Mafunso otani amene akuyankhidwa gerund? Gerund - zitsanzo. Mawu adverbial participle

Mu dongosolo la chinenero cha Chirasha, pamodzi ndi mbali palokha ndipo nduna ya kulankhula , pali otchedwa mitundu wapadera wa mneni, amene akatswiri a zinenero zambiri kukangana. Ena mwa iwo kuti mbali morphological za sakramentili ndi gerunds akhoza kuwonetsedwa ku mbali yaikulu, pamene ena amati ndi okwera kwambiri kudalira a mitundu imeneyi ku mneni, choncho palibe amene yekha akhoza kukhala. mwanjira ina, koma dongosolo sukulu yotchedwa gerund verebu mmodzi zikutsatiridwa lomwe lili ndi phindu zochita zina ndi mbali kalembedwe wa mneni ndi adverb. Kuti adziwe ngati mawu makamaka pa nkhani ya wapadera kwambiri, muyenera kudziwa mafunso otani amene akuyankhidwa gerund. Mu nkhani iyi, "Kodi akuchita?" kapena "Kodi ndichite chiyani?" Tikumbukenso kuti, poyankha mafunso awa, mawu ayenera Kugwirizana kwa mkhalidwe wa, ndiko kuti, sonyezani mmene kanthu chachikulu chikuchitika chiweruzo.

Zizindikiro za mneni

Chifukwa participle ndi aumbike ku mneni ndipo mwapadera, iwo ali gawo chibadidwe wa kulankhula, makhalidwe morphological. Choyamba, mawonekedwe: izo mukakhale angwiro ndi opanda ungwiro, malingana ngati mmene kanthu kapena palibe. Mwachitsanzo: tione (CB) ndi kuyang'ana (PDR). Kachiwiri, ichi ndi Transitional: gerund ndi mawu, ndi kusintha mawonekedwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda anawagwiritsira ndi dzina mbali ya mawu pa nkhani genitive - ngati anakana - ndi nominative ndi accusative mu kuvomereza. Mwachitsanzo: kumanga ubwenzi. gerund A intransitive zitsanzo za amene amapezeka kulankhula, nthawi zonse ntchito ndi prepositions. Mwachitsanzo: kupulumutsa, kusangalala ndi dzuwa.

Zizindikiro za adverbs

Pofuna kudziwa makhalidwe morphological ofanana ndi a adverb ndi, m'pofunika kukumbukira mafunso otani amene akuyankhidwa gerund. Mwachitsanzo, Ndiri kuyimirira pa zenera, akuyang'ana (zimene akuchita onse?) Away. Chitsanzo chimasonyeza kuti mawu limasonyeza onse kanthu akusuzumira ndi chizindikiro yake yozungulira pa mneni waukulu chiweruzo ndi kumachita monga mmene moyo. Other morphological makhalidwe khalidwe la mbali palokha wa kulankhula, monga mtundu, nkhope, nthawi ndi tsiku, si chifukwa zosasintha.

Participle imperfective

Mu kuphunzira nkhani imeneyi mwapadera ayenera zimene mafunso mitundu gerund osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, gerunds ungwiro nkhani imodzi kuchita njira zina kotero zimene zinatchulidwa mkhalidwe, ndipo amayankha funso "Kodi akuchita?". Mwachitsanzo: ataima pa benchi, iye anatenga chikho kuchokera alumali pamwamba.

Unakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a zoterozo gerundive NSV kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu pakali pano ntchito suffixes -a- kapena -ya-. Zosiyana ndi kukhala liwu lomwe anatembenukira kwa mwapadera wa suffix -uchi-. Nthawi zina -uchi- ndi -yuchi- ntchito yokhayo kulandira stylistically akuda gerund. Zitsanzo kukhala - monga kusewera - effortlessly.

Dziwani kuti si onse kasewenzetsedwe ka mau imperfective akhoza kupanga maziko gerunds lapansi. maphunziro si nawo mayunitsi lexical kutha mu -ch, -nut, komanso waukulu mkati mwa mawu ndi maziko okhawo a zilembo. Mwachitsanzo: ng'anjo, wouma kulemba, kumwa.

Gerunds mawonekedwe wangwiro

M'pofunikanso kudziwa mafunso otani amene akuyankhidwa gerund wangwiro mawonekedwe komanso mmene aumbike, popeza malamulo amenewa angathandize kuti apange mawonekedwe ankafunila mawu. Funso gerunds CB ndi: "Kodi ndichite chiyani?" Mawu amenewa zochita zofunika zimene zinachitika isanafike mkhalidwe mwasankha. Mwachitsanzo: ataima pa benchi, adatenga chikho kuchokera alumali pamwamba.

Gerunds kwaiye deta patsinde kasewenzetsedwe ka mau perfective zinachitika kale mothandizidwa ndi kugwirizana ndi suffixes zotsatirazi:

• -B- ngati m'munsi mneni itha za mawu ndi (kupanga, popeza anaponyedwa kuchokera mwa kuchotsa);
• -vshi- ngati mneni kobwerera ndi maziko ake chikutha ndi za mawu (anasuzumira magazi anayima ataona);
• -shi- ngati m'munsi itha consonant ndi (anataya, zobisika).

Participles ndi gerunds: kusiyana

Nkofunika kuti tisasokoneze funso sakramentili ndi gerunds ndi kuphunzira kusiyanitsa pakati kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa. Ndipotu, palibe zovuta apa. Kuti bwino kudziwa mawonekedwe chimene mawu ntchito ayenera kukumbukira mafunso gerunds (zoyenera kuchita kuchita?), Ndipo amene - pa Mgonero (? Kodi kuchita chiyani kuchita?). Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti njira awiriwa chosiyana mbali morphological ndi phindu. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, mgonero limasonyeza ntchito ndi kutchulidwa zizindikiro adjective, pamene gerund amawerengedwa masitepe owonjezekera.

Morphological kusanthula gerunds

Mmodzi wa mitu yaikulu mu kuphunzira chinenero gawo Russian wa gerund ndi kusanthula morphological a mitundu ya mneni. Akuyendera kugawa operekedwa mu pempholo ikhale kupeza maziko kalembedwe ndi gerund. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, malinga ndi maziko kalembedwe zikutipatsa mafunso. Padakali pano palibe zovuta. Podziwa kuti gerund amayankha mafunso (zitsanzo tatchulazi), kuonetsa zotsatira zina za chinthu kapena munthu amene amatchulidwa mu pempholo kufotokoza mwachidule. Komanso, linalembedwa ndi chitani kusanthula.

Morphological kusanthula anachita ndi chiwembu zotsatirazi:

1. Lembani dzina la chinenero, tanthauzo lake kalembedwe ndi mfundo funso kuti akhoza amaperekedwa kwa mawu waukulu.
2. Lembani koyamba mawonekedwe gerundive ndipo lembani makhalidwe ake morphological, akuti: mtundu gerundive (wangwiro kapena ungwiro) ndi zisadzachitikenso ake.
3. Komanso tisaiwale kuti parses mawu sasintha mtundu, choncho alibe variable otchulidwa morphological.
4. Pomaliza, fotokozani mmene maganizo ndi membala wa gerund mu nkhani iyi.