Kirill Ine Mefody: mwachidule mbiri, chidwi mfundo kwa mbiri, ndi chilengedwe cha zilembo Asilavo

Cyril ndi Methodius, amene yonena ndi osachepera mwachidule kudziwika kwa aliyense amene amalankhula Russian, anali mphunzitsi wamkulu. Iwo anayamba ya zilembo anthu Asilavo kuposa moyo imeneyi dzina lake.

chiyambi Greek

Abale awiri anali anachokera ku mzinda wa Thessaloníki. Magwero Asilavo kusunga dzina lakale chikhalidwe Solon. Anabadwa mu banja la kapitawo bwino amene ankalamulidwa ndi kazembe wa chigawo cha. Cyril anabadwa m'chaka cha 827 ndipo Methodius - zina 815.-m.

Chifukwa chakuti Agiriki ankadziwa chinenero mwangwiro Asilavo, ofufuza ena ayesetsa kuti awonetsepo kungolota wawo unayambira Asilavo. Komabe, kupanga izo aliyense ndipo analephera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mwachitsanzo mu Bulgaria, aphunzitsi kuti Bulgarians (Palinso ntchito zilembo za Chisililiki).

Akatswiri chinenero Asilavo

chidziwitso zinenero Agiriki wolemekezeka singalifotokoze mbiri wa Tesalonika. M'nyengo awo mzindawo unali nzeru. Pali analipo pa chilankhulo m'dera la chinenero Asilavo. Kusamuka kwa fuko anafika malire kum'mwera, m'manda mu Nyanja Aegean.

Choyamba Asilavo anali achikunja ndipo anakhala pansi dongosolo la fuko, komanso anansi awo, Germany. Komabe, anthu akunja amene anadzakhala malire Ufumu wa Byzantine, anagwera mu kanjira wa kukopa kwake pa chikhalidwe chawo. Azinji a iwo anapanga njuchi mu Balkans, kukhala mercenaries wolamulira wa Constantinople. Cholimba anafikapo ku Tesalonika, kumene anabadwa ndi Kirill Ine Mefody. Wambiri abale poyamba anapita njira awo osiyana.

abale maphunziro apamwamba

Methodius (mu dziko dzina lake Michael) anakhala usilikali ndipo ananyamuka ku Mulingo wa chigawo pulani ku Macedonia. Iye ankachita izo chifukwa cha maluso awo ndi luso, komanso zothandizira mipingo yawo wina wotchuka courtier Teoctist. Cyril kuyambira ali kuchita sayansi, ndi kuphunzira chikhalidwe ndi mitundu yoyandikana nayo. Ngakhale asanapite ku Moravia, moti anakhala dziko wotchuka, Constantine (dzina malonjezo monga Chimonko) inayamba kumasulira mutu wa Uthenga Wabwino m'chinenero Asilavo.

Kupatula zilankhulo Cyril kuphunzira masamu, dialectics, masamu, zakuthambo, apamwamba ndi nzeru kwa akatswiri zabwino mu Constantinople. Chifukwa magwero mfulu, iye chikanathandiza ukwati ndi lolemera ndi utumiki womwe echelons akuluakulu a mphamvu. Koma mnyamatayo sanafune ndi tsoka zotere, ndipo anakhala woyang'anira laibulale mu kachisi yaikulu ya dziko - Hagia Sophia. Koma ngakhale pali iye silinakhalitse, ndipo anayamba kuphunzitsa pa University Moscow. Ndiyamika chigonjetso luso kutsutsana nzeru zaumunthu, iye dzina la Wafilosofi, nthawi zina amapezeka magwero historiographical.

Cyril anali bwino ndi mfumu, ndipo ngakhale anapita ku ntchito yake ku Caliph Muslim. Mu 856, iye ndi gulu la ophunzira anafika pa obisika mu Olympus Wamng'ono, pamene m'bale wake anali abbot. Kumeneko Kirill Ine Mefody, amene yonena anali tsopano chikugwirizana ndi mpingo, adaganiza zolenga zilembo za Asilavo.

Kumasulira Mabuku Chikristu Asilavo

Mu 862, pambuyo Prince Rostislav wa Moravia anafika ku Constantinople. Kenako Mfumu uthenga kwa wolamulira wawo. Rostislav anafunsa Agiriki kumupatsa ophunzira amene ankakhoza kuwaphunzitsa chikhulupiriro Asilavo Mkhristu m'chinenero chawo. ubatizo uwu fuko chinachitika izi zisanachitike, koma aliyense utumiki unachitikira mu lilime lachilendo, umene unali wovuta kwambiri. The mabishopu, ndi Mfumu takambirana pempho ndi mzake ndi zokapempha abale Tesalonika anapita ku Moravia.

Cyril, Methodius ndi ana awo anayamba ntchito yaikulu. chinenero, amene amasuliridwa mabuku achikristu anakhala Chibugariya. Wambiri ya Cyril ndi Methodius, mwachidule amene ali yense mbiri Asilavo buku, wodziwika ntchito ukanakhala wa abale Masalmo, Epistle ndi Uthenga.

Maulendo Moravia

Alaliki apita ku Moravia, komwe iwo anali zaka zitatu utumiki, ndi kuphunzitsa anthu kuwerenga ndi kulemba. khama lawo komanso anathandiza ubatizo wa Bulgarians, zomwe zinachitika chaka cha 864. Iwo anapita Transcarpathian Lazaro ndi Pannonia, amenenso anatamanda chikhulupiriro Chikiristu mzilankhulidwe Asilavo. Cyril ndi Methodius, kanthawi yonena kuti chikuphatikizapo ambiri kuyenda kulikonse kumvetsera kwambiri kupeza anthu.

Ngakhale Moravia iwo anali kutsutsana ndi ansembe German amene anali kumeneko ndi ofanana ntchito ya mishoni. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo ndi kusafuna akatolika kuti atsogolere kulambira mu chinenero Chisilavo. Zimenezi zili ndi Mpingo wa Chiroma. Bungweli amakhulupirira kuti ulemu wa Mulungu zitha kukhala m'zinenero zitatu: Latin, Chigiriki ndi Chiheberi. Mwambo umenewu wakhalapo zaka zambiri.

The magawano lalikulu pakati pa Akatolika ndi Orthodox sizinachitikebe, kotero Papa akadali kwakhudza ansembe Greek. Iye anaitana abale Italy. Komanso ankafuna kuti abwere ku Rome kuteteza udindo wake ndi oblagorazumit Germany mu Moravia.

Abale a ku Roma

Cyril ndi Methodius, amene yonena amalemekezedwa ndi Akatolika, anabwera Adrian II mu 868. Iye anabwera kukondera ndi Agiriki ndi anapereka chilolezo awo kwa Asilavo zingachititse kulambira m'zinenero zawo. Morava (makolo wa Czechs) anabatizidwa ndi mabishopu wa Rome, Momwemo yokhala pansi ulamuliro wa Papa.

Ngakhale mu Italy, Constantine anadwala kwambiri. Atazindikira kuti iye anali woti afa, Greek anatenga chithunzithunzi ndipo analandira dzina kumene kumakhala Amonke a Cyril, amene anali wodziwika mu historiography ndi kukumbukira otchuka. Ngakhale atatsala pang'ono kufa, anapempha m'bale wake osati kusiya ambiri ntchito yophunzitsa, ndipo anapitiriza kuchita utumiki wake mwa Asilavo.

Anapitiriza kulalikira Methodius

Kirill Ine Mefody, kanthawi mbiri ndi inextricably anamukwiyira akulemekezedwa ku Moravia pa moyo wake. Pamene mng'ono kumbuyo uko, zinali zosavuta kupitiriza ntchito yawo kuposa zaka 8 zapitazo. Koma posakhalitsa, zinthu zasintha dziko. Anaumba Prince Rostislav anagonjetsedwa ndi Svyatopolk. Bwanamkubwa ankatsogoleredwa ndi ogula German. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti asinthe zikuchokera ansembe. The Germany anayamba lobbying lingaliro maulaliki Latin. Anafika Methodius mu obisika a. Pamene izi zinali zobvomerezeka ndi Papa John VIII wa iye analetsa Germany ndi kuiperekeza pamene mapemphero bola ngati iwo alibe kumasula mlaliki.

Ndi kukana ngati anali koma anakumana Kirill Ine Mefody. Wambiri, chilengedwe wa zilembo Asilavo , ndi zonse chikugwirizana ndi miyoyo yawo, wodzala ndi zochitika zodabwitsa. M'chaka cha 874 Methodius anamasulidwa, ndipo kamodzinso anakhala alikibishopu. Komabe, kale ku Rome anachoka chilolezo ake kulambira pa chinenero Moravian. Komabe, mlaliki anakana kumvera lachinyengo Inde Mpingo wa Katolika. Iye anayamba kulalikira ndi kuchititsa miyambo chinsinsi cha chinenero Asilavo.

zoyesayesa zamakono Methodius

kulimbikira kwake sikunapite pachabe. Pamene Germany anayesanso kuwononga iye pamaso pa Mpingo, Methodius anapita ku Rome ndi uyamiko kwa luso lake wokamba anali kufotokoza mfundo yake ya view pamaso papa. Iye anapatsidwa ng'ombe wapadera, zomwe kachiwiri analola mapemphero mu zinenero wamba.

Asilavo waife wotsimikizika kulimbana anachita ndi Kirill Ine Mefody, kanthawi mbiri yomwe zinaonetsera ngakhale folklore wakale. Asanamwalire, ndi mng'ono anabwerera ku Byzantium ndi Constantinople unachitikira mu zaka zingapo. ntchito yake kwakukulu kotsiriza anamasulira mu Asilavo "Old Testament" ndipo izi zinamuthandiza ophunzira okhulupirika. Iye anafa mu 885 mu Moravia.

Kutanthauza abale ntchito

Zilembo analenga abale kenako kufalikira ku Serbia, Croatia, Bulgaria ndi Russia. Lero, zilembo za Chisililiki ntchito mwa onse Asilavo East. Russian ichi, Ukrainians ndi Belarusians. Wambiri ya Cyril ndi Methodius ana anaphunzitsa mu maphunziro kusukulu m'mayikowa.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti choyambirira zilembo analengedwa ndi abale, kenako anakhala Chigilagoliti mu historiography. njira zina, lotchedwa zilembo za Chisililiki, anaonekera patapita kanthawi chifukwa cha ntchito za ophunzira Choonadi. mkangano sayansi akadali zogwirizana. vuto ndi magwero osati zilipo akale amene akanatha kutsimikizira mfundo iliyonse ya view. Nthanthi zimamangidwa yekha pa zikalata sekondale kuti inatulutsidwa mochedwa.

Komabe, mfundo za abale n'zovuta Musaone. Kirill Ine Mefody, kanthawi yonena zimene ziyenera kudziwika kwa aliyense Chisilavo, osati anathandiza kufalitsa Chikhristu, komanso kulimbikitsa kuzunza national pakati pa anthu. Komanso, ngakhale poganiza kuti zilembo za Chisililiki analengedwa ndi ophunzira abale, kuti iwo akadali anadalira ntchito zawo. Izi zimaonekera makamaka pa nkhani ya phonetics. Masiku Chisililiki zilembo linavomereza chigawo zomvetsera zilembo olembedwa kuti akhala akufuna alaliki.

Ndipo Western ndi kum'mawa Church kuzindikira kufunika kochita zinthu zimene zinali Kirill Ine Mefody. Short yonena kuti aphunzitsi a ana pali zosiyanasiyana mabuku maphunziro a mbiri ndi Chirasha.

Mu dziko lathu kuyambira 1991, ati pachaka dziko holide wodzipereka kwa abale ku Tesalonika. Njirayi imatchedwa Tsiku la Asilavo Literature ndi Culture ndi Palinso mu Belarus. Mu Bulgaria, anakhazikitsa Order mu dzina lawo. Kirill Ine Mefody, chidwi mfundo ku yonena za amene lofalitsidwa mu monographs zosiyanasiyana, akupitiriza tcheru anthu ofufuza chinenero chatsopano ndi mbiri.