Kodi bomba la bomba ndi lotani?

Pansi pa liwu lakuti "bomba lamabomba" ("mabomba a mabomba") amamveka ngati kupitiliza kwamuyaya, kwanthawi yaitali, kupambana kwa mabomba.

Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito powononga gawo la mdani, pamodzi ndi antchito ake, ndikupukuta malo, magalimoto, mabungwe akuluakulu kapena nkhalango zazikuru kuchokera pansi pano . Kuwononga kotheratu kwa chinthu chosankhidwa ku mabomba ochiritsira, moto, phosphorous, napalm, ndi zina zotero zimawonjezeredwa.

Mbiri ya maonekedwe a bomba lamapu

Kufukiza mabomba kunatchulidwa nthawi yayitali asanawonekere. Mwachitsanzo, wojambula wotchuka wa sayansi Herbert Wells mu buku lake "Kuwonekera kwa Tsogolo" analongosola za kuwonongedwa kwa mzindawo pamene anaukira ndi ndege. Malingaliro akuti m'ndende zam'mbuyomu maphwando adzaukira mizinda ya adani ndi cholinga cha chiwonongeko chochuluka, chomwe chinalongosola mu 1921 wotchuka wotchuka wa asilikali wa Italy ku Giulio Douay.

Bomba loyamba la mabomba linapangidwa ndi chiwerengero cha mabomba ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ndege za ku Germany zinagonjetsa mzinda wa Guernica (1937, Spain), zinatengera gulu lonse la legion. Anthu oposa 100 amaonedwa ngati akufa.

Pamene njirayi idasinthika, Ajeremani adaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito panthawi yomweyo ndege zowonjezereka, kupitiliza kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Kodi mukudziwa, mwachitsanzo, masiku angapo bomba la Stalingrad linatha Ndipo ndi ndege zingati zomwe zinagwira nawo ntchito?

Stalingrad

Izi zinachitika pa August 23, 1942. Patsikuli, ndi mphamvu ya 4 Air Fleet, Ajeremani anagwira mabomba aatali kwambiri komanso owononga kwambiri m'mbiri. Icho chinatha pafupifupi masiku atatu. Panthawiyo, nkhondo inali pamphepete mwa mzinda, ndipo anthu okhalamo amakhala ndi moyo wamtendere weniweni: mafakitale, mafakitale, masitolo, ngakhale masukulu ndi anyamata oyang'anira zikondwerero ankagwira ntchito moyenera.

Ndege zoyamba zinayambira pa 18.00. Malingana ndi dongosolo la Stavka, pafupifupi mfuti zonse zotsutsana ndi ndege zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenyana ndi zida zankhondo, pomwe panthawiyi panthaŵiyo panthawiyi panali 169th Panzer Division ya Ajeremani, kufunafuna kulanda kumpoto kwa mzindawu. Zenitches analetsedwa kutsegula moto pa ndege, kotero kuti matanki adalandira zipolopolo zambiri. Mkhalidwe umenewu unasankha kugwiritsa ntchito mdani.

Mapulanetiwa anawuluka m'magulu a mabomba okwana 30-40. Magalimoto onsewa amatha kuchoka pamtunda tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo pa nkhondoyi, zoposa theka la katundu wa nyumba za mzindawo zinawonongedwa. Mzinda wisanayambe nkhondo unasanduka mabwinja oyaka moto. Chilichonse chinawotchedwa. Kuwonjezera pa nyumba ndi zomangamanga, dziko, udzu ndi madzi zinali kuyaka - A German anawononga matanki ndi mafuta osakanizika, ndipo anasefukira mumtsinje. Mumsewu munali kutentha kotero kuti zovala zinkasunthidwa ndi anthu amantha. Popeza kuti chitoliro cha madzi chinasokonezeka, panalibe madzi, motero panalibenso kanthu kokha kozimitsa motowo. Pa tsiku limenelo, anthu pafupifupi 40,000 anafa.

Bomba la Germany

Monga njira yowopsyezera komanso pofuna kuthetsa chiopsezo cha anthu a boma la Germany kuti asagonjetse, mabomba a mabomba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Royal Air Force ya Britain ndi US Air Force.

Pofuna kutulutsa mphepo yotentha yamoto, ndegezo zinamangidwa m'makilogalamu angapo, omwe amanyamula magalimoto m'mimba mwa mabomba osiyanasiyana: fugaski, konkire, kugawidwa, ndi zina zotero.

Mabomba omwe amabwezedwa ndi a British

Mabomba a Allied Carpet a ku Germany Anali ndi zolinga zosiyana. Ndege za ku Britain zinkaponyera mabomba makamaka m'mizinda ya ku Germany kuti zisawonongeke anthu, makamaka antchito ogulitsa mafakitale. Pofika pa September 22, 1941 ku likulu la British Air Force, adagonjetsa mizinda yambiri ya ku Germany.

Malingaliro a British, ntchito ya anthu iyenera kusweka kwathunthu pambuyo pa mabomba asanu ndi limodzi pogwiritsa ntchito tani imodzi ya mabomba pa anthu 800. Kuti anthu asakhale ndi mantha nthawi zonse, nkofunika kubwereza miyezi 6 iliyonse.

Ndipotu

Izi ziyenera kuzindikiritsidwa, pamene German "Luftwaffe" idagonjetsa bwino nkhondo ya Red Army, anthu a ku Britain adagwira ntchito popanda kutsutsa. Mphamvu ya kuphulika kwa mphepo ku Britain kwawonjezeka. Amakhulupirira kuti mizinda ina inaphedwa, monga pansi pa mgwirizano wa Yalta nkhondo itatha kugonjetsedwa ndi Soviet.

Chitsanzo ndi bomba la Dresden. Komabe, kuwonjezera apo, panalinso Magdeburg (kuwonongedwa ku gawo la 90%), Stuttgart, Cologne (65%), Hamburg (45%), ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri a Chingerezi anatsuka matauni ang'onoang'ono omwe analibe chitetezo chilichonse. Mmodzi wa iwo akhoza kuonedwa kuti Würzburg.

Mabomba omwe amabwezedwa ndi Amerika

Mosiyana ndi Britain, ndege ya ku America inagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuwononga mafakitale ndi maulendo othawirako. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu kunatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi mfundo: malo osatetezeka kwambiri mu chuma, mgwirizano pakati pa mwayi ndi zosowa, malo a mabungwe, malingaliro a zopangidwe zopangidwa, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zinapangidwira bomba zinagwirizana. Ilo linali ndi zinthu 76.

Anthu a ku America sanali achangu pa mabomba monga British. Ndipo si zachipulumutso kapena chinachake chonga icho. Pa nthawi ya bomba lamakampani a Darmstadt, Schweinfurt ndi Regensburg, adanyozedwa kotero kuti adataya gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndege zawo, chifukwa chotsatira magalimoto otsalawo.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kuphulika kwa mabomba ndi mizinesi ku Germany chinali kukhazikitsa mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yowonongeka kwa mgwirizanowu ku Ulaya.

Kupha mabomba pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

Achimereka anapitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ngakhale pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kubweretsa mabomba a mizinda ya North Vietnam, monga Hanoi ndi Haiphong. Pogwiritsa ntchito kayendetsedwe ka ndege ndi kuwonongeka kwa mabomba, zotsatira za ntchito zoterozo zinakula kwambiri. Malinga ndi lipoti lonena za kuphulika kwa mabomba a Indochina, Purezidenti wa ku America, dzina lake B. Clinton, adapereka ku Vietnam mu 2000, matani 3 miliyoni (mamiliyoni atatu) a mabomba osiyanasiyana adagwetsedwa ku Cambodia okha. Pafupifupi makilogalamu 500 pa wokhala m'dzikomo.

Anthu a ku America samayiwala za bomba lero. Makamaka, Washington akutumiza ndege za B-52 ku Middle East kukamenyana ndi IGIL. Ayenera kuchita bomba lamakono ku Syria komanso Iraq. Adzatsatiridwa ndi mabomba a B-1, omwe ali pamtunda pompano.

Kupha mabomba ku Russia

Amadziwika ndi maulendo angapo a bomba ku Afghanistan. Woyambitsa ndi wokonza njirayi mu Soviet ndege ndi Dzhokhar Dudayev. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ku Afghanistan mapiri sanaoneke bwino. Anthu okwera ndege ankanyamula ndege kuchokera kutali ndipo anatha kubisala m'mapanga osiyanasiyana ndi malo ena.

M'zaka zapitazi za nkhondo, malo ena amatsitsimutsa bwino - mabomba a mabomba akuluakulu. Ntchito yawo imasokoneza mapiri, kuteteza mujahideen kuti asapulumuke.

Panaliponso Kupha mabomba ku Chechnya . Maluso omwe anakhazikitsidwa ku Afghanistan anali othandizanso m'dziko lawo. Makamaka, kuphulika kwa mabomba kuchokera pamtunda waukulu wa mudzi wa Elistanzhi pa October 7, 1999 kumadziwika. Anthu 34 adamwalira, makamaka amayi ndi ana.

Njira yogwirira mabomba ikupitirirabe. Kumeneko idzagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yotsatira, pamene ikhala funso.