Kodi kulemba nkhani mabuku: zitsanzo, kapangidwe ndi kulemba dongosolo

Mu nkhani ina amapereka ophunzira ano kulemba essays monga mbali ya mayeso mu Chirasha ndi mabuku, komanso ambiri a makampani izi kupereka mpikisano wa ntchito zimenezi yosankha antchito atsopano. Tikumbukenso kuti amafuna wophunzira ntchito penapake akusemphana mkati polemba chinenero chimenechi. Koma chirichonse chimene icho chinali, muyenera kuchita mayeso ndiponso chuma wina pa nkhani imeneyi kudzakuthandizani kukhala zosafunika.

Chinachake ndi Maganizo

Ngakhale zambiri kapena zochepa, ndipo zaka 435 zapitazo, Montaigne anayambitsa mfundo za mtundu wanyimbo nkhani. Latin kholo la mawu omwe anamasuliridwa kuti "weighting", nafika Chirasha French akuti ali ndi matanthauzo angapo: izo pokambirana za sewero, sewero, kuyesa mtundu wina wa zinachitikira, ndipo ngakhale nyemba. Zikuoneka otsiriza ndipo anatsimikiza kuti anaonekera mu sukulu mtundu watsopano wa ntchito olembedwa: kulemba nkhani mabuku ndi Chirasha.

Mu Russia, kutanthauzira yeniyeni polemba chinenero ichi chikuperekedwa burlesque mwambo - ndi "tione ndi chinachake." Eti, mu nkhani iyi kuposa yoyenera, chifukwa n'zosatheka bwino otchedwa yaing'ono buku prose ntchito popanda zikuchokera zochokera okha m'maganizo aphunzitseni ali sakhudzidwa kukhala zochuluka za nkhani fano.

Complete ufulu mu ulaliki zakuthupi ndi kuthekera wodzilamulira akuti anapanga mtundu wanyimbo essays otchuka osati kuyesa nzeru ndi maluso a ophunzira, koma mmodzi wa i yofunika kusankha ogwira mu magulu osiyanasiyana. Zotsatila ino kuthandiza mabwana amene akufuna kuwona gulu kuganiza mwakuya ndipo ndi maganizo a anthu. Choncho, aliyense ayenera kuphunzira mmene kulemba nkhani mabuku. Zitsanzo za ntchito zabwino nthawi zonse zothandiza m'tsogolo.

Malo ambiri cha kudzinenera zakukhosi

Kulemba nkhani akufotokozera maganizo a kulenga ndi luso la mawu olembedwa maganizo ndi zokumana ndi fanizo la atsogolera mtsutsano. Maonekedwe a mtundu wanyimbo izi:

- kulingalira mu ntchito nkhani imodzi kapena nkhani inayake; pakhoza kukhala kusanthula kwambiri mavuto;

- nkhanizo zochokera zawo ndi zidindo, choncho sangathe kutanthauzira zochuluka mutuwo; Tinganenepo adzatchedwa zifukwa munthu;

- kulemba nkhani mabuku zikusonyeza mawu atsopano pa chifukwa chilichonse, ndipo ngakhale mitundu m'maganizo, mtundu wa ntchito izi zikhoza kukhala zosiyanasiyana (mbiri ndi mbiri, nzeru zaumunthu, zopeka, zolembalemba, yapadera, journalistic, sayansi ndi otchuka);

- ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri polemba chinenero ichi - la wolemba adzadziwire; zili zikhazikitsidwe maganizo ake, maganizo ndi zinthu.

mbali mtundu wanyimbo

Kumene, kuchokera essays sukulu, essays akhoza kufuna kugwilizana kwambiri ndi zotsatira zonse polemba chinenero, koma mukudziwa siyingawapweteke.

1. wotsika buku. Ntchito zolembalemba zingakhale ku tsamba buku makumi angapo. Mu ambiri mayunivesite Russian ndi chovomerezeka 10 A4 masamba a amaika kompyuta, monga Mwachitsanzo, pa Harvard, akhoza musalumphe awiri. Ntchito pa nthawi mayeso Kumkwanira mawu 300.

2. Enieni. Wokwanira kuganizira vuto lina kuti alembe nkhani, essays mabuku. Zitsanzo ayenera kutsimikizira akufotokoza mfundo yakuti adzalenga umodzi mkati.

3. Nkhani ndi zina. Kuti zikuyenera kuchitika woyambitsa wa owerenga, ndiyeno kudzakhala kosavuta kupewa kwambiri kapena lecturing kamvekedwe, zovuta kusokoneza kumvetsa nyumba ya. Ngati inu mukukhulupirira ofufuza polemba chinenero, mukhoza kulemba nkhani zabwino, ndi yekhayo amene ali mutu, ndipo malinga ndi zofunika kwa mwini.

4. chododometsa. Lumikizani kumvetsa matanthauzo ofananafanana, mawu aphoristic ndi matanthauzo, makhalidwe a chodabwitsa kuchokera kotala zosayembekezereka - ndi chibadidwe ntchito za amisiri amene nthawi iliyonse zodabwitsa owerenga ndi chifukwa kusonyeza.

5. Kusowa chimango ofunda. polemba chinenero uyu samvera nzeru, apa chirichonse maziko pa mayanjano. Koma mfundo ya "njira yonse mozungulira," muyenera kuphunzira, choncho essays sukulu mabuku zitsanzo za zimene, ngati n'koyenera, angapezeke ndi kuwerenga, koma pang'ono malamulo.

6. Kulankhula utolankhani. Kupereka wowerenga wina, muyenera kulankhula chabe, koma kukhala osamala za kamvekedwe zosafunikira. Komanso zosavomerezeka inayake mawu, slang, chidule mawu. Ziyenera kukhala malawi a kuuza maganizo awo.

Kapangidwe ka nkhani sukulu

Musanayambe, ndikofunika kusankha mutu umene uli pafupi ndi boma mkati mwa wolemba. Komanso ndi cholinga kulemba: ati anati kwa latsopano, kuti akwanilitse ntchito nkhani - kukopa tcheru. Ndi bwino nthawi yomweyo amati ndi buku ankafuna.

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, ntchito polemba chinenero ichi si ovuta kapena mokakamizidwa zikuchokera - akuyenera ufulu ndi ndege maganizo. Koma, kulankhula za ntchito wophunzira, muyenera amakumbukira moyo ang'ono ndi zinachitikira zolembalemba achinyamata. Kumene, iwo akusowa thandizo, essays chitsanzo, essays mabuku, kotero ophunzira ankakonda kupereka dongosolo ankayembekezera lemba:

- Abstracts (malingaliro munthu), monga ulamuliro, kuika patsogolo pa chiyambi.

- Mfundo (umboni) kuthandiza maganizo a wolemba. Pamene mkangano, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo kudziwika, zochitika, ndi zochitika za moyo chikhalidwe; zimene zimachitikadi kapena maganizo a akatswiri odalirika ndiponso Kafukufuku; amanena kuti mabuku mankhwala. The mulingo woyenera chiwerengero cha mfundo - awiri.

- Chiyambi - izi ndi kuganizira kwambiri za vutolo, tikambirana.

- Kutsiliza - la wolemba maganizo anuanu pa nkhaniyi.

Kutsatira dongosolo la ndime ayenera allocated molondola. Musaiwale kuti nkhani mtundu wanyimbo mu mabuku N'zosatheka expressivity (kutengeka) ndi Art (Zabwino ntchito ndalama). Ndi bwino kusankha losavuta komanso ziganizo lalifupi, osiyana mu kamvekedwe ndi cholinga mawu. Mukapeza conjunctionless ndi maganizo chosakwanira chingatithandize kupewa prolixity.

Gawo mwachibadwa

Mwina, palibe mutu imene sizikanatheka kuti alembe nkhani. m'madera Latitude amafuna njira zanzeru. Choncho, Mtsutso angakhale:

- wauzimu ndi chipembedzo;

- luso journalistic;

- zolembalemba-yovuta;

- nthanthi;

- luso mbiri.

Maganizo mu mawonekedwe a

lingaliro lililonse akhoza kuyika mu chipolopolo zolembalemba. Izi kuwonjezera chidwi ndi zachilendo kwa essays mabuku. Zitsanzo za zimene inu mukhoza kulemba nkhani imeneyi, zikhoza anakumana ndi njira zachilendo:

- epistolary mtundu wanyimbo (kalata);

- zolemba (chochitika kuti mumve);

- lyric kakang'ono (kulongosola);

- review (woyenera maganizo);

- Nkhani (Article pa TV).

Kusankha njira ya ulaliki

Mitundu ya essays kungakhale:

- mawunikidwe (anamanga pa kuwunika);

- yovuta;

- Kuganizira (Yankho lenileni kuti chinachake);

- Nkhani;

- lofotokoza.

Pali njira ziwiri

Muyenera mosamala kukonzekera kulemba essays mabuku, mitu amene kusankha maganizo. Ndi chiyani icho? Mwachitsanzo, kupereka ziyenera anakambirana pa chodabwitsa chilengedwe makhalidwe - kulemba ntchito zotengera malingaliridwe. nkhani amenewa akusonyeza khalidwe la mlembi. Ndipo ngati nkhaniyi kumafuna kulingalira vuto sayansi chibadidwe ntchito iliyonse akatswiri ndiye kuti cholinga nkhani, pamene phunziro la kapena kufotokoza ndi chachikulu, wolemba agonjera iye. Childs, kusukulu ntchito zofanana olembedwa mu mitu zinenero kapena zolembalemba.

Nkhani lemba anapatsidwa

M'pofunikanso kukhala pa mfundo yolembera lomaliza mu mayeso pa chinenero cha Chirasha. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito cliché chifukwa nkhaniyo. Malinga ndi mabuku, ndi bwino kupewa keke wodula ntchito. Choncho, mu ntchito Russian chofunika kulemba yochepa opus lemba anapatsidwa. Ndipo ngati inu mukukumbukira kapangidwe ka nkhaniyo, pali mfundo zina: kufunika kuonetsa malo a wolemba (wolemba wotchuka, wasayansi, kapena mtolankhani), ndi kusonyeza mtima chawo.

Support atha kutumikira ngati akuti:

• kuwunika (zimene);
• kudziwa chilli (zimene);
• kufotokoza njira;
• zichokera chakuti;
• zochokera pa luntha lako;
• kusiyanitsa mfundo;
• ankaona ziloleka;
• kulabadira;
• kutsimikizira momveka;
• kudziwa chikhalidwe;
• anatsindika kufunika.

Kodi kupewa

Aliyense amene anachenjezera forearmed. M'pofunikanso mobwerezabwereza nkhani wotchuka mabuku zitsanzo za amene adzakhala chitsanzo chabwino. ufulu mtundu wanyimbo amatanthauza zinthu zopanda malire, koma zolakwika mawu an'dzacosa ndege wa ganizo kwa kanthu.

1. Chongani zonse. Ndipo osati kalembedwe. Werengani mokweza kufunika kumvetsa. Tikaphunthwa - kotero ndinakumana kukhota zoipa, ndipo ayenera m'malo. Pasakhale mawu osokoneza.

2. Timasonyeza mwaluso. Ganizo nkhani ayenera kukhala lowala, ndipo si mafanizo zochepa chidwi ayenera kupereka ndalama. Zinali mfundo kuzimiririka ndipo zosakhutiritsa kuchepetsa mlingo wa ntchito.

3. Chotsani owonjezera. zolakwa Chitsanzo kungakhale yaitali kwambiri oyamba kapena retelling mwatsatanetsatane ntchito, kutengedwa ngati mkangano. Verbosity dilutes lingaliro. nkhaniyo liziyang'ana padziko lingaliro limodzi. Ndi mfundo zowonjezera ndi zododometsa impoverish izo.

4. Mwachidule. Kukonzekera nkhani mabuku lagona kudziwa kulemba ziganizo yochepa (izi sizitanthauza kuti yosavuta yekha ndi monosyllabic wa ganizo). Long malembedwe alibe zotsatira emotionality chindiletsa indentation articulation. Kodi ntchito conjunctionless ndi ziganizo chosakwanira.

5. Kulemba bwino. Sikuti mu nkhani kusonyeza erudition awo sayansi. lemba cholinga wowerenga-bwenzi, choncho pasakhale mawu achilendo, napempha thandizo dikishonale kapena Encyclopedia.

Opus kwa akulu

Ngati chifukwa cha essays sukulu - kuwunikira pa nkhani mpikisano chifukwa cholowa ntchito kungasinthe moyo wanu wonse, kotero muyenera lembani kuyesa lomaliza. maganizo onse ayenera sanded, mkanganowo aumbike pa mfundo za logic ndi kalembedwe ulaliki - wangwiro. Ndipo tikumbukire kuti si nkhani, essays mabuku - zitsanzo za m'mabuku pali pang'ono zogwirizana.

mfundo zofunika chidwi kwa abwana ake:

- ziyenera anu payekha kwambiri;

- kukhoza kufotokoza maganizo pa pepala;

- mlingo wa kulemba;

- mtima ndi kuona mtima;

- luso nditaona ndi nthabwala;

- wosangalala ndi moyo.

Essays mabuku pa nkhondo

Zitsanzo za ntchito anthu ena akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa cholinga cha ndemanga. Plagiarize - ntchito wosayamika. Ngati munthu akhoza kulemba nkhani, ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani inu kuphunzira kuchita izo? Osachepera kuyamba monga chonchi.

"Nkhani Vasilya Bykova" Sotnikov "imatengedwa kukhala chinthu osati mochuluka za nkhondo, koma za kusankha makhalidwe a munthu. Pa kodi zimadalira? Chabwino, sizili kukhala choncho: mu vuto yovuta musanasankhe zochita, wina amati, "Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ine anaphunzitsidwa makolo mmene kuphunzitsa aphunzitsi, mwinamwake, aliyense tikambirana ine munthu woipa." Ndikuvomereza kuti ndi akuimira. Ine ndidzakhala amaganiza kuti zosankha makhalidwe anakonza moyo wonse m'mbuyomu. Iye mwachibadwa kwa munthu, kupanga zokonda pakati maapulo awiri.

Apa ndi - pa zokoloweka ndi zingwe zopota asanu. Kuti aphedwe zisanu: Basia mtsikana, akale Peter, mayi wa ana atatu ndipo zigaŵenga zankhondo Demchiha: Nsomba ndi Sotnikov. Ngati iwo anali kusankha kukhala ndi moyo? Inde. Zotsatirazi kuphedwa kwa kuzungulira, ndipo kotero adzakhala wopanda kanthu. "

Kulowa ndi. The nkhani yolembedwa kuika patsogolo. Mfundo poyamba. Pamenepo mungathe kudalira mfundo za moyo, ndi zonse achire wathunthu.

Nkhani kulemba sikovuta, ngati muli chinachake kunena ndi kwambiri kugawana.