Kodi mitima ambiri nyamayi? Kapangidwe ka nyamayi ndi. chithunzi

Kodi mukudziwa kwambiri za nyamayi chiyani? Komanso, iwo ndi miyendo eyiti? Mwachitsanzo, kodi mukudziwa angati mitima ya nyamayi chiyani? Inde, funso linafunsidwa ndi zoona mwamtheradi. Ndipotu nyamayi si mtima umodzi koma pang'ono! Kapena kodi timeneti?

Dziwani izi. Osati mu mitima angati a nyamayi, koma ambiri, chotero chirombo, kumene angapezeke.

Nsomba zikuluzikulu

Nyamayi (chithunzi m'munsimu) amatanthauza cephalopods. Zilombozi moyo mu malo nyanja za dziko lapansi, kuchokera kozizira ku Antarctic ndi kuwamaliza. Komabe nyamayi sangakhoze kulekerera madzi abwino, ndi amenewa Apatseni zosachepera 30 peresenti.

miyeso awo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi masentimita angapo mamita 6.7. Koma onse chomwecho "kukula pafupifupi" kwa iwo - ndi mamita 1.5-2. Lalikulu nyamayi moyo pa gombe la Colombia: ena kulemera 15-20 makilogalamu, ndi tentacles cha kutalika zimasiyanasiyana mamita 2 2.5, ndi zina zambiri!

nyamayi kwambiri lingamutsatire anapeza mu Western Canada. Izi chimphona nyamayi kulemedwa makilogalamu 242, ndipo kutalika kwa tentacles anafika mamita 10! Yoopsa, mwina anthu. Tsopano nkhani zonse zokhudza oyendetsa kraken amatha kumira chombo, nkhanza nthano chabe mopusa.

Kapangidwe kunja nyamayi ndi

Nyamayi zofewa chowulungika thupi, atavala chovala (khungu-akulu sac). Zovala ndi yosalala, ndi ziphuphu kapena makwinya (malingana ndi mtundu wa nyamayi). Mkati, pansi apo, pa matupi athu.

Chobvala muja yosungirako madzi. Popeza nyamayi - cholengedwa nyanja, popanda madzi kulibe. Pofuna kutuluka pa dziko, ndipo pamafunika m'matangadza madzi. malo ichi ndi chokwanira kwa maola anayi. Komabe, panali malipoti pamene nyamayi anakhalabe pansi kuposa tsiku.

Pa mutu wa maso nyamayi ndi lalikulu, ngati anthu ambiri zolengedwa pansi pa nyanja, ndi ana lalikulu woboola pakati.

Small nyamayi pakamwa, ndi awiri nsagwada amphamvu. Kunja, iye pang'ono ngati mlomo wa Chingolopiyo a. Choncho, wotchedwa - "mlomo". M'kamwa ndi outgrowth a chinenero ( "odontofora"). Pa mbali zonse za thupi ndi makutu, amene ali ndi udindo m'zigawo mpweya ndi madzi.

Manja tentacles

Chokani kwa mutu eyiti tentacles manja ozungulira pakamwa. Kumbali lamkati la lililonse tentacles ndi suckers chimene nyamayi amatha akugwira m'zigawo kapena ndodo kuti zinthu m'madzi. Pa "dzanja" la suckers kungakhale kwa 220! Choona chidwi n'chakuti suckers ndi a chowunikira zithunzi. Choncho nyamayi wapadera: kuona miyendo yake!

Nyamayi zambiri chandamale cha matenda adani. Choncho, chikhalidwe anapereka nyamayi luso kukana ziwalo zawo kuti apulumuke. Mdani kokha chikho. Mundawu ndi sayansi otchedwa autotomy. tentacle minofu anayamba ndi kuotcha moti kumabweretsa chophukacho. Kwenikweni tsiku lotsatira bala akuyamba kuchiritsa, ndi kumene kukonzanso chimakula. Inu mukuti, ngati buluzi ndi. Koma, palibe. Buluzi akhoza kutaya mchira kokha mu malo ena, kenanso, chimodzimodzi. Ndi nyamayi akhoza detach "dzanja" kulikonse kumene iye akufuna.

Kapangidwe mkati mwa nyamayi ndi

Nyamayi ndi ubongo yaikulu, amene amateteza chichereŵechereŵe kapisozi (chigaza). ubongo wapangidwa ndi magawo 64 ndipo ali ndi zoyambira za kotekisi lapansi. Akatswiri yerekezerani nyamayi nzeru ndi maganizo a mphaka zoweta. Nyamayi angathe maganizo ndi wochenjera kwambiri. Iwo ndi kukumbukira, ndipo ngakhale angathe kusiyanitsa pakati akalumikidzidwa zojambula.

Monga zolengedwa zina, kuchokera nyamayi kudya chiwindi, m'mimba, Prostate ndi kapepala matumbo. Mwachitsanzo, kum'mero kwa m'mimba likulowerera chiwindi ndi ubongo. The kum'mero ndi woonda kwambiri, choncho pamaso panu kumeza chakudya, wokongola nyamayi udzaphwanya ake "mlomo". Kenako kale mmimba kugaya chakudya mothandizidwa ndi madzi m'mimba, imene chakudya chiwindi ndi kapamba. Mmimba, ndi nyamayi ali ndi ndondomeko - tsekum, amene ali ndi udindo mayamwidwe wa zakudya. Chiwindi ndi nyamayi - lalikulu bulauni thupi chowulungika. Iwo amagwira ntchito zingapo: akuyamwitsa amino zidulo, michere, chimabala ndi ogulitsa zakudya.

Kumbuyo a Chigaza ali ziwalo za mgwirizano - statocysts. Iwo mutsanulira mwa zomwe madzi kusungidwa ndi miyala Mbali yokhala ngati (statoliths). Pamene nyamayi thupi atasintha mu mlengalenga, timiyala kusuntha ndi amakhudzana ndi makoma a thovu yokutidwa maselo tcheru kuti kwambiri mtima nyamayi. Mu njira iyi tingathe azivala malo opanda kuwala.

Mu wapadera mafuta rectum nyamayi amasunga katundu wa inks poizoni, amene ali ndi mankhwala kwambiri. Khungu (kapena kani, chovala nyamayi) muli maselo a chindunji: hromotoforam ndi iridiotsistam amene amakumana luso kusintha mtundu. Akale ali wakuda, wofiira, zofiirira, lalanje ndi inki chikasu. Chachiwiri choti nyamayi kuti akuda chibakuwa, wobiriwira, kapena buluu zachitsulo mtundu.

Nyamayi kwambiri kuyambira mitsempha ya magazi. Minofu ndi khungu mu malo ambiri capillaries kuti kutumikira kusuntha mitsempha ndi mitsempha.

Kodi mitima ya nyamayi zambiri

Choncho tabwera yosangalatsayi zambiri mafunso. Ndi kale momveka bwino kuti anthu amenewa ndi mtima umodzi. Koma ndiye chiyani? Mwina aliyense anadabwa lero. Pambuyo nyamayi 3 mitima. Atatu! Palibe oimira nyama, achule, kapena mbalame zimenezo chodabwitsa si. Inde, pali mitima anayi, monga nyama, atatu chipinda, ngati achule, kapena ngakhale umodzi chipinda (nsomba) za mtima. Koma mtima umodzi aliyense!

Ndiye chifukwa chake nyamayi 3 mitima? Kumbukirani kuti mtima - minofu kuti ndi kudula pa mtengo ena, ikukoka magazi mu zamoyo. Choncho, cephalopods, monga nyamayi, si kwambiri "opambana" makutu: kulenga wamphamvu magazi kukana. Choncho, mtima umodzi basi osati kupirira izo.

Kodi ntchito?

Choncho nyamayi mitima atatu. chinthu chimodzi - chinthu chachikulu kuti amayendetsa magazi thupi la nyamayi ndi. Uwu ndi mtima imakhala atria awiri ndi ventricle yaing'ono. Ndipo mmodzi kwambiri mtima pafupi wina ndi makutu (ali nyamayi awiri). Izi mtima ang'onoang'ono. Iwo kuthandiza minofu waukulu kukankhira magazi mwa makutu, kumene kale wodzazidwa ndi mpweya, limabwerera ku atrium lalikulu la mtima. iwo "gill" ndi zikutchedwa.

Ngakhale kuti mitima ya nyamayi, iwo onse nkhondo njira yomweyo. Pafupipafupi contractions izi amadalira kutentha madzi, chomwe n'chinthu. Choncho, yozizira madzi, pang'onopang'ono kugunda kwa mtima. Mwachitsanzo, pa kutentha 20-22 madigiri mgwirizano minofu kwinakwake nthawi 40-50 mphindi.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mtima wa nyamayi, kapena m'malo mtima, si mbali chabe ya mollusk lapansi. achirendo kwambiri ndi mwazi wake. Iye kulingalira buluu! Chinthu ndi kuti ali ndi puloteni keyhole kuti lili oxides mkuwa.