Mphamvu mgulu: lingaliro, zitsanzo. Mumadziwika atsogoleri wachikoka

Kuyambira kale, anthu ndi chifuniro amphamvu, ngakhale mphatso zoposa wachikoka ena, poganizira za tsogolo la anthu ena, mayiko, dziko, anakhazikitsa dongosolo yake ndi ulamuliro, ndipo ambiri a iwo atamwalira akadali kupitiriza zimakhudza moyo umoyo ndale .

mitundu boma

Poganizira mfundo yonena za "mphamvu" ngati gulu sociological lagawidwa mitundu itatu ya ulamuliro. Ndi chovomerezeka (malamulo-zomveka), chikhalidwe, wachikoka ulamuliro. Mu sayansi, iwo amatchedwa mitundu abwino. kugawanika chonchi pa nthawi adati wotchuka German Katswiri mbiri Max Weber. M'pofunika kudziwa kuti atsogoleri wachikoka zambiri ndi makhalidwe awiri sociological: zatheka makamaka anthu ku periphery, ndipo nthawizina nzika zonse za boma lina, ndi pafupi kwathunthu kwa nthawi adafika iwo ku mphamvu mwalamulo, ndipo kudzera kudzitengera kapena chifukwa cha panopa yovuta zinthu.

ulamuliro mgulu monga mtundu abwino

ulamuliro wamphamvu kumatanthauza Maksom Veberom monga mmodzi wa mitundu yabwino. Maphunziro ake, iye sanali kupereka chidwi zokwanira njira imene mtsogoleri izi kapena kuti amakhala wolamulira ndi kukhala choncho, m'malo yaitali kufufuza ubale pakati pa nzika ndi atsogoleri awo, ndiye otchedwa zinthu chikhalidwe.

Choncho, Weber n'chakuti ulamuliro miyambo zachokera chakuti nzika adzakhala basi amavomereza dongosolo chifukwa linakhalapo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ndi maganizo ndi zambiri zosiyana kwa mphamvu ya chitetezo cha tipitirizebe kukhala dongosolo alipo. Mosiyana, malamulo-zomveka ulamuliro ndendende chifukwa cha nchito zake iziyenda nzika chikhulupiriro zoti boma kuti amapatsa anthu kukhulupirira chilungamo cha mphamvu.

Mtsogoleri monga magwero a mphamvu wachikoka

ulamuliro mgulu chokhazikika pa luso utsogoleri, ndi zambiri ngati kapena akungomuganizira kuti khalidwe ndi. Weber mu ntchito yake si kumasulila tanthauzo la mawu amenewa. Ndi wachikoka umunthu amasonyeza kuti ndi mtsogoleri amene ali ndi makhalidwe zauzimu ndi zoposa, kapena luso osachepera wosiyana ndi mphamvu. Choncho, pansi mfundo atsogoleri wachikoka achipembedzo kugwa, koma funso ndi ngati atsogoleri ameneŵa mphamvu yeniyeni amakhalabe funso lofuna. Khalidwe lalikulu la wachikoka ulamuliro Weber - kuli mavuto pachimake chikhalidwe, makamaka wasayansi Kodi suona kuti kutchuka kwa ntsogoleri zingachitike popanda izo.

Akatswiri wotsatira kuti kwambiri kukodzedwa kuchuluka kwa chinthu monga "wachikoka". Ngati poyamba zosiyana kokha kugwirizana ndi mtundu wa "mphatso yochokera kwa Mulungu" kuti ndiye kale ntchito, kuti pambuyo okha anazindikira atsogoleri wachikoka, malongosoledwe a zodabwitsazi Sichikupezeka mawonetseredwe zauzimu. Mawonedwe pa nkhani imeneyi ndi osiyana kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, Marxist Determinism likamanena za maonekedwe a anthu amenewa ndi chifuniro cha anthu amene amasintha, kukana udindo wa munthu yekha. Tikawonetsetsa, monga wangwiro wachikoka mtsogoleri wadziko French Sharl De Goll, ndi limathandiza chiphunzitso cha udindo yekha wa umunthu mu inayake ya mavuto, imene mwachindunji analemba m'buku lake "The lupanga."

Zochita za mtundu uwu wa mphamvu

Mndandanda wa katundu chosiyana ngati khalidwe la ulamuliro wachikoka akuwonetseredwa mu mfundo zotsatirazi:

1. Kwambiri kutchulidwa khalidwe lenileni.
2. Vneistorichnost, mwachitsanzo mtsogoleri zambiri satsatira olakwika aliyense, malamulo ndi malamulo amene analipo kale.
3. Kupatuka ulamuliro wachikoka ku mavuto mwangwiro yeniyeni ndi tsiku ndi tsiku, chuma makamaka. njira chosaneneka nkhani zachuma - zambiri wachikoka ulamuliro akapanda kusonkhanitsa misonkho, ndi kudzachotsa njira kulanda ndi expropriate iwo, kuyesera kupereka zimenezi kuyang'ana malamulo.

umboni

Zizindikiro za ulamuliro wachikoka kumawonetsera motere:

1. Chigawo Public maganizo chifukwa cha kuphunzira tsogolo ndi mtsogoleri thandizo, otsatira kulumikiza mapulani awo ndi ntchito gulu la.
2. Ndichiyembekezo digiri yapamwamba ya Changu cha mbali, omwe kwenikweni kuyesera kukhala mtsogoleri wamphamvu wa "kuti m'munsi".
3. Malo chapakati pa maubwenzi onse chikhalidwe wapatsidwa kwa mtsogoleri. Choncho, kumverera kuti mtsogoleri ali paliponse ndipo akutenga mbali mu chochitika chilichonse chikhalidwe.

zinthu zabwino ndi zoipa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulamuliro wachikoka

Umayenda, ndiko kuti, nzika anagwirizana ndi gulu, pali, mwamsanga pamene nambala mokwanira lalikulu la anthu akufuna kukhala otsatira a mtsogoleri wawo. Palibe njira inanso munthu wa boma kuposa mtundu wa ulamuliro wachikoka. mphamvu yotengedwa ndi mtsogoleri, mtundu wa aura mozungulira iye ndipo kuthandiza koposa kukhulupirira luso lawo, amene nawonso, amakopa otsatira kwambiri. Koma mtsogoleri wamphamvu sizikanakhala koteroko ngati anali sadamve zosowa za anthu.

Mphamvu Utsogoleri, wachikoka ndi chikhalidwe, amapeza zofunika kwambiri wotere, pamene chofunika kusintha kapena kusintha kotheratu chilengedwe kuti si kusinthidwa kwa cholinga ichi, chifukwa inert pali chikhalidwe ndi miyambo, ndipo nthawi zambiri kwa nthawi yaitali mu mkhalidwe stagnation. Komabe, wosakhazikika ndithu chifukwa chakuti mtsogoleri ayenera zonse amasonyeza mphamvu zake ndi exclusivity, kusamalira, komanso mu kufanana kuthetsa mavuto zambiri ndi bwino loti. Apo ayi, ngakhale kulephera umodzi wa mtsogoleri pamaso pa otsatira angasiye chikoka, tanthauzo ndi imfa ya umayenda.

Komanso, mtundu uwu wa mphamvu, monga positives ndi zovuta. Kuti mfundo zazikulu zoipa monga chakuti boma, wachikoka mu chikhalidwe, nthawi yomweyo pali kudzitengera, kuwonjezera kukakamiza nkoyenera wofufuza ndi kuthetsa pafupifupi tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ngakhale zing'onozing'ono zochitika za masiku a boma. Komabe, ngati mtsogoleri akhoza kuthana ndi mavuto amenewa, pali kwambiri zotsatira zabwino chifukwa chakuti mphamvu kwenikweni Cholinga ambiri chidwi anthu.

Makhalidwe a mtsogoleri wina wachikoka

Osachepera wachikoka uyenera kukhala zingapo zochititsa kuti angatchedwe zofunika:

• mphamvu, mwachitsanzo, luso la "limatulutsa" ndi "recharge" mphamvu kwa anthu ena;
• chidwi zokongola maonekedwe, kutanthauza kukopeka, koma osati kukongola kwa (zambiri atsogoleri a mtundu uwu ali ndi zofooka thupi);
• digiri yapamwamba ya ufulu wodzilamulira mu malo oyamba ndi maganizo a ena;
• luso kwambiri makupeka;
• mtheradi ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba mwa iye mwini ndi ntchito yake.

Zitsanzo za azitsogoleli wachikoka

atsogoleri mgulu poyamba yodziwika Maksom Veberom ngati achipembedzo munthu, koma angathe kusintha moyo chikhalidwe. Palibe kukaika kuti Yesu Khristu ndi Mtumiki Muhamadi ndi umunthu wachikoka, amene ali ndi mbali yaikulu pa ndondomeko mbiri. Koma kukhala wachikoka ndiponso ndi mtsogoleri wamphamvu - izi ndi awiri zinthu zosiyana kwathunthu. Mtsogolo, ndi Katswiri Dzhordzh nkhokwe pang'ono kusintha zinthu zosiyana, ndipo panthawi omwe ife kulitcha kuti atsogoleri wachikoka, n'koyenera kwambiri tanthauzo lina - ndizo "mtsogoleri amunamuna".

Kuti umunthu amunamuna anali dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky, Genghis Khan, Lenin ndi Stalin, Hitler ndi de Gaulle. Anthu amenewa ndi maluso osiyanasiyana kwambiri zitsanzo yaikulu ya kanjedza wachikoka, amene anali mu zochitika yovuta anali atsogoleri amunamuna. M'nkhaniyi, zovuta dzina atsogoleri wachikoka wa opanga zikulu, monga Henry Ford, Endryu Karnegi ndi Bill Geyts, ngakhale kuti mosakayikira adzalandira wachikoka. Pamodzi, akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi zina mwa zitsanzo tingachipeze powerenga za atsogoleri wachikoka (amunamuna), amene kwenikweni anali ndi mphamvu kochepa, kusonyeza kukopa kwake kwambiri mwa kuthandizidwa ndi mbali - Jeanne ^D, Arc, polimbana Zhukov, Suntuke Guevara. History amadziwa zitsanzo zambiri pamene mphamvu, wachikoka ndi yovomerezeka ambiri kunatha ndi kugonjetsedwa kotheratu kwa mtsogoleri ndi malingaliro ake, natumikira monga chida cha chiwonongeko cha limati ndi ziŵalo dongosolo la dziko. Izi, kumene, Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler, Mikhail Gorbachev.

Kutsiya atsogoleri wachikoka kwathunthu mfundo imeneyi popanda zosungitsa aliyense akhoza zimachitika kokha munthu mmodzi - Fidel Castro, amene Inde, ngakhale pambuyo Kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi otchuka kwambiri mtsogoleri pakati pa anthu ake, komanso mu dziko la chikhalidwe TV.