"Kukwera Green" ndipo zotsatira zake

Vuto kupereka chakudya ku mayiko underdeveloped, kudzasokonezeka lero, panalibe dzulo. Kuyesa kuthetsa nthawizonse anayesetsa mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mu 40s wa atumwi 20 ku Latin America anayamba kusandulika kuti kungabweretse imabereka kwambiri, motero athe m'mayiko amenewa kubala mankhwala okwanira ulimi kukwaniritsa zofuna za anthu ake. masinthidwe zimenezi zimatchedwa "wobiriwira zisinthe". Inde, zinthu zasintha kwambiri. Iwo kukhala wabwino kapena kuposa kukula m'mavuto a mayiko wosowa? Nkhani pansipa.

Mawu akuti "wobiriwira zisinthe" anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu 1968 ndi V. Gaudio, Director wa Agency US for International Development. mawuwa ananena kale kuwona kusintha kwakukulu mu ulimi wa Mexico ndi Asia. Ndipo anayamba ndi pulogalamu womulera mu 1940s oyambirira, boma la Mexico ndi Rockefeller Foundation.

ntchito yaikulu

Program chitukuko ulimi mu maiko njala zolinga zikuluzikulu anapereka ali motere:

• chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano ndi zokolola apamwamba amene kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi zochitika nyengo;
• Development ndi kusintha machitidwe ulimi;
• kuchuluka ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza ndi mankhwala zida zamakono zaulimi.

The "wobiriwira zisinthe" amagwirizana ndi dzina la American wasayansi, analandira mu 1970, Nobel Prize chopereka ake kuthetsa vuto chakudya. Izi Norman Ernest Borlaug. Iye ankachita nawo kuswana mitundu yatsopano ya tirigu kuyambira chiyambi cha mapulogalamu atsopano a zaulimi ku Mexico. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake analandira ogona kukana kalasi ndi yochepa tsinde, ndi zokolola m'dziko chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi 3 choyamba zaka 15.

Kenako zinachitikira kukula mitundu yatsopano analamulira mayiko ena Latin America, India, m'mayiko a Asia, Pakistan. Borlaug, yemwe ananena kuti "kudyetsa dziko", natsogozedwa ndi la International Tirigu Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro Program, kenako anachita monga mlangizi ndipo anatsogolera kuphunzitsa.

Ponena za kusintha kuti anabweretsa "wobiriwira zisinthe" iye anali kuyima pa gwero wasayansi ake ananena kuti ichi ndi chigonjetso osakhalitsa, ndi kutchulidwa ndi mavuto kukhazikitsa kuwonjezeka mapulogalamu zakudya mu dziko, komanso zoonekeratu kuwononga chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi.

The "wobiriwira zisinthe" ndipo zotsatira zake

Kodi zotsatira za kusintha, yomwe inatenga zaka zambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko? Ziwerengero zotsatirazi. Pali umboni kuti chiwerengero cha zopatsa mphamvu mu zakudya tsiku la anthu m'mayiko osauka chinawonjezeka ndi 25%, ndipo ambiri amanena izi athandizapo amene anabweretsa "wobiriwira zisinthe". Ichi chinali chifukwa cha m'mayiko ena ndi zokolola zichuluke mpunga ndi minda ya tirigu kale anayamba m'mayiko 15. 41 zosiyanasiyana watsopano wa tirigu chinapezeka. Ndi kukula m'dera la dziko kuphunzitsidwa kuwonjezeka 10-15% zokolola zinali 50-74%. Komabe, kutembenuka ndi pafupifupi osati anakhudzidwa mayiko osowa African, kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha kusowa chitukuko cha zomangamanga m'deralo.

The downside ndi koposa zonse, mmene pa biosphere lapansi. Kuda mankhwala kwa nthawi yaitali analetsa DDT akadali zimapezeka Antarctica. Asafe feteleza anali zinawonongeka kwambiri kwa dothi ndi zochepa kwambiri ntchito minda zinachititsa kuti kutopa awo pafupifupi onse. Osaphunzira unsembe ndi kukonza kachitidwe ulimi wothirira zinachititsa kuti kuipitsa madzi pamwamba. Lero, ndi gwero chitukuko zina umenewu ndi pafupifupi wotopa, choncho kukula kwa vuto chakudya chokha kukula.

Komanso, pali nkhani zambiri za chimene chiri chifukwa cha "wobiriwira zisinthe" m'mayiko osauka akhala ngati madera chakudya. Mlingo wa chitukuko ulimi mu mabanja payekha akadali otsika, ndipo alimi ambiri payekha ataya chonde dziko lawo. Patsalanso funso lofuna ndi amadza zakudya GM thanzi la munthu.