Kodi Arctic ndi Antarctic? Malire a Arctic. M'dera la Arctic. Udindo Hrs ya Arctic

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za zimene kozizira. Amene akhala maphunziro a sekondale, monga ulamuliro, nthawi yomweyo ali pang'ono kuti atiuze za izo. Tiyeni tikumbukire sukulu madera Inde.

Kodi Arctic ndi Antarctic?

Onse mawu awa akutanthawuza mbali ya dziko, wapafupi mitengoyo. wina mbali iyi yokha wa North Pole, ndi zina - ku South. Ambiri, n'zosadabwitsa, ndi kusochera mu mawu. Ndipo onse chifukwa mawu ofanana mu phokoso, koma muzu chomwecho.

The Arctic ndi Antarctic ndi mawu a chiyambi Greek, koma ndi Greek wakale. Chifukwa cha mawu - muzu wa "Arktos" amatanthauza chimbalangondo. N'chifukwa chiyani chimbalangondo?

Ambiri mwina, choncho zakuthambo. Inde, ambiri a kuwundana lotchedwa maina a anthu otchuka a Agiriki: Centaur, Orion, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Pegasus, Taurus, Cepheus. Kuphatikizapo Little wonyika ndi Big. Choncho, mu kuwundana wa Ursa Minor ndi North Star, amene ali pafupifupi pa North Pole. nyenyezi pinpoints malangizo kumpoto mu Chigawo (kumpoto).

Kodi dzina la

M'pake kuti amaganiza kuti dzina amatengedwa motere. Podzikongoletsa m'maso kumalo ozizira Star lili Ursa Minor ndi Ursa - Arktos umasonyeza ulamuliro wa kumpoto, ichi ndi Arctic. Iwo likukhalira kuti Arctic - Dziko Lapansi kumpoto.

Koma Antarctica dzina lake, mogwirizana ndi malamulo a kalembedwe Greek, imene phindu mnzathu akakhala ndi manambala oyambirira "odana". Pano pali ndi kopanda za chiyambi cha mayina a Arctic ndi Antarctic.

Arctic

Choncho Arctic ndi chiyani? Ndi dera m'dziko pafupi ndi North Pole. Pamafunikanso mphepete chokhala a North America, Europe ndi ku Asia, pafupifupi lonse Arctic Ocean ndi chilumba, komanso madera ena pafupi ya Pacific ndi Atlantic nyanja. Ku malire a kumwera kwa Arctic ndi kale unachitikira pa Arctic Circle. Ndi madigiri 66 ndi mphindi 33 kumpoto kumpoto. Pankhaniyi, tikhoza kunena kuti m'deralo Arctic wa makilomita lalikulu 21 miliyoni.

The nyengo ya Arctic pang'ono lililonse limatisokoneza kuposa Antarctic chifukwa zimathandiza ndi mafunde a nyanja.

Antarctic

Antarctica - ndi kum'mwera kumalo ozizira mbali ya dziko lapansili, ndilo pafupi ndi Pole South ndipo zikuphatikizapo Antarctica ndi mbali ya Indian, Atlantic, Pacific. The nyengo mu Antarctica ali kwambiri. Ndi kunyumba kwa anyani.

malire Arctic

Kodi malekezero kapena umayamba Arctic? malire Arctic ndi kale unachitikira, monga tanena kale, pa uthunthu kumpoto. Koma nthawi yozizira (kozizira) zinthu amaoneka mu zigawo zambiri chakum'mwera. Kenako, kutenga nkhani m'madera a m'dera Arctic adza kwa makilomita lalikulu okwana 27 miliyoni. Kotero, kudzalimbikitsa ndi malire ake.

Arctic zone - wolemera kwambiri dera, ngakhale mavuto nyengo. Nawa anaikira nkhokwe yaikulu kwambiri mchere: siliva, diamondi, golide, chromium, phosphorous ndi ena ambiri. Udindo Hrs ya Arctic anatsogolera chakuti adzaupereka kwa mbali angapo a dziko, limene mpaka akhalabe nkhokwe osafikiridwa wa hydrocarbon ndi zipangizo mchere yaiwisi. Komanso, dera wolemera mafuta ndi gasi.

Tikumbukenso kuti malire a kum'mwera kwa Arctic pachikhalidwe unachitikira (mofanana) ndi kum'mwera kwa dziko la Titafika pamalo a.

Ambiri, ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi yaikulu dera. Ndipo kulankhula za kumene ndi kumalire a kozizira, n'zotheka kwa nthawi yaitali. Si mophweka.

Ngakhale kuti dera osiyana, koma malire a Arctic ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pa imodzi mwa njira takambirana kale. Ndi madigiri 66 ndi mphindi 33 kumpoto kumpoto. E. Malire a Arctic ndi kale unachitikira pa Arctic Circle. Kumpoto kwa ufulu lino kusunga chodabwitsa chidwi kuti tsiku kumalo ozizira ndi usiku kumalo ozizira. Ndipo izo zikutanthauza m'dera m'chilimwe dzuwa sikupatsa nthawi, ndipo nthawi zina dzuwa silituluka m'nyengo yozizira. Pano pali chochitika chachikulu.

Kumbali ya nyengo pa malire a gawo Arctic unachitikira, kumene pafupifupi July kutentha si upambana madigiri khumi. Choona chidwi ndi kuti ndi malire a zomera chifukwa mitengo kumpoto nkomwe kupulumuka.

Nyengo ndiponso madera malire a kozizira ali kale unachitikira mu malo osiyana. Apa Mwachitsanzo, Iceland ndi bwino kum'mwera kwa Arctic Circle, komabe pali July kutentha musalumphe madigiri 10.

Arctic lapansi

m'gawo Arctic, kapena kani, dzikolo, malo makilomita lalikulu 14 miliyoni. M'mayiko zimenezi ndizo wambiri kwambiri kumpoto kwa chiwerengero cha mayiko. Ndi Russia, Greenland, Canada, USA, Norway, Iceland, Finland ndi Sweden.

Udindo Hrs ya Arctic ndipo zotsatira zake ngati nkhani zosangalatsa. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Canada ndi ku Russia limabweretsa ambiri (80%), United States - 4 peresenti, ndi mayiko a ku Scandinavia asamukira za sikisitini peresenti. Gawo lachitatu la dera - ichi ndi Ocean Arctic, omwe amatsuka pa North Pole. Ambiri a chaka chomwe ali ndi ayezi.

Nthawi zina si zofunika kwambiri, kumalire a kozizira pachikhalidwe unachitikira ku mfundo Hrs lingaliro, ngati tikulankhula mbali zosiyana kuti m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Kudera limeneli akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo Hrs: Russia zone, Canada dera, Alaska, Greenland, Spitsbergen, Iceland ndi Fennoscandia.

Mu Arctic, Russia uli Kolguev (Island), North lapansi, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Latsopano Siberia Islands, Wrangel, etc. Komanso, Russian Arctic zone limabweretsa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu madera awa: .. Sakha Republic, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Murmansk , Chukotka District, Yamalo-Nenets, Nenets ndi Taimyr chilumba.

ndi wotani kwa Arctic?

Akulankhula za chiyani kozizira, ine ndikufuna kuona kuti si monga matalala ayezi, monga ena amaganiza. Ndipotu zinyama ndi zomera a dera ili ndi wapadera kwambiri. Subarctic ndi kozizira chipululu anthu mitundu osachepera 20,000 osiyana zomera, bowa, nyama ndi tizilombo. Ndi kunyumba nyama wapadera ndi zomera akukula, amene sanapezeke kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. Ngakhale mu mapangidwe ngati ankhanza ndi zinyama kusamala zachilengedwe. Nyengo ya M'madera a zitunda awa abwino okhala pa Mitundu ina ya zinyama ndi zomera. Mwachitsanzo, mu Arctic ndi 25% ya mitundu ya salmonids kuti pafupifupi 12% ya lichens ndi ndere 6%.

Mwachibadwa, nyama ndiponso zomera omangidwa kwambiri anagawira malo achilengedwe. Tizilombo, monga wamoyo pano, amapanga theka la zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya dzikoli. Oddly zokwanira, koma kupilira ambiri kafadala ndi ntchentche, okhoza kupirira kutentha kwa opanda madigiri sikisite. Bumblebees ndi udzudzu Arctic mungu maluwa m'derali ndipo Ndipotu pali pafupifupi palibe njuchi. Monga mukuonera, kozizira - si lopanda moyo dera, monga ambiri amakhulupirira.

Malinga ndi maganizo a anthu stereotype kuti malire Arctic kuti kale anali ndi Madzi oundana, ndi dziko wamba, koma zimenezi si zoona kotero. Monga mukuonera, moyo ngakhale m'malo nkhanza.

chomera dziko

Nyama ankaikira chisokonezo ndi ulemu kwa zomera kum'mwera (Asian ndi American) ya Arctic ndi chidina. Pa otsetsereka kum'mwera kwa Chukotka ndi malo steppe. Asayansi amati kamodzi onse kozizira anali steppe olimba (mu masiku a mammoths). The zomera olemera mu dera Arctic - ichi ndi gombe la Chukotka ndi Wrangel Island. N'zovuta kulingalira, koma mitundu makumi ya zomera ndi nyama zimene zimakhala pa mafupa, paliponse chirichonse mu dziko sanalembedwepo.

Zomera ukufanizidwa ndi dzinthu, poppies kumalo ozizira, sedges, msondodzi, ndere, nyenyezi yaing'ono birch, liverworts, ndere (pano limakula ndi ndere wotchuka - mphalapala Moss). Chaun Bay pa gombe la Chukotka ambiri ndi malo apadera. Pali m'nkhalango ya Seaweed, ndi zotsalira za m'mbuyomu, yotentha zaka zambiri.

Arctic zomera - maziko moyo wa munthu ndi nyama m'madera amenewa. Mu chakudya ntchito russules, cloudberries, lichens ndi zitsamba. Mu Iceland Mwachitsanzo, kale anapanga chakudya ndi mkate wophikidwa ku ndere wamba (otchedwa Tsentrariya). Iye ndi mtsogoleri zomwe zili kufufuza zinthu, mavitamini, polysaccharides, zidulo zosiyanasiyana. Iye amachita monga chizindikiro cha chiyero cha chilengedwe.

dziko nyama

Arctic kufotokoza chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula kwa dziko nyama. M'dera lino anthu nyama okongola kwambiri a kumpoto - mphalapala, amene ali ofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wa anthu ang'ono zakwawoko. Pakuti mphalapala woyendayendawu ndi gwero la mphamvu - ndi mkaka, nyama, zikopa, antlers. Onse mankhwala n'zotheka kuti azolowere ndi moyo mu zikhalidwe za kutentha otsika. Venison - mankhwala wapatali kwambiri magalamu zana nyama yokwanira kuonetsetsa mavitamini ndi mchere munthu tsiku lonse. Komanso, venison zimapangitsa chiseyeye, beriberi, matenda kagayidwe ndi magazi m'thupi.

Anthu kuŵetedwa mphalapala kwa zaka, kulima lawo lasanduka zinazake miyambo ya anthu kumpoto. Koma mitundu ya North America sanali domesticate nyama, iwo amakonda kusaka caribou.

Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mphalapala amoyo m'chigawo Yamalo-Nenets, komwe zikwi za nyama zinkapezeka.

Arctic musk ng'ombe

Akukhalabe mu Arctic musk ng'ombe - ndi ungulates waukulu ali achibale a mammoths. Nyama modziwika ndinazolowera moyo mu chilengedwe nkhanza. Ofunda yaitali odula amaziteteza ku chisanu ndi mphepo, iwo makamaka udzafunidwa chakudya. ng'ombe Musk akhala m'gulu la Red Book of Russia. Panopa, amakhala yekha pa Taimyr Peninsula ndi Wrangel Island. Pa zilumba Canada, chiwerengero chawo zonse limakula. M'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, iwo ankakhala mu Alaska. Asayansi amati nyama angathe kusintha malo chifukwa likutentha, chifukwa iwo sakanakhoza kukhala mu mvula nthawi zonse kuti chonyowa ubweya. Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nyama anakhudzidwa ndi alenje. Zachilengedwe malo mimbulu kumalo ozizira kuimira ngozi chifukwa nswala ndi musk ng'ombe.

Pakuti anthu a m'dziko la Arctic ndi kutchera misampha chikhalidwe, chifukwa pali zambiri nkhandwe, weasels, wolverines, afisi ndi nkhandwe kumalo ozizira.

Mbali yofunika ya unyolo chakudya ndi makoswe ndi akalulu. Hamsters kudya lemmings tsiku ndi nthawi theka chakudya kuposa iwowo kulemera.

dziko la mbalame

Kozizira ndi pafupifupi theka la mitundu ya gombe mbalame kuzungulira dziko, ine ndiyenera kuti iwo ali m'gulu kwambiri pakati pa msilikaliyo ndi machitidwe m'mphepete mwa nyanja. N'zovuta kulingalira gombe popanda "rookeries", ndi madera lalikulu la gulls, fulmars, cormorants, guillemots, murres pano.

Mu miyezi yochepa yotentha m'mphepete mwa nyanja nyanja Arctic zisa mitundu 280 ya mbalame. Kawirikawiri ndi chizolowezi mbalame, kwezani ana popita ku Africa, Europe, Antarctica, Asia. Taimyr Mwachitsanzo, kale kale malo ofunika a mbalamezi zimakumana ndi waterfowl kusamuka. Kozizira ndi kwawo kwa anthu waukulu wa atsekwe woyera, zomwe zikukhazikitsa pa Wrangel Island. Mu Yakutia moyo Kireni woyera ndi woyera Kireni - mmodzi wa mitundu rarest padziko lapansi.

nyama zam'madzi

Zizindikiro za Arctic akhala nyama zam'madzi. Komabe, zinthu kusalankhula anthu zinachititsa chakuti mitundu ina akhala pafupifupi ratu kunja. Zofunika kwambiri nyama aakulu dera - chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira. Nthawi zambiri pali 19 anthu, omwe tichipeza nyama 22 chikwi. Zimbalangondo ndi theka-m'madzi moyo, iwo zimaswana m'mphepete mwa Chukotka Cape Chilakolako pa Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land. chachikulu m'mphepete mwa nyanja rookeries walrus ili pa chilumba cha Wrangel. Ichi ndi otetezeka kwa iwo.

Kusaka kwa zimbalangondo kale mwalamulo yoletsedwa. Koma anthu a Greenland ndi Canada si ndithu akulemekezedwa chiletso, amvekere ziphatso kusaka, chifukwa cha zomwe akanaphedwa nyama 350 pa chaka.

Alaska komanso chaka kutilola adani a zinsomba ndi bowhead zinsomba.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Monga mbali ya nkhani tikambirana za m'madera ozizira kwambiri dzikoli. Monga momwe taonera, zilibe kanthu kumene kumalire a Arctic amachitidwa pa mapu, pakuti onse mofanana pali moyo ngakhale otsika kutentha kwambiri. Ngakhale kumadera awa ali zomera zake ndi zomera.