Manauni Tinthu momveka. Lexical ndi kalembedwe gulu la manauni

Nauni - ndi mbali yapadera ya mawu, omwe amatanthauza phunzirolo ndipo akufotokoza phindu ili m'magulu amenewa inflectional, monga choncho ndi chiwerengero, komanso ndi thandizo la mtundu, ndi gulu okhazikika.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mlingo wa manauni ndi phindu. Ife pofotokoza aliyense wa iwo ndi kupereka zitsanzo.

Nauni amatanthauza zinthu m'njira wodziika mawu: maina a zinthu (sleds, lumo, bokosi, khoma, tebulo), anthu (mwamuna, mkazi, mnyamata, msungwana, mwana), zipangizo (kirimu, shuga, ufa), zamoyo ndi zolengedwa ( tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Pike, woodpecker, mphaka), zochitika, zochitika, mfundo (play, moto, tchuthi, kukambirana, mantha, chisoni), komanso procedural ndi makhalidwe kuwasokoneza, dzina lake monga osiyana palokha mankhwala - katundu, quality, chikhalidwe, kanthu (kugona tulo njira, kuthamanga, buluu, opusa, mtima).

Kuweta lexical ndi kalembedwe gulu la manauni

Zotsatirazi mlingo zofunika, zomwe anawagawa manauni: 1) manauni wamba ndi nthanzi; 2) zakuthupi; 3) gulu; 4) umboni ndi konkire; 5) zopanda moyo ndi zamoyo. Izi kukha manauni momveka intersect. mayina Mwachitsanzo, mwina amatchula maina a onse zopanda moyo ndi zamoyo zinthu. manauni Real osonyeza unyinji wa zinthu angakhale ndi phindu gulu (shuga, mphesa, cranberries). Specific (onse lexical ndi kalembedwe mlingo) ophatikizana zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo, ankadziwika ndi maina a zinthu imatengedwa. Pali zitsanzo zina. Komabe, mawu m'gulu limodzi kapena mlingo wina wa tanthauzo la manauni ndi morphological wamba, ndi zina makhalidwe mawu mapangidwe kuti zimagwirizana pamodzi.

manauni Common ndi manauni yake

Chigawo ichi chikuchitika pa maziko a maina chinthu monga nthumwi kalasi kapena monga munthu. Eni onse lexical ndi kalembedwe gulu la manauni (mwa kulankhula kwina - "mayina") - mawu amene amanena zinthu payekha kuti a gulu la homogeneous osati mwa iwo okha chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti chowonjezera izi.

Common manauni - maina, kuyitanira phunziro likhale lake kalasi ena. Izi lexical ndi kalembedwe gulu nauni dzina amatanthauza motero monga chotengera achilendo nzika za makhalidwe izi kalasi.

Ndi mafoni ndi wosakhazikika lolumikiza manauni wamba ndi mayina: manauni nthaŵi zambiri eni (malamulo mayina ndi nicknames). Zawo zambiri ntchito pofotokoza zinthu zofanana ambiri, ndipo adzakhala dzina banja: Knight, Derzhimorda, philanderer.

mayina m'njira yopapatiza

Mwa mayina kukha ngati allocated manauni momveka monga mwini m'njira yopapatiza, ndipo apa. Woyamba ndi zakuthambo komanso malo mayina ndi maina a nyama ndi anthu. Izi - pang'onopang'ono kudzadza osiyanasiyana lexically zochepa, wopangidwa mwa mayina amene anawatumiza ku mutu umodzi. Pakhoza kukhala kubwereza, mwangozi (maina a midzi, midzi, mitsinje), iwo alinso ndi mkulu pafupipafupi dongosolo la mayina a anthu ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana.

dzina

Zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito manauni zosiyanasiyana wamba kapena osakaniza mawu. manauni Common ndi tanthauzo lexical sanataye koma amasintha kugwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: nyuzipepala "Izvestia" mbewu "Hammer ndi chikwakwa" mizimu "Lilac". Atha kutumikira ngati maina ndi mayina: ndi Sitima "Ukraine" hotelo "Moscow".

manauni losonkhanitsidwa

manauni gulu zimapanga kumaliseche osiyana (lexical ndi kalembedwe) mwa manauni wamba. Mwa awa ndi mawu amene anatchula m'ndandanda wa zinthu zingapo ofanana, komanso kufotokoza kufunika mothandizidwa ndi suffixes osiyana: -stv (a) (achinyamata, ana asukulu); -iya (otchuka, Apainiya); -from (a) (osauka), ndipo ena. Kuti gulu nauni ndi nzeru chachikulu ungakhalenso maina analembedwa kuti kuimira m'ndandanda wa zinthu: mipando, zinyalala, mwachangu yaing'ono, pamwamba. Collectiveness chonena mawu lexical, osati mawu mapangidwe. Wakuti manauni izi - kuti iwo alibe zochuluka.

manauni weniweni

Iwo amachitcha zipangizo zosiyanasiyana: zipangizo (simenti, gypsum), zakudya (shuga, ufa, dzinthu, mafuta) mitundu ya nsalu (Thonje, veleveti), zitsulo, mchere (yade, emarodi, zitsulo, tini, yamkuwa, yachitsulo), mankhwala , zinthu mankhwala (ndi aspirin pyramidon, ureniamu), mbewu (tirigu, mbatata, Mapila), ndi zina divisible homogeneous misa.

manauni weniweni, mosiyana ndi kusonkhanitsa, ndi, amangoona suffixes kusonyeza phindu lenileni. Iwo anafotokoza lexically yekha.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito manauni chuma, kapena mu chimodzi kapena mochulukitsa: zonona, mafuta akununkhira, yisiti; tini, ufa, tiyi, uchi. Zimatengedwa nauni, nthawi ntchito za munthu mmodzi, natenga mawonekedwe mochulukitsa, izo losiyana ofanana mitundu lexical: dzinthu (monga chimanga kapena mbewu lonse zomera), koma dzinthu (monga chimanga mitundu).

Mkota (umboni) ndi manauni konkire

Akamva amenewa allocated mwa manauni momveka monga umboni ndi konkire. Konkire - mawu onena za mfundo, anthu, zinthu, zochitika zenizeni, zomwe zikhoza kukhala banki n'kupereka payokha: nkhondo, nkhondo, zomangamanga, mphete, pensulo.
Izi lexical ndi kalembedwe gulu nauni, mwa kulankhula kwina, akuimira zinthu limodzi ndi plurals awo.

Kupatula maina opanda chimodzi (pluralia tantum), manauni onse yeniyeni ndi kuchuluka ndi mmodzi. Malinga ndi makhalidwe morphological wa manauni konkire sikuti zotsutsana ndi zosaoneka. Iwo kutsutsa kwenikweni ndi mlingo gulu la manauni, pluralia tantum; ndipo makhalidwe awo komanso ndife osiyana.

Mkota (umboni) - osonyeza umboni zachikunja, makhalidwe, katundu, limati ndi zochita: kayendedwe, akuthamanga, see, ubwenzi, chifundo, anagwidwa, chabwino, kuseka, zikomo. Ambiri a iwo chimalimbikitsa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi adjectives, manauni anapanga ntchito ziro-suffix (m'malo, kuchotsa, matenda, kuwawa), suffix -skeleton (wamantha zokongola s), -stvo (o) (ambiri a kanthu, Chonyadiritsana Championship) , -chin (a) / - Shin (a) (chidutswa ntchito) lingaliro (anthu, Kuzindikira) -from (a) (hoarseness, asidi mtima) ndi ena. Ang'onoang'ono gawo tichipeza mawu osiyana unmotivated: Kwenikweni, chisoni, chitonthozo, chisoni, chilakolako, chisoni, ufa, mantha, chikhalidwe, maganizo kanthu.

Kawirikawiri palibe njira mochulukitsa mu manauni chabe.

Zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo manauni

Manauni anawagawa m'magulu awiri: zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo. Zamoyo - maina a nyama ndi anthu: nyerere, ndi Pike, ndi starling, mphaka, wophunzira, mphunzitsi, mwana wa munthu.

Zopanda moyo - maina a zinthu zina zonse ndi zinthu: bukhu, tebulo, khoma, zenera, chikhalidwe, koleji, steppe, nkhalango, kukoma mtima, kuya, galimoto, kayendedwe, chochitikacho.

mawu awa ndi mbali zosiyana ndi tanthauzo. Tinthu momveka manauni ndi makhalidwe awo enieni. Zamoyo zambiri mawu mapangidwe ndi morphologically wosiyana zopanda moyo wa. Ili ndi dzina la anthu osiyana, komanso nyama wamkazi, zomwe nthawi zambiri amasonkhezeredwa ndi mawu anacemerwa nyama kapena munthu popanda kutchula akazi kapena amuna kapena wamwamuna: wophunzira ophunzira, aphunzitsi mphunzitsi, wophunzira sukulu mtsikana, mdzukulu, mdzukulu, ndi Muscovite, Muscovite, mkango -lvitsa mphaka mphaka neri Al.

Kawirikawiri zamoyo manauni ndi morphological tanthauzo zachikazi kapena zachimuna, ndi ochepa - pafupifupi, ndipo anatsimikiza mtima semantically a mtundu winawake wa nauni ndi (kupatula pakati wotchedwa kaya pansi wamoyo zolengedwa: dzina la sanali wamkulu munthu (mwanayo), kapena lembani dzina la cholengedwa, nkhope, tizilombo, nyama, nyama). Kugawira manauni zopanda moyo atatu kubadwa morphological - ambiri, amuna ndi akazi.

Paradigms wa zopanda moyo ndi zamoyo manauni

Paradigms wa zopanda moyo ndi zamoyo zonse amasiyana zambiri: zamoyo nazo kupanga choncho accusative, chikugwirizana ndi genitive lapansi. Chitsanzo: palibe nyama, palibe abale ndi alongo (RP), ndinaona nyama ndinaona abale ndi alongo (VP). manauni zopanda moyo mu makanema ndi accusative chikugwirizana ndi nominative pa. Chitsanzo: pa tebulo ndi maapulo, mapeyala ndi mapichesi (IP); anagula maapulo, mapeyala ndi mapichesi (VP).

Takambirana nauni monga mbali ya mawu, Akamva manauni. Tikukhulupirira m'nkhani ino kukhala zothandiza inu. Ngati zili zopelewera, ndife otsimikiza kuti muchione ntchito, zimene zinalembedwa pa nkhani Kochanov ON Kukha manauni momveka m'nkhani mwatsatanetsatane.