Madzi ndi chiyani? Madzi mu chirengedwe. chilinganizo cha madzi

Madzi ndi maziko a moyo padziko lathuli. Komabe, zimene tikudziwa za iye? mankhwala ndi losavuta mankhwala chilinganizo angaphunzire osawerengeka. Kwa nthawi yaitali imene kuli anthu, madzi ali ndi malo lalikulu. N'chifukwa chake, kuthamangira mu kukula kwa mlengalenga, asayansi mukusaka pa maplaneti ena a madzi, zomwe zinali umboni wa moyo kwachilengedwenso. Mwatsoka, ntchito zimenezo akali cabe. Ngakhale maphunziro ambiri ndiponso kutulukira, sitinachite anatsimikizira kukhalako kwa mitundu ina kuti mwina kuposa ife mu chitukuko ambiri nthawi yake.

Madzi - maziko a moyo wathu

Ambiri a ife kuti "madzi ndi chiyani?" Koma popanda, moyo wa munthu sangathe. Science limati asanu Ndisanaumbidwe anthu kuti 97% ya madzi, pobadwa, kuchuluka kwake yafupika 92%, thupi achinyamata lili 80% ya mankhwala, monga munthu wamkulu, kanjedza ndi 70% ndi zaka - 60 okha%. Tingaone zimenezi ndi zonse, amene amatilola ku dziko lino lapansi ndi achinyamata mphamvu ndi kutuluka kwa izo, nakhala ndi zaka kucha akale. Mukhoza n'kudziphatika kwa mitundu yonse ya zakudya, kwathunthu kusiya nyama, buledi ndi mkaka, koma kukusalani madzi zakudya n'zosatheka. Ndi kulakalaka mwamphamvu voliyumu ya madzi m'thupi yafupika 5-8%, pamene munthu ali ananena kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, kusokoneza ntchito ya Pomeza, kukhumudwa kuona ndi kumva, syncope amapezeka. A lalikulu kwambiri drawback madzimadzi akhoza ndalama thanzi ndi moyo. Kufunika madzi kwa anthu kwambiri moti sitingathe kulingalira moyo wanga popanda mankhwala Mipikisano zinchito. Ndipo ambiri a ife kutenga kukhalapo kwake mwachibwanabwana, kuiwala kusamalira izi wopatsa moyo ndi kuchiritsa masika. Madzi - chilengedwe zosungunulira zakudya zonse ndi mchere komanso amino zidulo ndi mavitamini. Ndi kuzolowera kutentha kwa thupi lathu, excrete muli ndi zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu poizoni. Ndi ndi madzi thandizo minofu yathu ntchito yake yaikulu - contractility. No othamanga zodabwitsa zakudya zonse lili kochulukira kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi. madzi mu moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zakudya zofunika ndi zofunika. M'mawa uliwonse Tiyamba ndi kapu ya khofi mwatsopano zinachitika kapena tiyi, limene palibe madzi kuphika ndi sangathe, mbale ambiri amakonda. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti kukhalabe munthu wathanzi ayenera zimawononga patsiku malita 2.5 a madzimadzi - ichi adzaonetsetsa lake bwino, kumapangitsa ntchito maganizo, ndi kupereka mphamvu.

madzi amachita kuti?

lathuli lili miliyoni 1500 makilomita ³ madzi, kumene% 10 okha ndi madzi abwino. malo ambiri ili pansi pa kutumphuka pa kuya zosiyanasiyana - timatha inu kugawanitsa iwo mu pansi ndi pamwamba madzi. Kuya kwa dziko lapansi maiwe amenewa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo ziwiya zimene atazungulira ndipo muli miyala zovuta ndi madzi kuthamanga. Madamu, ili akuya mamita angapo, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko zitsime. Komabe, madzi nthawi zonse pokhudzana ndi wosanjikiza pamwamba pa nthaka lotayirira, kupanga izo zakhudzana ndi si nthawi yabwino zosowa zapakhomo. Kuwundana a Antarctica ili Greenland, ndi gwero chachikulu cha madzi abwino. Komanso, mbali yaikulu mu moyo wathu kusewera ndi mpweya, amene anapanga ndi evaporation a zachilengedwe. Ndipo momwe ife madzi kuchokera m'nyanja dziko kupyolera mu njira zosiyanasiyana thupi ndi mankhwala kulandira pachaka? Tikumbukenso kuti nthawi zambiri zofuna zawo munthu amagwiritsa madzi nyanja ndi mitsinje. Baikal yekha ndiye mtengo chinachake! Pajatu ndi aukhondo ndi yaikulu zachilengedwe mosungiramo, ili mu expanses wa Russia. Ngalawa zoterezi yopanda phindu ndipo nastoyschim chodabwitsa cha dziko. Zoposa 6000 Km ³ madzi kusungidwa ku zamoyo zina, kuphatikizapo zomera. Choncho, zachilengedwe madzi amafalitsidwa kudutsa dziko. Munthu nthawi zonse amalankhula ndi chikhalidwe madzi kudzera thukuta, mkodzo ndi excretion m'malovu madzi ndi kupuma. Komabe, anthu ochepa kufunsa, "Kodi chingachitike n'chiyani ngati kutonthozana asiye" Mu nkhani iyi, madzi m'thupi kumachitika - ndondomeko ya madzi m'thupi. Timayamba ofooka, tili nawo palpitations, kufupika kwa mpweya ndi chizungulire kuonekera. Motero, zimenezi zingachitikire njira sizingasinthe m'magulu mantha ndi mtima, Izi zidzapangitsa kuti imfa ya thupi lathu.

Madzi mu chikhalidwe

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa Dziko Lapansi kuchokera mlenga lenga, mukhoza amagoma ndi mmene molakwika otchedwa thupi ili m'mwamba. The dzina labwino kwambiri chifukwa - madzi. Si chombo poyerekeza dziko ndi buluu mpira, monga ultramarine akhoza kuletsa onse a mitundu amene chibadidwe padziko lapansi.

Nyanja ndi mayi wa zamoyo zonse, ndi asayansi ambiri amanena kuti moyo sanathe chikanachitika ndendende mu malo m'madzi. Mu ochepa ndi kumangidwanso madzi akhoza kudziunjikira ena zinthu organic omwe ali kumeneko ntchito madzi madzi. Ndiye mankhwala amenewa lolunjika padziko lamkati la mchere ndi magawo omwe angathe catalyze zosiyanasiyana. Kenako, chikuni latsopano unexplored moyo kuti anthu anali kutsogolo kufukulidwa. Masiku ano madzi m'chilengedwe amaona kuti nkhani ambiri, kuyambira pa 70% ya malo okwana padziko lapansi aphimbidwa ndi mayiwe achilengedwe ndipo pafupifupi 30% ya dziko. madzi ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana, kuti anthu aphunzira ntchito pafupifupi m'madera a moyo wawo. Tonse amakonda amva mchenga ofunda pafupi ndi nyanja ndipo akuyembekezera dolzhgozhdanny tchuthi ndibwerera wofatsa akukumbatirana ankasewera ndi wofatsa mafunde.

Makalasi madzi achilengedwe

Madzi ndi:

- Mwatsopano - 2.5%;

- mchere - 97,5%;

- mu mawonekedwe a brine.

Poganizira kuti pafupifupi 75% ya madzi ndi boma mazira pa zisoti kumalo ozizira ndi oundana, mobisa ndi 24% a pansi ndi nthaka ndi omwazika 0,5% chinyezi, likukhalira kuti yotsika mtengo ndipo ambiri mosavuta kasupe wa madzi ife ndi nyanja , mitsinje ndi madzi ena pamwamba. Wowopsa kuganiza kuti chifukwa cha okha 0.01% ya nkhokwe madzi a dziko lapansi. Motero, funso "madzi ndi chiyani?" Inu mukhoza bwinobwino kuyankha - izi ndi zamtengo wapatali kwambiri kwa dzikoli.

madzi Features

Mankhwala opangidwa ndi madzi ndi wosavuta - pawiri la atomu mpweya ndi awiri maatomu wa hydrogen. Zingatanthauze kuti zingakhale zosavuta, koma palibe mankhwala zambiri zachinsinsi. Madzi ndi chinthu chokha chimene angathe mwachibadwa kulibe m'madera atatu: gaseous, olimba kapena madzi, amadalira kuthamanga ndi kutentha. madzimadzi Ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri kwa zikamera ndi kusamalira zamoyo padziko lapansi komanso mapangidwe nyengo ndi mtunda.

Madzi ndi chinthu atasamukira mpweya. Iwo wangayo, kupanga maulendo ataliatali kwambiri. Atadziŵa dzuwa amapezeka ndi evaporation wa madzi padziko zomera, nthaka, mitsinje, Madamu ndi nyanja. Ici ulikubala nthunzi amene amatenga m'mitambo natengekatengeka ndi mphepo, ndipo ndiye kugwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe a matalala kapena mvula. Iwo ananena kuti madzi amatha kutulutsa kutentha popanda appreciably kutsitsa kutentha kwake, potero malamulo nyengo. Chilinganizo maselo madzi limasonyeza kuti mankhwala ali ndi dongosolo losavuta, koma amaona pang'ono kufufuza, ngati pali zambiri unexplored strangeness chuma ichi, chimene angathenso kukhalabe ndi moyo padziko lapansi.

thupi katundu wa madzi

Madzi kapena okusayidi wa hydrogen ndi ndi mankhwala mankhwala amene akutenga mawonekedwe a madzi colorless amene ali ngakhale fungo kapena kukoma. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, H2O (madzi) amasungidwa boma madzi, pamene mankhwala ofanana ndi mpweya wa hydrogen. Zonsezi singalifotokoze makhalidwe wapadera wa maatomu kupanga molekyulu, ndi kukhalapo limasonyeza pakati pawo.

A dontho la madzi wapangidwa mamolekyulu kuti amakopeka ndi mizati anyamata, motero kupanga kumangidwa kumalo ozizira, amene kuswa popanda khama zosatheka. Aliyense ataunika kapangidwe kake lili ion wa hydrogen, lomwe ndi laling'ono kwambiri moti amatha kulowa mwa chigoba cha mpweya atomu sizabwino oyandikana nawo molekyulu. Izi zimachititsa ubale wa hydrogen. Madzi chithunzi chikusonyeza kuti aliyense molekyulu ali ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi tinthu anayi oyandikana awiri amene anapanga ndi maatomu mpweya, ndi ena awiri - maatomu haidrojeni. Komanso, madzi ali mkulu mavuto padziko, katundu uyu Mat Mercury yekha. The kukhuthala wachibale wa H2O ndi chifukwa mankhwala a hydrogen musalole mamolekyulu kupita pa liwiro osiyana. Pa zifukwa zomwezo, madzi kuti umenewu ndi zosungunulira kwambiri, chifukwa aliyense molekyulu wa solute yomweyo atazungulira mamolekyulu madzi, ndi lalikulu zedi. Choncho ndithu mlandu kumalo ozizira maselo mankhwala mbali kukopa maatomu mpweya, ndi moyipa mlandu - haidrojeni.

Ndi madzi amachitira?

Ikuphatikizapo zipangizo zotsatirazi:

- zitsulo yogwira (calcium, potaziyamu, sodium, barium, ndi ena ambiri);

- halogens (chloro, fluoro) ndi mezhgaloidnye pawiri;

- mchere;

- anhydrides zochita kupanga ndi zidulo carboxylic;

- yogwira organometallic pawiri;

- carbides, nitrides, phosphides, silicides, hydrides zitsulo yogwira;

- silanes, boron;

- Mpweya suboxide;

- fluorides wolemekezeka mpweya.

Kodi chimachitika pamene usavutike?

Madzi amachitira:

- magnesium, chitsulo;

- methane, mpweya;

- ndi halides alkyl.

Kodi chimachitika pamaso pa chothandizira ndi?

Madzi amachitira:

- ndi alkenes;

- acetylene;

- ndi nitrites;

- amides;

- ndi esters zidulo carboxylic.

The kachulukidwe ya madzi

madzi kachulukidwe chilinganizo akufanana ndi parabola ndi vertex pa kutentha makamaka 3,98 madigiri. Mu Chiwerengerochi osalimba a mankhwala ndi 1000 makilogalamu / mamita ^3. The kachulukidwe dziwe zimakhudza zinthu monga kutentha, amenewa, pamaso pa salt, ndi kuthamanga zigawo chapamwamba. Science zasonyeza kuti apamwamba kutentha, m'pamenenso buku la thunthu ndi kuchepetsa kachulukidwe ake. N'chimodzimodzinso m'madzi, koma mu osiyanasiyana 0 ^C 4 ^C si anachita, monga kutentha kumawonjezera voliyumu umayamba kuchepa. Ngati palibe madzi kusungunuka mipweya, mwina utakhazikika ndi kutentha kwa ^-70 ° C, ngakhale kuti si n'kukhala ayezi. Mofanana mankhwala akhoza kubweretsedwa ku kutentha kwa 150 ^{° C} ndi zilibe wiritsani. Ngakhale kuti chilinganizo cha madzi ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri, katundu kale zikwi zambiri anthu amakakamizidwa kulambira izi amafotokozera wamphamvu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi thanzi

Zigwirizana madzi minofu anthu onse: minofu, mafupa, mapapo, mtima, impso, chiwindi, khungu ndi minofu mafuta. Ambiri mwa madzi, ndicho 99%, limapangidwa thupi vitreous diso, ndi zokayikitsa za 0.2%, dzino enamel. Zambiri zili madzi ndi ubongo, chifukwa popanda mankhwala sitingathe kuganiza ndi kupanga zambiri. zochita aliyense amuzolengedwa zikuchitika mu thupi, akhoza optimally kudzachitika pokhapo chakudya chokwanira madzi, mwinamwake, mu zimakhala ndi maselo Adzadzipezera Zotulukapo za kagayidwe imene idzatsogolera ku matenda oopsa ambiri. Popewa izi, muyenera kusunga mowa moyenera madzi.

Udindo wa madzi m'thupi

Madzi amathandiza kuti:

- zoyendera ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala zakudya, mchere ndi mpweya;

- kuchotsa zinyalala, poizoni, ndi mchere yake;

- normalization wa kutentha;

- lamulo hemopoiesis ndi wolumikizira kuthamanga;

- kondomu mfundo za mafupa ndi minofu.

zizindikiro za kuchepa madzi m'thupi

Pamene madzi m'thupi ali anaona zinthu zodabwitsa ngati:

- tulo, kufooka;

- youma pakamwa, kufupika kwa mpweya;

- kutentha thupi, mutu;

- kuphwanya kulingalira, kukomoka;

- minofu spasms;

- kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo;

- kuuma mtima kunadza masomphenya ndi kumva;

- mapangidwe mafuta mipukutuyi, magazi kuwonongeka;

- ululu malo.

Zotheka matenda dewatering ndi mlingo wa madzi

Akhoza kukhala matenda otsatirawa:

- nyamakazi;

- kutentha, gastritis, kudzimbidwa;

- mapangidwe gallstones;

- kunenepa.

Ndi bwino kumwa tsiku malita 2.5 madzi, kuphatikizapo madzi ali chakudya. Ngati munthu amasuta, amadya nyama, kumwa mowa ndi khofi, tiyenera mlingo tsiku la madzi, monga zizolowezi awa achititsa kuti kuwonjezeka madzi m'thupi. Titapuma usiku, njira zonse zofunika m'thupi mwathu ikupita patsogolo, chifukwa tiyenera kuthandiza thupi lanu ndi kulenga zina madzi otetezedwa kwa iye. Masana, pamene taona pachimake pa ntchito, bwino kutenga madzi chakudya chochepa, kuti zimamuchulukira dongosolo ndi ziwalo. Madzulo ndi ofunika kukweza kukaniza onse ndi kumwa monga inu mukufuna, ndithudi, ngati palibe matenda.

Kaya m'pofunika kusamba pansi chakudya?

Mlingo tsiku la madzi kuti anagawira wogawana, makamaka zothandiza kumwa ena madzi pamaso chakudya matenda kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kuyeretsa njira komanso kuti magazi milingo mafuta ndi ndende kuchepetsa. Madokotala sali amalangiza kusamba pansi ndi chakudya, chifukwa Pankhaniyi madzi chapamimba ndiye kuti sitimadzipereka ndi ndondomeko ya chimbudzi mochedwa pansi. Kupanda madzi m'thupi kungayambitse kuvutika maganizo, chifukwa mu zizindikiro ubongo njala adzabwera, ngakhale kuti posachedwapa anadya. Chifukwa cha ichi, iye kachiwiri kudya m'malo kubwezeretsanso madzi. Pa nthawi imeneyi, zakudya zapadera udzasugidwa monga mafuta, amene m'tsogolo akhoza kusokoneza chikhalidwe ambiri. Kumwa madzi okwanira tsiku ndi tsiku, n'zotheka kubisa mmene njala ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya ankadya, makamaka mafuta. Tikumbukenso kuti timadziti ndi tiyi m'malo kwathunthu ndi madzi oyera, popeza muli yogwira amene akhoza kusokoneza mipweya ya thupi. zakumwa enaake amagwiritsidwa wapangidwa mankhwala zoipa mankhwala kuti lingachititse dewatering zina.

mfundo zosangalatsa

1. Mu thupi la nyama ndi zomera, kuchuluka pafupifupi madzi oposa 50%.

2. The zikuchokera ya chobvala dziko lapansi lili madzi nthawi 10 kuposa m'nyanja.

3. Kuya pafupifupi a m'nyanja ndi 3.6 Km, limafotokoza 71% ya dziko lapansili ndi lili 97,6% katundu kupezeka madzi.

4. Popeza dziko pamwamba protuberances ndi matendawa, madzi pamwamba m'dziko makilomita 3.

5. Ngati oundana onse kusungunuka, madzi adzauka ndi 64 m, umene 1/8 m'dziko akanati anasefukira.

6. Madzi a m'nyanja amakhala pafupifupi 35 peresenti ya salinity, yomwe imawathandiza kuzizira pamtunda wa -1.91 ^o C.

7. Nthaŵi zina, madzi amatha kuzizira palimodzi kutentha.

8. Mumkati mwa nanotubes, madzi amadzimadzi amasintha, mamolekyu amatenga malo atsopano, omwe amalola madzi kuti afalikire ngakhale pa kutentha kwa zero.

9. Madzi amatha kuwonetsera 5% ya kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi chipale chofewa - kuposa 85%, koma 2 peresenti ya masana akhoza kulowa mu ayezi.

10. Madzi oyera a m'nyanja ali ndi mtundu wa buluu, womwe ukufotokozedwa ndi kuyamwa kwake komanso kutengeka kwake.

11. Pothandizidwa ndi madontho amadzi omwe amachokera pamphepete, n'zotheka kubereka mphamvu ya makilogalamu 10.

12. Madzi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zochepa zomwe zingathe kufalikira kusintha kuchokera kumalo oundana kupita kumalo olimba.

13. Madzi a madzi ndi madzi amatha kuwotcha kuphatikizapo fuluu, zitsulo zotere zimayamba kuphulika kwambiri.

Pomaliza

Kodi madzi ndi chiyani? Izi ndizosiyana, kuphatikizapo, mgwirizano, womwe ndi nyumba yaikulu yomangamanga. Palibe zamoyo zomwe zingakhale popanda madzi. Ndi gwero la mphamvu, chonyamulira cha chidziwitso ndi nyumba yosungiramo thanzi labwino. Komabe makolo athu akutali ankakhulupirira mphamvu zodabwitsa za madzi ndipo amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ake pochiza matenda ambiri. Ntchito ya m'badwo wathu ndikuteteza chinthu ichi chokongola kwambiri. Titha kuchita zambiri kuti ana athu amve ngati otetezeka. Kusunga madzi, tidzakhala ndi moyo pa dziko lapansi lokongola ndi lotentha. Anthu, samalirani madzi! Sichikhoza kusinthidwa ngakhale ndi chuma chonse cha mdziko. Madzi ndi chiwonetsero cha dziko lapansi lathu, mtima wake ndi mphamvu zopatsa moyo.