Mitundu mahomoni anthu ndi ntchito zawo. Ri pa mahomoni

Thupi la munthu - ndi dongosolo zovuta zomwe amachita chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito. A mbali yofunika kwambiri mu gulu yoyenera thupi mahomoni kusewera ntchito. Kodi catalysts kwa njira amuzolengedwa, amene amapangidwa ndi zopangitsa za endocrine. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mahomoni, ndipo aliyense wa iwo ali ndi ntchito yeniyeni.

Gawo mahomoni

Malinga ndi kapangidwe mankhwala, kusiyanitsa mitundu mahomoni. Mapuloteni-peputayidi gulu Chili zinsinsi za zopangitsa izi monga pituitary ndi, ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha, mahomoni pancreatic ndi parathyroid. Kwa mtundu uli ndi calcitonin, amene amapangidwa ndi chithokomiro England. opangidwa kuchokera kwa amino asidi m'gulu gulu lachiwiri (norepinephrine ndi wa epinephrine, thyroxine, etc.). Pali mitundu mahomoni steroid. Iwo apanga makamaka gonads, ndipo adrenal England (esitirojeni, progesterone). Mahomoni magulu oyamba awiri makamaka udindo njira kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi lathu. mahomoni steroid kulamulira mitundu yomweyo ya kukula ndi ndondomeko kubalana. Malinga ndi njira chizindikiro kufala kwa maselo katulutsidwe, kusiyanitsa lipophilic ndi hydrophilic mahomoni. Woyamba mosavuta mkatikati mwa maselo mu phata ake. Yotsirizira komanso kuwamanga kwa maselo padziko amafotokozera structural, kuyambira ndi kaphatikizidwe otchedwa owayimira maselo. Characteristically, ndi mahomoni hydrophilic ali poyendetsedwa m'magazi ndipo anamanga kwa mapuloteni ake lipophilic ndi kusamutsidwa.

dongosolo Endocrine

Choncho ndi kuika wa zopangitsa onse ndi ziwalo mu thupi la munthu kuti secrete yeniyeni zigawo biologically yogwira - mahomoni. Endocrine dongosolo ndi udindo njira zambiri, pamene kuonetsetsa chitukuko wabwinobwino wa chamoyo. Iwo akulamulira zosiyanasiyana mankhwala kuti kupanga mphamvu amakhudza boma psycho-maganizo a munthu. Mwa dongosolo endocrine monga pammero parathyroid, kapamba, pituitary ndi pineal England, zopangitsa adrenal, ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha. Mulinso ndi ziwalo monga testes ndi, mazira. mahomoni onse zinthu mwachindunji mu magazi kapena lymph. wonongeka aliyense wa dongosolo endocrine zingachititse matenda aakulu (shuga, njira chotupa, kunenepa Hyper ndi hypothyroidism
).

Minofu mahomoni, mitundu ndi ntchito

Mtundu wa timadzi opangidwa ku zimakhala thupi ndi mmene kawirikawiri m'deralo. Nthawi zina, mahomoni awa akhoza kulowa m'magazi. Histamine - mankhwala kuti amachita kunja mbali yaikulu pakutchulidwa cha thupi lawo siligwirizana. Pamene mphamvu, izo zimayambitsa vasodilation ndi kuonjezera permeability awo. Histamine Amathandizanso kuchepetsa minofu ya intestine, akhoza kuchititsa spasms mu bronchi ndi. Serotonin ali kanthu kuti: constrict ziwiya, permeability awo amachepetsa. Amatchedwanso timadzi chimwemwe. Ngati chitukuko ndi kwabwino, munthu ali ndi maganizo abwino, amamva funde la mphamvu. Ndipo histamine, serotonin, ndipo amagwira ntchito mwachangu kufala kwa zikhumbo ku ubongo. Kinins - koma mahomoni wina minofu. mitundu ndi ntchito ziri motere. Nanopeptid, kallidin, T-kinin, bradykinin (Sachita magazi) - onse a iwo kulowa m'magazi, kuchititsa zizindikiro kutupa. mahomoni izi zimakhudzidwa lamulo la magazi. gulu lina zinsinsi biologically yogwira minofu - prostaglandins. Zikukhudzira minofu yosalala ziwalo, kuchepetsa katulutsidwe wa madzi muzituluka. Control magawano selo zinthu monga chalones. mtundu wina wa mahomoni minofu - gastrin, secretin.

Mabele England. Mitundu mahomoni ndi ntchito zawo

thupi ili lili mawonekedwe a Gulugufe ndi ili mu khosi (kutsogolo). Kulemera kwa ochepa ake - magalamu 20. Lamulo la ntchito kugonana (kubereka), dongosolo m'mimba, njira kagayidwe kachakudya, kukhalabe munthu wabwinobwino boma psycho-maganizo - izi zonse zimalamuliridwa ndi mahomoni chithokomiro. Mitundu zotsatirazi awo. Thyroxine, triiodothyronine - kwambiri zinsinsi chofunika pa thanzi la munthu. Chifukwa kuti zinapangidwa, ayenera kukhala kudya mokwanira ayodini. The kanthu mahomoni izi ofanana, koma yogwira triiodothyronine. Choyamba, zinthu izi zimakhudzidwa kagayidwe mphamvu. Iwo zimakhudza mtima minofu, intestine, chapakati mantha dongosolo. Komanso, izi mitundu mahomoni akutenga nawo mbali pa chitukuko cha chamoyo wonse, kusasitsa cha ziwalo zoberekera. Calcitonin ndi udindo mlingo wa kashiamu mu magazi, komanso kutenga mbali mu kagayidwe madzi electrolyte. Osakwanira yopanga chithokomiro timadzi kumabweretsa anthu kutopa mofulumira, ulesi, njira zonse kagayidwe kachakudya zinthu mochedwa. Ngati iwo amapangidwa owonjezera, n'zotheka kusunga ntchito ndi excitability kwambiri.

Analysis mahomoni umene umabala chithokomiro

Ngati munthu waona kusintha monga kusinthasintha kulemera (kapena akonzedwa zakuthwa kuwonda), mavuto ndi chilakolako chogonana, kutha kwa msambo, chitukuko kuchedwa (maganizo) ana, onetsetsani kuti mankhwala ndi magazi kuti mahomoni opangidwa ndi mabele England. Yobereka ake ayenera kukhala okonzeka mu njira yapadera. Ndi bwino kuchepetsa ntchito iliyonse thupi dzana mayeso. Ndi ofunika kuthetsa mowa, khofi, fodya (ngakhale tsiku limodzi). Magazi zitsanzo zosankhidwazi amapezeka m'mawa, pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba. mahomoni chithokomiro akhoza ili m'chigawo omangidwa ndi ufulu. Choncho, pa maphunziro kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ufulu thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyrotropin, ndi mlingo wa chitetezo kwa chithokomiro peroxidase, thyroglobulin. Monga ulamuliro, kuphunzira amatenga tsiku lina. Malinga zotsatira analandira tikhoza kulankhula za matenda makamaka.

Parathyroid England ndi zinsinsi zake

Padziko kumbuyo kwa chithokomiro England ang'ono, amene umatchedwanso parathyroid. Iwo amagwira ntchito nzeru kashiamu ndi phosphorous mu thupi. Malinga ndi munthu weniweni, chitsulo mwina ndi mauna-mtundu, alveolar kapena ngati thanthwe. Iwo synthesizes timadzi parathyroid, amene, monga calcitonin nawo mu kagayidwe calcium. Zingamvekere ndi dongosolo chigoba, matumbo, ndi impso. Ngati ulimi wa timadzi parathyroid wasweka, pangakhale matenda okhudza ubongo, mavuto fupa, calcification ziwalo mkati, mitsempha ya magazi. Pamene gipoparaterioze kuoneka omangana minofu, kufulumizitsa kugunda kwa mtima, pangakhale mutu. Ngati muli zizindikiro mungafunike atayezetsa kwa timadzi parathyroid. Ambiri a iwo ali okhutitsidwa kumawonjezera mlingo wa kashiamu mu magazi, ndipo Motero, amachititsa fupa fragility.

The mahomoni opangidwa ndi zopangitsa kwa adrenal

Adrenal - awiri Matupi ndi mtima pamwamba pa impso. Izi mitundu mahomoni ndi ntchito zawo ali motere. Kotekisi zopangitsa umabala zinthu zimene zonse kuwombola zakudya ndi mchere. Komanso, mtundu uwu wa mahomoni kulamulira mlingo wa shuga. Brain Mpira adrenal synthesizes Epinephrine ndi norepinephrine. Nthawi zambiri, iwo amapangidwa ndi kuzaza amphamvu maganizo (mantha, vuto). Pamene deta mahomoni kulowa magazi, kuthamanga magazi, kufulumizitsa kugunda kwa mtima, limawonjezera excitability cholandilira ziwalo mmakutu. Motero, thupi amakonzekera kufunika kusuntha zinthu zopanikiza. The zopangitsa adrenal kutulutsa mahomoni glucocorticoid (tochepa) kuti zonse zimam'patsa kagayidwe. maganizo awo zimadalira nthawi ya tsiku: pazipita kuchuluka kwa tochepa zimawonedwa pafupifupi 6 koloko. Mahomoni mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) malangizo mchere kuwombola. Chifukwa cha iwo, madzimadzi anapitiriza mu thupi. Komanso olekanitsidwa androgens adrenal monga androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Iwo zonse zopangitsa sebaceous kupanga libido. Mu kusanthula magazi mahomoni adrenal kuchulutsa kufufuza DEA. Mkulu wake zili akhoza kupezeka England zotupa. Komanso, owonjezera timadzi umenewu umatipatsa mavuto aakulu pa mimba (padera, kutupikana mwana, ndi mavuto latuluka). Ngati pali vuto la kuchuluka kukula tsitsi pamaso msinkhu, matenda kusamba, kufooka minofu - angafunike atayezetsa kwa tochepa.

Kapamba. Mitundu mahomoni ndi ntchito zawo

Kuwonjezera chakuti kapamba wakhala kukhala wochitachita mu njira ya chimbudzi, komanso umabala mahomoni zofunika thupi yachibadwa ntchito. Onse a iwo kugwa mwachindunji mu magazi anthu. thupi kumabweretsa mitundu mahomoni: insulin, c-peputayidi, glucagon. Ntchito yaikulu ya insulin - zikusintha mlingo wa shuga. Ngati kuphwanya njira zake kaphatikizidwe angathe shuga. Insulin komanso mmoyo kupanga mankhwala yogwira thirakiti m'mimba, esitirojeni kaphatikizidwe. Izo zikhoza kukhala mu thupi la mawonekedwe ufulu ndi kuchuluka. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kapamba osakwanira, ndondomeko ya kusintha shuga mu mafuta ndi glycogen wathyoka. Choncho thupi kudziunjikira poizoni (mwachitsanzo, acetone). Glucagon - alinso lizitha mu thupi lathu. Iwo imayendetsa dongosolo la lipolysis, kumaonjezera madzi a shuga magazi. Komanso nazo amachepetsa mlingo wa kashiamu mu phosphorous magazi. Mitundu ya pancreatic timadzi kanthu ali kwambiri zogwirizana. Zikomo zochita zawo ophatikizana anaonetsetsa msinkhu akadakwanitsira a shuga.

Nchito mahomoni pituitary

Pituitary - endocrine England, chomwe ndi kutsogolo ndi gawo kumbuyo, ndi yaing'ono gawo therebetween. thupi akulemera magalamu 0.5 okha, koma ntchito akutsatiridwa mwachilungamo zofunika. The pituitary England synthesizes mitundu zotsatirazi mahomoni anthu. Adrenocorticotropic n'kulowa kumapangitsa munthu kotekisi adrenal. Komanso mmoyo mapangidwe melanin. Luteinizing timadzi amakhudza uziyenda bwino cha ziwalo zoberekera. Ndiyamika izo kumapangitsa ovulation, umatulutsa androgens. Chithokomiro timadzi katulutsidwe amayang'anira chithokomiro biologically yogwira. Somatotropin wakhala kukhala wochitachita mu kukula kwa chamoyo ndi kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni. Komanso zingakhudze mlingo wa shuga, lipids kuwonongeka. timadzi Ichi ndi udindo yachibadwa kukula kwa thupi la munthu. Kuwonjezeka mlingo wake kumabweretsa gigantism. Ngati kukula timadzi ali pansipa yachibadwa (ana), anaona stunting. Mwa njira, osiyanasiyana kukula timadzi (kupanga) ntchito kulimbana dwarfism, kuonjezera misa mu othamanga. Prolactin - ndi timadzi waukulu udindo kupanga mkaka mu akazi. Komanso, kuthokoza kwa m'badwo wake pamene yoyamwitsa sakukutsatirani mimba kumachitikita. The Lobe pakati amapangidwa melanotropin. Zapambuyo Lobe umabala mitundu mahomoni anthu monga oxytocin, vasopressin. Woyamba amalimbikitsa contractions wa chiberekero, pali yopanga colostrum. Vasopressin kumapangitsa minofu ziwalo monga matumbo, chiberekero, mitsempha ya magazi.

Gonads

Mazira ndi testes kubala kugonana mahomoni. Mitundu zotsatirazi awo. Choyamba, iwo anawagawa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Komabe, wochepa akhoza kupezeka, komanso atsikana. Mitundu mahomoni wamwamuna: testosterone, androsterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenediol. Iwo onse omwe chitukuko cha makhalidwe kugonana monga pulayimale ndi sekondale. Tikumbukenso kuti msinkhu wawo salola Phokoso ngati poyerekeza ndi zinsinsi akazi. Ndiyamika testosterone induces ulimi wa madzimadzi umuna, lotengeka ndi kukopa kwa atsikana. Komanso mwapadera anayamba minofu, mafupa, pali khalidwe la phula mawu wamwamuna. zina mahomoni steroid (mwachitsanzo, DHT) kupereka khalidwe wamwamuna, komanso khalidwe maonekedwe: kukula tsitsi m'madera ena a dongosolo thupi. Mitundu mahomoni wamkazi: progesterone, esitirojeni, prolactin (pituitary England).
Progesterone amapangidwa ndi corpus luteum. chitsulo ichi aumbike pambuyo ovulation. Iwo amachita ntchito zotsatirazi: izo kumathandiza kukula kwa chiberekero, limachititsa linagwira (umuna) atathana mu M'mimbamo ake. Progesterone amakonzekera mkazi pakati komanso kumathandiza kuti mwana wobala. Ngati kuchuluka kwa timadzi si kokwanira, msambo wasweka, pakhoza kukhala magazi. Anavutika pamlingo wochepa wa progesterone ndi boma maganizo: monga ulamuliro, mkazi akudwala alili mwadzidzidzi maganizo. Kuchuluka timadzi mlingo zingasonyeze kaya ndi mimba kapena za chotupa chija. Esitirojeni - mitundu yeniyeni mahomoni mu akazi. Zikuphatikizapo estradiol, estrone, estriol. zinthu zimenezi ndi udindo mapangidwe mkazi mtundu chithunzi, kusintha khungu kamvekedwe ndi elasticity. Kuwonjezera izi, ndi mahomoni izi mtundu amathandiza kuti otaya yachibadwa kusamba. Iwo kuteteza Mitsempha kuchokera kudzikundikira zamadzimadzi zolengeza, ukule minofu fupa, wachedwa izo calcium, phosphorous. Pamene mlingo timafunika sikokwanira, pali chitsanzo wamwamuna wa tsitsi thupi, khungu oyambirira ukalamba wambirimbiri kulemera owonjezera mu pamimba, m'chiuno, mafupa akhale osalimba.

A magazi pa zili mahomoni kugonana

Ri pa mahomoni ndipo zikuphatikiza kusanthula magazi ake okhutira zinsinsi za kugonana. Perekani izo, ngati pali matenda zimenezi :. mavuto kusamba, kulephera pakati mwana, mimba padera etc. Amuna kudzipenda moteromo zikusonyezedwa milandu chotupa amaganiziridwa njira osabereka. Magazi ayenera m'mawa, inu simungakhoze kudya kutsogolo kwa izo. Madzulo a ofunika kusiya kusuta fodya ndi mowa, yovutayi thupi. Mkazi ayenera kusankha nthawi yoyenera kupereka chitsanzo magazi, monga mlingo wa mahomoni zimadalira tsiku kuzungulira kusamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo timaphunzira zizindikiro zingapo. The zili follicle-zolimbikitsa timadzi mu chiwerengero pazipita limasonyeza zosayembekezereka wa ovulation. Mu anthu, timadzi amalimbikitsa kukula kwa tubules seminiferous kusintha anthu ambiri testosterone. Mu matenda a osabereka tikunena lyuteinizirueschemu timadzi. Mu akazi, ndi udindo kusasitsa wa follicle ndi, ovulation, mapangidwe England monga corpus luteum. Ngati n'zosatheka pakati tione zizindikiro za follicle-zolimbikitsa timadzi ndi lyuteinizirueschego mu zovuta ndi. Iwo anagwira magazi ndi kukhalapo kwa wina kuchuluka kwa prolactin. Mu chochitika cha ovulation kuukira kovuta. Nayenso anaphunzira magazi testosterone. Mwa thupi mu amuna ndi akazi. Ngati anachitapo ndi pansipa yachibadwa anthu, khalidwe umuna chatsitsa. Komanso, izo moyipa bwanji potency. Mu akazi, testosterone owonjezera zingachititse padera.