiaroscuro, osaka zikuchokera, mitu mtundu.

Popeza theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVI ndipo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma lotsatira, azimuth yatsopano yafalikira lonse la Afrika, kuti chiwerengero cha limati European ndi sukulu chawo. Yotchuka kwambiri inali ya Fontainebleau mu France. Choncho kalembedwe izi walandira kuzindikira European, ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa zomwe njira lotsatira mu chikhalidwe - ndi Baroque.

Features

Mannerism kupenta Italy maziko a maphunziro lonse wonse. Young olemba anayesa kuthetsa mogwirizana ndi umodzi ankaikira Kubadwa Kwatsopano ambuye. M'malo akalumikidzidwa yosalala ndi lathyathyathya iwo ankaimiridwa mu mzere wosweka, m'malo bata kugwedeza moyenera - see ndi mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka kanjedza, yaikulu ndi otchuka zithunzi m'malo ndi nyimbo m'malo ovuta.

Ojambula zithunzi zambiri anafuna kusonyeza mumtima mphamvu otchuka. Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi tiyenera ayamba kuswa mogwirizana kuwala. Chiwerengerochi apangidwa mwadala elongated, anatambasula kuposa chiwerengero cha chifaniziro wosweka. Olemba ntchito mitundu ozizira mosiyana ndi akapolo anzawo akale, chomwe chifuna kupereka mtendere wauzimu ndi mtendere wamumtima, utoto mitundu ofunda.

zotsatira

Choncho, awa tizichita mwambo wa mannerism, kulola kuonetsetsa mu siteji osiyana mu chitukuko chikhalidwe ndi luso. Ngakhale ena ofufuza timakonda kuona kuti wina wa kuwonekera kwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, kapena siteji yoyamba ya Baroque. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri converge mfundo yakuti palibe kalembedwe chosayerekezeka kwambiri choyambirira, amene amapereka malo kwa kukuwonani izo monga siteji osiyana chitukuko. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza amakamba kuti zamizimu kumene anapanga maziko a sacral Baroque. Ngakhale lero, pali potsanzira kalembedwe izi mu luso masomphenya. Choncho kodi zina zimaonetsa kachitidwe atsopano - neomanerizm.

M'mayiko ena

A azimuth latsopano ambiri m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, makamaka chifukwa chakuti amisiri Italy ntchito angapo malo zikhalidwe Africa lapansi. Koma m'misili anasonyeza chidwi ndithu mu chinenero luso njira, zikutanthauza Cithunzi. Features zojambula ojambula zithunzi mannerist zikugwirizananso ndi ntchito za E. Agiriki.

chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa kalembedwe ndi imatengedwa kuti kusiyana ndi makamaka kaso ndi courtly. Osati kanthu m'dera limeneli kumene nakhalanso zolinga za chikondi courtly, mfundo zimene zikuoneka kuti adzapatsidwa moyo wachiwiri ntchito za oyambirira ojambula zithunzi ano.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, kalembedwe izi mosapita Kufikika anthu okha okha. Kutacha mu uzingopitirira wa bwalo ndi nyumba yachifumu luntha. Ndipo ine sanalandire ngati kuchuluka lonse monga malingaliro a umunthu zopezeka zojambula lapansi. Media kwa msasa osiyana kumvetsa ndipo, zimene zimapangitsa ntchito yovuta kuwerenga. Mannerism mu kupenta, mbali zosiyana kwambiri ndi cholembedwacho oimira Kubadwa Kwatsopano, ngakhale ambiri, koma zisakhale chotero chodabwitsa kwambiri chikhalidwe. Zilandiridwenso wotchuka Titans, mtengo umene unali waukulu chonchi, wapita kupitirira malire a luso labwino ndipo analandira olengeza lonse.

The chodabwitsa cha zolinga a anthu kwagona kuti iwo sanali kokha kufunika chikhalidwe koma ndale komanso. Kodi tinganene chiyani za mannerism lapansi. Komabe, tiyenera kumuona monga chochitika chosaiwalika paluso, chifukwa chinali kusintha yakale chakale kuti kalembedwe Baroque.