Kodi ankalankhula? NKHANI m'zilembo mwacitsanzo Russian, German ndipo English

Ngati tiyenda pachimene chinenero, kwenikweni zofunikira kwa tanthauzo la mawu akuti. Kuchokera Greek "dialektos" anamasuliridwa kuti "adverb". Izo zikutanthauza chinthu chomwecho - ndi mtundu wa chilankhulo amatchedwa chinenero, amene ntchito ndi ochepa okha a anthu. iwo zambiri kumaphatikizapo mwina Kupititsa kapena kuntchito kapena chikhalidwe ammudzi.

Features ndi kulunjika

Ponena za kuti, kodi chilankhulo, tisaiwale angapo zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Choyamba n'chakuti anthu m'zilembo amene ali dera lawo, ndi chinyezimiro cha miyambo zinenero anthu. Nthawi zina ngakhale m'zilembo amenewa anakhala maziko chiyankhulo cha Amalawi. Iwo analankhula za lonse osiyana a gawo, lomwe likutanthauza. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kupanga chilankhulo derali. Ndipo iwo amati, nthaŵi zina ngakhale mkati m'mudzi momwemo. ndi chinenero zokhudzana ndi munda katswiri wa ntchito chiyani? Ichi ndi mtundu umene umakhala mu chinenero chake chokhudza anthu amene ali mamembala a mtundu womwewo wa ntchito kapena ntchito. Ndipo potsiriza, mawu ochepa za chilankhulo chikhalidwe. Iye ali wapadera kwa gulu linalake la anthu. Komabe, osati kuyang'ana pa mfundo yakuti mawu akuti "chilankhulo" ali ndi matanthauzo angapo, akatswiri a zinenero ndi philologists akuti imeneyi inaperekedwa dongosolo lonse. Ndi osiyanasiyana nkomwe sayansi otchedwa dialectology. Zakhala kuphunzira zimene ankalankhula kulunjika ake, chiyambi ndi zina.

zinkalankhulidwa Germany

Germany - osati amenewa dziko lalikulu, ngati Tikayerekeza ndi Russia, koma chilankhulo ndi yaikulu. Iwo ali ndi malo. Ndipotu, Germany lagawidwa limati 16, ndi anthu a aliyense wa iwo kusiyana ndi chilankhulo chake. Mwachitsanzo, kum'mwera kwa dziko, mmalo mwa "s" timati "sch". Malinga ndi chilankhulo n'zosavuta kudziwa kuti munthu ndi anachokera ku Stuttgart ndi Reutlingen. Komabe, ngati m'zilembo German M'pomveka kuti anthu kuti kusiyanitsa ndi Swiss ndi anthu a m'mayiko ena Chijeremani, ayenera kuphunzira kumvetsa. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amabwera kuchokera Switzerland m'malo "E" kumapeto kuika "ine": "Spätzle" - "Spätzli", "Grüßle" - "Grüßli" etc. Germany kum'mwera (makamaka bavarians) wosiyana intonation. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nthawi zina iwo sangakhoze kumvetsa northerners.

Professional chidwi mu chilankhulo Russian

M'zilembo chinenero Russian - ndi kwathunthu osiyana nkhani. Aliyense akudziwa mmene wolemera zosiyanasiyana. N'chifukwa chake Russian m'zilembo chidwi asayansi amenewa wodziwika bwino Dahl, Lomonosov, Trediakovskii. More kumbuyo mu XIX atumwi ndi academician Sreznevsky labambo pulogalamu kuphunzira mfundo chinenero Russian anayamba kupanga. Ntchito yake, iye anapereka kwambiri chidwi n'chakuti, chilankhulo izi. Asayansi akamufunsirire ngakhale kukhala "chinenero khadi, m'zilembo ndi zinenero zina zambiri." Ambiri, tisaiwale, chidwi m'zilembo za Russian anthu ambiri, osati sayansi ku maiko CIS, komanso akatswiri yachilendo.

Maphunziro a sayansi m'zilembo Russian ndi gulu lawo

Pambuyo pa zimenezi, anayamba otchedwa madera chinenero. Iwo limasonyeza mbali chinenero - mwachindunji pa mapu. Ndipo tsopano, patapita kanthawi, mu XX atumwi, wayamba kuphunzira tima wa m'zilembo ndi boma m'zilembo. chilankhulo kumpoto yosiyana timati "o" ndi zovuta "g". Southerners M'malo mwake, musazengereze kuonetsetsa "ndi" ndi kufewetsa ake "T". mtundu wa "golide zikutanthauza" ndi ku Central Russian m'zilembo, chomwe chili mbali ya kum'mwera ndi kumpoto chilankhulo. Nawonso, anawagawa kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Komabe, ngati zaka zana zapitazo, m'zilembo Russian anali razlichaemy, iwo ali lero, "ankawachotsera kunja". Modern Chirasha pang'onopang'ono amapeza maonekedwe a mabuku ndi zinkalankhulidwa anaphwa mu maziko. Ngakhale m'midzi ndi m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono, iwo akhoza anamva. Komabe, pali kale zochita zambiri osati Kupititsa chilankhulo ndi chikhalidwe.

Zinkalankhulidwa pa chitsanzo cha Chingerezi

English ndi imodzi ya padziko lonse ambiri. Umanenedwa ndi mamiliyoni a anthu. Choncho, m'zilembo English ambiri ndi mosiyanasiyana. Poyamba m'zilembo inakhazikitsidwa chifukwa patsogolo wa Britain. Chotsatira chinali chikoka US m'maiko ozungulira. M'zilembo ambiri ali British ndi American. Popeza ambiri Chingelezi anthu (70 peresenti) moyo mu US, ndi chilankhulo yamasika anakhala wotchuka kwambiri. Koma ambiri, pali enanso ambirimbiri, ndipo aliyense wa iwo ali ndi dzina lakelake. Scouse izi (mu Liverpool) ndi Geordie (chitopa), Yola (a chinenero akufa, amene anasiyanitsidwa ndi English, omwe analipo mu Ages Middle), Chicano, Vermont - ndipo ndi ochepa okha mwa ambiri m'zilembo. Ireland, Scotland, Wales, England, ndi United States - izi ndi mayiko ambiri ali m'maiko Chingelezi, ndipo kulikonse kulankhula mosiyana. Choncho, kusankha kuyamba kuphunzira chinenero, muyenera kusankha nokha zimene chilankhulo ayenera kutsatira.