Lamulo la glasnost - chifukwa cha kugwa kwa sotsialistizma lonse

Mu zoyambirira za Mipingo, panali kusintha kawirikawiri atsogoleri chipani mu USSR, Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko ndiye. chifukwa chake alembi ambiri anasiya malo ake, zinali zabwino, imfa ndi chifukwa cha imfa, nayenso, ndi aulemu - ukalamba ndi ofanana matenda ambiri. Ndipo kotero, mu 1985, Mlembi General latsopano anasankhidwa pa Plenum a Komiti Central, ndi CPSU Committee chapakati Mihail Sergeevich Gorbachev. Ndi mfundo za ndiye utsogoleri, iye anali wotsutsa wamng'ono, iye posachedwapa, masiku nayini msonkhano, anatembenuka 54.

Mtsogoleri wa chipanichi, motero dziko, anazindikira kuti dziko zokomera dongosolo, ndi, makamaka, mu Soviet Union , vuto lalikulu. chuma inefficient, anthu kumwa mowa kwambiri, ndipo ndithudi onse mwanjira si choncho ... Ndipo anayamba kuchita.

Patatha mwezi umodzi nzika Soviet anamva kuti mathamangitsidwe - izo si yekha chifukwa chiyani ndi mphamvu, koma njira ntchito.

Posakhalitsa kampani odana ndi mowa, zomwe zinachititsa kumwa zochepa sanatero, koma makampani vinyo ndi viticulture zowawa. Pomwepo adadza malamulo a glasnost. zinthu oyamba.

Choncho, mathamangitsidwe, malamulo a omasukirana ndi democratization mu kuchuluka anatchulidwa mawu "perestroika" omwe ndi ka olimbikitsa kutchulidwa atsogoleri a mayiko a azungu, si lakuti m'zinenero zawo, ngati mawu "Kanema" mu 1957.

Izi ankasinthana mofulumira simungathandize koma ndi mavuto aakulu pa dongosolo yotheratu zokomera, koma anali Gorbachev a glasnost mfundo zinachititsa kuti kugwa kwake kwathunthu.

Kumene, kuti mukupanga parttermin ina kuwononga dziko. Dongosolo lapachiyambi la okonzanso m'Komiti ya ku Central anapatsidwa, monga anafunika anawonjezapo nkhani, kuti awulule zofooka zina, koma chikhazikitso musakhudze, ntchito pa "Stalin zoipa, Lenin ndi zabwino." Ngati Stalin anawomberedwa Bukharin Mwachitsanzo, ndi chifukwa yotsirizira anali kwambiri anzeru. Ndi kutsimikizira anawatenga mu Lenin "Blue Notebook". Yezhov si kuwerenga nkhani yake.

Koma izi malamulo a glasnost Izo zimayambitsa mkwiyo woopsa wa mamembala ena a m'Komiti ya ku Central ngakhale nzika wamba, nkhani wotchuka Niny Andreevoy mu "Pravda" anakhala Ndondomeko awo.

Kuyesera kuti apereke mfundo otaya kulamulira, mmodzi wa atsogoleri a CPSU I. Polozkov anavomera ngakhale pamaso pa lamulo glasnost, ndithu zabwino, koma ufulu nazo yekha chikominisi.

Poona kufooka kwa boma, atsogoleri ambiri kayendedwe chitsutso, makamaka nationalists anayamba n'kudziphatika kwa mzere zawo, kuchititsa imfa ndi chiwonongeko. Izi zachitika mu NK, Tbilisi ndi mfundo zina "anakwezedwa kutentha". Pofunafuna kukhazikitsa bata ndi mphamvu zayambitsa oipitsitsa. Patapita nthawi, anthu ambiri anazindikira kuti panalibe "sosholisimu ndi nkhope ya munthu" sangakhale. nkhope yake sanasinthe. Ikufotokoza kugwa kwa ankafuna kulanda boma mu 1991 ndi chigonjetso cha Yeltsin.

Choncho anathetsa nyengo chikominisi, ndi malamulo a glasnost. Zikayenda ndi ndalama tsopano n'zotheka kuti tisanthule. Zoyambazo monga mosayembekezereka mu mochedwa 80 ntchentche chidwi pagulu mu mau mabuku, ngakhale sakhalitsa. Ndi wachiwiri - Sindingachite chisokonezeko, limene analumphira dziko kwa zaka makumi awiri, ndi kuona zotsatira za tonse adzakhala kwa nthawi yaitali ...