Magazi amatanthauza minofu, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani?

Anthu ambiri n'komwe kuti magazi ali minofu connective. Ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti madzimadzi izi osakaniza ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndipo kenanso. Komabe, siziri choncho. Magazi - ndi minofu connective kukhala mtundu wofiira ndi zonse zoyenda. madzimadzi uyu achita mu thupi ntchito zofunika kwambiri ndipo m'malo ovuta. Iwo amazungulira magazi kudzera m'thupi zonse. Chifukwa cha ichi, amanyamula zigawo zonse zofunika mpweya kagayidwe kachakudya ndi solutes. Koma chifukwa kunyamula magazi kuti zimakhala bwanji? Ndi madzi.

magazi zikuchokera

Kumvetsa mmene kugwiritsa ntchito magazi minofu, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani, ayenera musangoganizira ntchito zake zikuluzikulu, komanso kukonza. Ndi chiyani icho? Magazi minofu wapangidwa ndi maselo plasma. Choncho aliyense mchitidwe amagwira ntchito zina ndipo ali katundu yake.

Madzi a m'magazi ndi zayamba mandala madzi amene ali ndi kulocha pang'ono chikasu. chigawo ichi amapanga gawo lalikulu buku okwana magazi m'thupi la munthu. The plasma lili zitatu zazikulu za zinthu form:

1. Othandiza - othandiza magazi kuundana kuti ndi mawonekedwe chowulungika kapena ozungulira.
2. Leukocytes - maselo oyera.
3. maselo magazi Red - maselo ofiira amene amathandiza magazi hue khalidwe, chifukwa zili mkulu wa hemoglobin.

Osati aliyense amadziwa kuchuluka kwa madzi ali mu thupi lathu. Malinga ndi anthu mitsempha ya magazi zonse amazungulira za 4-5 malita a magazi. Choncho 55% buku okwana wotanganidwa ndi madzi, ndipo chiwerengero otsala kugwa zinthu mphako amene amapanga kwambiri erythrocytes anali - 90%.

haematic

Choncho, kwa minofu ndi monga magazi, zambiri kapena sichidziwika bwino. Ndicho osati aliyense amadziwa kuti madzimadzi zimenezi mithunzi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, magazi amene amatuluka kudzera mitsempha, choyamba akulowa mtima kwa mapapo ndipo kenako kufalikira mu mpweya thupi. Iwo ali owala chofiira mtundu. Pambuyo minofu adzakhala kufalitsidwa ndi mchitidwe wa O _2, magazi umayenda ku mtima kudzera mitsempha. Apa, madzi amakhala akuda.

katundu wa magazi

Amene mtundu wa nsalu monga magazi ndi zimene katundu? Ine ndiyenera kunena pachiyambi kuti izi si madzi. mankhwala, ndi kukhuthala zomwe zimadalira kuchuluka wokhutira mapulotini erythrocytes. katundu zimenezi zimakhudza liwiro kayendedwe, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ndi kayendedwe ka zigawo za kapangidwe ndi osalimba wa thunthu chifukwa zolowa minofu. maselo olekanalekana a mwazi kusuntha mosiyana. Iwo amatha kuyenda, osati aliyense payekha, komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, mwachitsanzo, inakwaniritsidwa maselo ofiira. Zinthu zimene anapanga ndi amasamukira pakati chotengera mu mawonekedwe a "stacks" tofanana ndalama zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo. Inde, maselo ofiira ndi ikhoza kusunthidwa payekha. Koma maselo oyera, kawirikawiri kukhala pamodzi Mitsempha ndi chimodzi chokha.

plasma ndi chiyani?

Kumvetsa mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito magazi a minofu tiyenera kuziganizira mofatsa zigawo zake. plasma ndi chiyani? Izi chimodzi cha magazi ndi madzi kuwala mtundu wachikasu. Ndi pafupifupi mandala. hue kunachititsa ndi kukhalapo mu kapangidwe kake ndi tinthu akuda ndi pigment ndulu. Madzi a m'magazi ndi 90% ya madzi. Buku otsala wotanganidwa ndi mchere ndi kusungunuka mu zinthu madzi ndi organic. Dziwani kuti matabwa ake si nthawi zonse. Chiwerengero cha zigawo yemweyo zingasiyane. Zowerengera zimenezi zimadalira mtundu wa chakudya ankadya, mmene salt zambiri zinali ndi mmene madzi. The zikuchokera zinthu mu madzi awa:

1. 1% - mchere, kuphatikizapo potaziyamu, magnesium, chitsulo, calcium, cations sodium, ayodini, sulfure, phosphorous, chlorine anions.
2. Organic zinthu, Pakati pa 2% wa uric, lactic ndi zidulo zina, amino zidulo ndi mafuta, 7% mapuloteni ndi za 0,1% shuga.

The zikuchokera plasma ndi

Mapulotini amene ali mbali ya madzi, ndi zochitika mu nzeru madzi, komanso kugawa ake pakati pa magazi ndi minofu madzimadzi. Ndithudi, izi si onse ntchito za zigawo izi. Zikomo kuti mapuloteni magazi umakhala viscous. Komanso, zigawo ndi chitetezo kuti n'chongoletsa wothandizila zakunja thupi. udindo enieni fibrinogen - sungunuka mapuloteni. mankhwala kumatanthauza ndondomeko clotting magazi. Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zina za kuwala adziwonetsa Ulimbo, amene ali insoluble.

Magazi ukukamba mtundu minofu kuti ntchito yeniyeni mu thupi. kapangidwe kake ndi wapadera. Madzi a m'magazi mulinso ndi timadzi opangidwa ndi zopangitsa za endocrine. The zikuchokera izi chimodzi cha magazi mulinso zinthu ofunika uziyenda yachibadwa ya thupi. Childs, izi zinthu bioactive.

Tikumbukenso kuti plasma imene palibe fibrinogen, nthawi wotchedwa seramu.

erythrocytes

Kumvetsa mmene kugwiritsa ntchito magazi minofu ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani mosamala musangoganizira kapangidwe kake komanso zimene zimagwira ntchito zimagwiridwa ndi zigawo zina. Ndipo iwo sali kwambiri. Ambiri mwa mwazi lili ndi maselo ofiira a magazi. zigawo izi zimapanga kuchokera 44 mpaka 48% ya buku okwana. maselo ofiira ndi maselo ndi mawonekedwe a mbale, biconcave pakati. awiri wawo uli pafupi 7.5 microns. Izi mawonekedwe a maselo ofiira kumawonjezera Mwachangu njira zonse za thupi. Chifukwa concavity maselo ndi malo akuluakulu. Chinthu Ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri kwa mpweya kuwombola bwino. Tikumbukenso kuti okhwima maselo ofiira mulibe mtima. Ntchito yaikulu ya deta wa maselo a mwazi - kulanda kwa mapapo kuti zimakhala zina chinthu chofunika monga oxygen. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti magazi ikugwira ntchito kwa nsalu, omwe amagwira ntchito zoyendera.

The katundu yaikulu ya erythrocytes

erythrocytes dzina linamasuliridwa kuchokera m'Chigiriki limatanthauza "chofiira." maselo wake mthunzi zifunika mapuloteni hemoglobin. mankhwala ali ndi dongosolo zovuta ndipo anatha kum'manga ndi oxygen. Monga mbali ya hemoglobin anapeza magawo angapo chachikulu: mapuloteni - kumanga globulin, ndipo sanali mapuloteni kuti lili chitsulo. Nkhani yotsirizira amalola maselo angagwirizanitse kwa mpweya.

Anapanga maselo ofiira, kawirikawiri mu m'mafupa. Full kusasitsa zikadzatha masiku asanu. The moyo wa maselo ofiira - masiku oposa 120. Maselo amenewa zikuwonongedwa ndi chiwindi ndi ndulu. Mu nkhani iyi, hemoglobin imaphwanya mu globulin ndipo sanali mapuloteni zigawo zikuluzikulu. Pali amasulidwe ayoni chitsulo. Akubwerera m'mafupa ndi ntchito yolenganso maselo magazi. Pambuyo kumasulidwa kwa chitsulo sanali mapuloteni zikuluzikulu za hemoglobin ndi kutembenukira ku bilirubin - ya ndulu pigment, yomwe ikuthawa ndi ya ndulu mu kapepala kakuti m'mimba. Kuchepetsa mlingo wa maselo a magazi magazi a anthu, kawirikawiri zimabweretsa chitukuko cha kuchepa magazi kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

leukocytes

Magazi amatanthauza zimakhala chilengedwe mkati. Kuwonjezera pa plasma ndi magazi maselo ofiira mkati komanso ndi maselo oyera. Maselo amenewa ndi colorless mwamtheradi. Iwo kuteteza thupi ndi wothandizila zoipa. Pankhaniyi, maselo oyera anawagawa nezernistye - agranulocytes ndi granular - granulocytes. Dama eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils. Iwo amasiyana anachita utoto ena. Kutsatira lymphocytes granular ndi monocytes. Ali granules mu cytoplasm ndi phata, womwe wapangidwa a zigawo.

Granulocytes kuteteza thupi ndi tizilombo. zigawo izi amatha kudziunjikira mu kubuka matenda ndi kusiya ziwiya. Ntchito yaikulu ya monocyte - mayamwidwe wothandizila zoipa, ndipo lymphocytes - yopanga interferon ndi chitetezo, komanso kuwonongedwa kwa maselo a khansa.

othandiza magazi kuundana

The zikuchokera magazi ali m'gulu, ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana. Awa ndi ang'ono, colorless ndipo sanali nyukiliya mbale, chimenenso, ndi makombo a maselo opezeka m'mafupa - megakaryocytes. Mawonekedwe a othandiza magazi kuundana kungakhale ndodo-mphako, ozungulira ndi chowulungika. moyo wawo amayembekezeka palibe masiku oposa 10. Ntchito yaikulu ya maselo othandiza magazi kuundana - kumatanthauza njira kugwirizana ndi clotting magazi. Izi maselo magazi akhoza kumasula zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa zochita zina kuthamanga pamene kuonongeka magazi chotengera makoma. Choncho fibrinogen pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira ku nkhosi insoluble wa Ulimbo. Maselo ofiira a m'magazi akodwa, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi thrombus.

Ntchito yaikulu ya magazi

Magazi, lymph minofu, amene osati amanyamula mpweya ndi mbali zina zothandiza ziwalo, komanso amagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika. Popeza kuti deta madzimadzi n'kofunika munthu, palibe amene amakayikira. Koma si aliyense amadziwa zimene zikufunika magazi.

nsalu Izi amagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika:

1. Magazi ukukamba nsalu amene amateteza thupi ku kuvulala zosiyanasiyana ndi matenda. Pankhaniyi, mbali yaikulu ndi ankaimba ndi maselo oyera a magazi: monocytes ndi neutrophils. Iwo kuthamangira dera lomwe linakhudzidwa ndipo usonkhanitse lino. Ntchito yawo yaikulu - phagocytosis, mwa kulankhula kwina - mayamwidwe tizilombo. Pankhaniyi, monocytes ndi macrophages ndi neutrophils - kuti macrophages. Mokhudzana ndi mitundu ina ya leukocytes monga lymphocytes, iwo umatulutsa mankhwala akupha amene kupikisana ndi wothandizila zoipa. Komanso, maselo magazi zimakhudzidwa kuchotsa minofu akufa ndi zowonongeka thupi.
2. Komanso musaiwale kuti magazi ikugwira ntchito kwa nsalu, omwe amagwira ntchito zoyendera. katundu ali ofunika kwambiri kwa thupi. Pambuyo magazi umakhudza onse njira, monga kupuma ndi chimbudzi. Phula maselo minofu kufalitsa mu mpweya thupi ndipo amachotsa carbon dioxide, mankhwala komaliza ndi zinthu organic imapezeka zinthu bioactive timadzi.

Ntchito yapadera ya magazi

Magazi amatanthauza minofu kuti nthawi kutentha. madzi Izi zingamuthandize munthu uziyenda yachibadwa ziwalo zonse. Timatha magazi kukhalabe kutentha zonse. Mu yachibadwa chigawo yogwira zimasiyanasiyana mkati osiyanasiyana yopapatiza - za 37 ° C.