Howitzer "huwakinto". Cannon "huwakinto-B": specifications luso ndi zithunzi

Pafupifupi 50-60-ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, chitukuko cha chikhalidwe Cannon zida zankhondo mu USSR pang'ono kusiya. Ndiye, mu chiphunzitso lankhondo la view ofala kuti m'tsogolo - pa maroketi ndi. Izi zikachitika, kutukula ya zida wamba kuchita khama kutsimikizira atsogoleri dziko ya kufunika pofuna kukwaniritsa nthambi izi zida zankhondo.

Kachitsotso wotsiriza unali zinthu zina "mawanga otentha" nthawi, pamene wakale Soviet howitzer ndi woipa kwambiri kuposa zimene zikuchitika atsopano gunsmiths la America. Zikuoneka howitzer "huwakinto" mu nthawi imeneyo. analenga chinali chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano imene kufunika kwa chakale Cannon zida zankhondo kale sanali kutsutsana. kudziletsa injini mayunitsi ndi dzina lomweli zinalengedwa pa maziko ake, amene lero ali mu utumiki padziko lonse.

Kuweta mudziwe luso

Chotero anaitana Soviet kupanga towed mfuti likungosonyeza ndilo 152 mm. Choncho, iwo uli m'gulu la zida zankhondo lolemera. Njira imeneyi cholinga kupondereza ndi chiwonongeko chotheratu cha mdani oyenda, zida zankhondo, magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ndi kuthana ndi mdani pa kuguba, komanso kuwonongedwa kwa posts yamalinga lamulo ndi malo a ndende ya Adani.

Monga ofanana zipangizo zina Soviet, howitzer "huwakinto" akhoza bwinobwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana nyengo ndi nyengo. Osati kukhala zoona timapereka chitsanzo konkire. Motero, mayesero izo wasonyeza zotsatira zabwino pamene kuwombera mu zikhalidwe yozungulira kutentha kwa -50 ° C kwa +50 ° C. Cannon Sanakayikire kuti ichi pa Russian onyamula Mphamvu, komanso m'mayiko ena, poyamba gawo la USSR. Komanso, howitzer "huwakinto" ndi zida asilikali Chifinishi.

Mwachidule Chiyambi Chawo

Development wa mtundu watsopano zida inayamba mu 1968 mu Perm. kupanga mfuti watsopano, maonekedwe a amene adzakhala kuposa analogues alipo tsiku limenelo, mmodzi inali ntchito chifukwa Madivelopa kuyambira pachiyambi. Kuyambira pachiyambi, kuti unayambitsidwa kamangidwe ka mitundu iwiri ya makhazikitsidwe. choyamba - towed howitzer "huwakinto 2A36", wachiwiri - chitsanzo 2A37. Mfuti atsopano anafuna ogwiritsa pa zida zankhondo kudziletsa injini ndi dzina ofanana.

Poyamba, mlengi akulu anaikidwa yoyendetsa luso YN Kalachnikov. Tikumbukenso kuti poyamba kuwombera mfuti zitsanzo amaonetsa kale mu zaka 1971-1972. Ndi asilikali Soviet anayamba adzaperekedwa ndi 1976. N'chifukwa chiyani ngati yaing'ono likungosonyeza mfuti kuti "huwakinto" anasankhidwa? Howitzer 240 mamilimita adzakhala aluso mu mawu a mphamvu nkhondowo, kuti ndi za mayendedwe a chotero chilombo akadayenera kukhala mathirakitala wapadera.

The zifukwa kutchuka ndi

Ngakhale lero, "lotha" chitsanzo 2A36 ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri amene kupanga howitzer yoopsa chida. Iwo amakhala ndi lalikulu nkhondowo mphamvu, mkulu sayenda ndiponso kudalirika. Iwo akhoza kusamutsidwa popanda mavuto apadera mwa njanji, nyanja ndi mlengalenga. Ngati mfuti "huwakinto" ntchito ndi gulu odziwa, akhoza bwinobwino ntchito pafupifupi zinthu zonse kwa nkhondo zamakono.

Kuti mudziwe chipangizo luso

Mfuti ali okonzeka ndi chipata zoopsa zoyenera mtundu hydro-pneumatic recuperator, lomwe lili ndi angadzachite mphamvu ya mbiya kuti abwerere ku malo apachiyambi akatha mfuti. Kuti magawowa anathetsera zipolopolo lolemera, pali unyolo chakudya limagwirira kwa chipolopolo ndi kutulutsa ufa mlandu (osiyana adzapereke zipolopolo).

Mankhwala mwachindunji ku ulendo wa bursts (poganiza mawilo anaika) mphasa ntchito zamphamvu Jack hayidiroliki. Kapangidwe mfuti amapereka ofukula malangizo awiri liwiro limagwirira. Mwachindunji chida ndi 152 mamilimita likungosonyeza mfuti, chitsanzo 2A36. Pa kuipanikiza ananyema okwana mbiya kutalika kwa 8197 mm.

nkhondowo analamula

Anatulutsa mfuti "huwakinto" mu ophimba ndi zogwiriziza zitatu zimene zikufanana kwambiri kwa 122 mm towed howitzer D-30. Awiri pa bedi atatu ndi makina, kuti kutumizgika batire ndondomeko mtunda ndi osavuta. Ndi nthawi ntchito izi zimachitika mu mawerengedwe lomwe mphindi oposa awiri kapena atatu. Popeza mfuti kulemera ndi ochepa (khumi matani), muyezo asilikali thalakitala angagwiritsidwe ntchito zoyendera.

Kodi njira angagwiritsidwe ntchito towing?

Onani kuti magalimoto kwa cholinga ichi chikhonza KrAZ-255, KrAZ-260 (6x6) kapena muyezo crawler thalakitala AT-T, ATC, ATS-59 ATS, MT-T, amene ali mu utumiki lonse la maiko nawo Warsaw ke. N'zochititsa chidwi pamene ophimba amaloledwa mwa kuyenda liwiro ndi thalakitala kuti 60 km / h. Izi "huwakinto-B" akuyerekeza akutsutsana ndi howitzers ena towed, ataima mu utumiki wa dziko lathu ndi NATO.

Kulimbana Impact

Malawi mu chikuku cha chida wamphamvu anapanga zikomo zotheka chakuti lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuipanikiza ananyema kulengedwa wapadera, amene analola akadzabweranso pafupifupi kawiri m'munsi. Magawowa mawerengedwe a ntchito, malinga ndi kamangidwe chipangizo unyolo projectiles okwanira. Pamwamba pali kuwala makina kusamala kuti amateteza ntchito ku zipolopolo ndi shrapnel. Monga kuchitila ballistic, iwo ali pafupifupi mofanana ndi howitzer ml-20.

Tikumbukenso kuti ndi ntchito yomanga zoteteza okonza chishango nazo zochuluka za chisokonezo pa nthawi. chakuti mayeso pachiyambi asilikali chikondwerero kanthu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuipanikiza. Iwo osati anakweza mtambo wa fumbi, kwathunthu unmasking mdani, koma ungamuphe lalikulu kuvulala mawerengedwe. Kuphunzira zambiri onse, okonza anatha kulenga ndi yaying'ono koma ogwira chikopa, zimene zina amatha kupirira ngakhale makina mfuti kuwombera mabomba ochita malo.

underride limagwirira

Monga ife tanena kale, mu zida kamangidwe ntchito kuipanikiza ananyema slotted mtundu. Koma si zokwanira kukhazikika kwa angadzachite wamphamvu pamene kuwomba 152-millimeter chipolopolo. Wokonzeka kuthana ndi mawerengedwe a choipa ndi kusintha kuwombera molondola, okonza akhala akupereka ndi ananyema hayidiroliki ndi recuperator pneumatic.

Mosiyana howitzers zina za pakhomo, yotsirizira ladzala ndi asafe. Zimenezi zimathandiza mpweya inert kuzimitsa projectiles wamphamvu amadza kwa dzuwa apamwamba.

Features zipolopolo

Tikumbukenso kuti makamaka "huwakinto-B" pa nthawi akatemera wapadera osiyana-vuto potsegula yapangidwa. Iwo anali olumikizidwa ndi chakuti kukhala ntchito m'malo ovuta ndiponso zinthu lolimba pamaso okonza. Iwo anali kulenga Chida amene ali kuyenda chokwanila portability ndi mphamvu mkulu nkhondo. Komanso, mfuti kuti kutumikira pa anthu oposa atatu kapena anayi.

Choncho tiyeni atchule waukulu onse a zipolopolo amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito "huwakinto". Howitzer, zomwe chithunzi ndi mu pepala, akuwombera mitundu zotsatirazi zida:

• VOF39 chitsanzo. Standard kuwombera mu kamangidwe zikuphatikizapo mkulu-zachiwawa mlandu RP 29. Kulemera okwana ndi makilogalamu 46, amene 6,73 makilogalamu anali amphamvu makamaka kalasi zachiwawa A-IX-2.
• Lembani ZVOF86. N'zochititsa chidwi chifukwa ali ndi dongosolo mu roketi-anathandiza projectile RP-59 chitsanzo, chimene angathe kugunda chandamale pa mtunda wa makilomita kuti 33,5.
• wapadera bomba la nyukiliya mphamvu otsika wakhalanso anayamba (0.1-2 kg). Tikumbukenso kuti pa nthawi munitions izi kuletsedwa ndi angapo misonkhano. Komabe, mukufunabe kukumbukira kuti howitzer "huwakinto" imene waipereka makhalidwe a pepala lathu, moto munitions izi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chida woopsa kwambiri pakati zosiyanasiyana chubu zida zankhondo.
• Anawomberedwa makaseti mtundu 3O-13. Kodi akhale okonzeka ndi submunitions kugawikana, pa mphindi pali limodzi munitions, omwe ntchito zawo lochititsa cholinga submunitions. Mkulu nkhondowo ntchito zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito masensa ano cholinga. Ndi atangothamangitsidwa kumene zipolopolo otukuka, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga kudodoma n'kusokoneza kubwezeretsa chandamale mdani zida zankhondo.
• Komanso pali chithunzi odana chokhala (kuwombera yekha mwachindunji moto) ndi utsi mabomba.

nkhondowo ntchito

Othandiza ntchito zinthu Afghanistan anasonyeza kuti miniti imodzi anakonza ophunzitsidwa mawerengedwe a zingabweretse akatemera pafupi asanu kapena asanu. Nthawi zambiri, ndemanga nkhondo za chida ichi ndi okweza: Mphamvu ndi ballistics kwambiri a projectiles akhoza zimatsimikizira kuwononga pafupifupi malinga iliyonse mdani.

Taonani kuti mavuto amenewo gunners ankagwira ntchito yovuta kwambiri, monga zolinga zithunzi anayendera anali pafupifupi konse, ndipo zimasintha phiri nyengo kwambiri complicates ngakhale mwachindunji moto. Pa nthawi yomweyo, "huwakinto" oyenera kuzindikira athu a nkhondo, chifukwa yokhulupirika mkulu ngakhale pambuyo akatemera zingapo zipolopolo pa nthawi yomweyo, mfuti anali okonzekera nkhondowo zina.

Onani kuti 152 mm howitzer "huwakinto" ndithu mwakhama ntchito ndi asilikali athu yokopa anthu onse Chechen. Nkhondowo mphamvu chida kangapo anawamasulira msonkhano wabwino, chifukwa angapezeke popanda movutikira kwambiri kuononga malo mwa zigaŵenga, ngakhale iwo anakonza yaikulu nyumba konkire. volleys angapo moto mwachindunji - komanso a pillboxes anakhalabe yekha phiri nyumba chomenyedwa.

Makulidwe mfuti

Mfuti ali ndi miyeso chidwi kwambiri: m'litali ndi 13 mamita mu malo stowed, mu kuwombera chizindikiro ndi pang'ono zing'onozing'ono - za 12,5 mamita kutalika kwa thunthu mu malo stowed ndi 2760 millimeters .. Ground chilolezo biaxial galimotoyo - 475 millimeters. M'lifupi anakhomedwa - 2340 mm. The m'mimba mwake kwa tsiku lililonse la mawilo anayi ndi 1080 millimeters, m'lifupi matayala - 300 millimeters.

kuthamanga opaleshoni wamtayala ayenera anakhalabe pa 4.8 makilogalamu / cm² sitiroko akasupe pafupifupi 150 mm. Howitzer akulemera "huwakinto-B" za makilogalamu 9800. Zolemba malire osiyanasiyana moto mkulu-zachiwawa zipolopolo ndi makilomita 28,5. Pa zimene mtunda ukhoza kuwombera "huwakinto"? Howitzer, yowotcha osiyanasiyana omwe zinthu zachilendo ukufika mamita 25-28 zikwi, mu nkhani ya kugwiritsa ntchito maroketi masiku ano moto pa mtunda wa makilomita 41.

Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti mfuti, omwe anayamba mu 60 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, akadali yodziwika ndi ntchito chidwi pa nkhondo.

ena zosintha

Mkulu nkhondowo mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya ntchito (kudziletsa injini howitzer "huwakinto" analandira "kupululutsa" dzina) anathandiza chakuti mabizinezi ambiri ku Soviet Union anayamba kupereka Mabaibulo lawo kusinthidwa umenewu chida chothandiza. Imodzi mwa njira analandira BR code. Kalata "K" akusonyeza kartuzny mtundu Komatsu. Mfundo njira imeneyi ankayembekezera: kukhalapo mu dongosolo la 152-millimeter projectile mkuwa malaya kwambiri kumawonjezera mtengo wake.

Komanso anapangidwa angapo 155-millimeter "huwakinto", anafuna kuti katundu ku mayiko amene ntchito zida zankhondo zipolopolo muyezo NATO.