Natural focal matenda: kufotokoza, zimayambitsa ndi mankhwala

Khalidwe lalikulu la matenda zachilengedwe mogwirizana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda awo anthu kuchoka mbalame kapena nyama. Childs, HIV kumachitika kudzera kuluma tizilombo m'magazi woyamwa monga udzudzu. Kuganizira masoka akhoza azikhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angapo - .. Mabakiteriya, mavairasi, nyongolotsi, mogwirizana, etc. Pofuna kuteteza matenda zachilengedwe mogwirizana, zomwe zambiri loopsa kwambiri miyoyo ya anthu, m'pofunika kuti mudziwe za modes wa HIV ndi njira zopewera matenda.

ndi "yachilengedwe kunyumba" n'chiyani?

Mawu akuti "cholinga zachilengedwe" ananena mwachindunji chakuti gwero la matenda alipo mu chikhalidwe. Vekitala ofalitsidwa ndi matenda zachilengedwe mogwirizana imakhudzana ndi biogeocenoses ena. Activators matenda zachilengedwe mogwirizana amakonda kufalitsa kwa anthu ndi nyama, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti munthu amene ali biogeocoenose zofanana ndi matenda. Pankhaniyi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ali opatsirana m'njira zosiyanasiyana: kupyolera tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, Mpweya zouma chimbudzi nyama yowola, etc ...

Ziphunzitso maphunziro E. N. Pavlovskogo

Chiphunzitso cha matenda zachilengedwe focal Academician Pavlovsky ndi imodzi mwa zomwe kwambiri za sayansi kwachilengedwenso.

chiphunzitso Pavlovsky limanena kuti dera la ena mitunda, pali m'matumba a matenda amene angathe anthu. foci awa anapanga pa nthawi yaitali zamoyo zinachita biogeocoenose.

Natural focal matenda kumachitika pamene nthawi yomweyo pali limasonyeza zitatu:

• Chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• Chiwerengero cha nyama makamu (Madamu) matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• tizilombo toyambitsa matenda vekitala anthu.

Mwachitsanzo, masoka matenda focal monga zilonda pendinskaya, wamba m'madera ena a ku Central Asia. Leishmania ndi causative wothandizila matendawa. Posungira wa Leishmania ndi gerbils - makoswe ang'ono omwe amakhala mu zipululu. A Leishmania anasamutsa kudzera kulumidwa ndi udzudzu.

M'dera lina kungakhale imodzi pano angapo foci wa matenda, n'kofunika kuganizira osauka zodzitetezera.

Zosiyanasiyana foci zachilengedwe

Natural focal matenda angakhale mitundu iwiri:

• monovektornoe - mu kufala kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa munthu chamoyo wina kutenga nawo mbali mu chotengera chimodzi chokha;
• polyvector - matendawa kukhala mitundu ingapo ya zonyamulira.

EN Pavlovsky anasankha mtundu wina wa foci zachilengedwe - antropourgicheskie. Zikamera malo awa chifukwa zochita za anthu ndi luso la ena onyamula kusinthana kwa kuli synanthropic. onyamula amenewa, monga udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa zimapezeka makamaka zoikamo m'tawuni kapena akumidzi, kuti ali pafupi ndi nyumba zokhalamo anthu.

Zamoyo zina matenda zachilengedwe focal

matenda Natural focal akhoza kufalitsa ndi mitundu iwiri ya onyamula: yeniyeni ndi nonspecific. Mu zamoyo zenizeni onyamula causative wothandizila akudutsa ena magawo a mkombero moyo wawo: kuchulukana, akumanga, kapena kunja kwa dzira kwasanduka larva a. The causative wothandizila tingakhalebe ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri m'thupi chabe transporter yeniyeni, kuti azolowere mu njira ya kusanduka.

zamoyo zina Nonspecific tizilombo toyambitsa matenda umakaniko anagwidwa. Pankhaniyi, nthumwi causative wa kanthawi kapena pa Zikuluzikulu, kapena matumbo a wogulitsa ndi.

Kodi matenda angayambe?

Infection zachilengedwe matenda focal angayambe m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• kuipitsidwa mafakitale kugwirizana ndi ntchito ikuchitika pa malire a malo nkhalango, kapena pafupi ndi iwo, matenda angayambe pa kumanga kapena kudula mitengo ntchito pa kukolola fulakesi, masamba ndi zina zotero etc..
• kuipitsidwa pamene zikugwira ntchito pa dzinja kanyumba: zambiri makoswe kuti zimafalitsa matenda, akukhala m'nyumba kapena limatifotokozera chilimwe, kuipitsidwa kumachitika pamene Mpweya zouma chimbudzi cha mbewa ndi makoswe;
• matenda m'banja zomwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu nyumba, zomwe zili pafupi nkhalango, ndi chifukwa chakuti makoswe kulowa limatifotokozera, kosungira kapena kumpanda wa moyo;
• matenda pa iwowa lalifupi m'nkhalango Mwachitsanzo, kuyenda kapena ulendo msasa.

The matenda ambiri

Chongani ofalitsidwa encephalitis - matenda zachilengedwe mogwirizana yodziwika ndi kuledzera kwambiri ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa ubongo ndi msana. Odwala kukhala kulimbikira sizingasinthe ubongo kuwonongeka, mwina amapha.

Japanese encephalitis - matenda pachimake, kunachitika ndi kuwonongeka kwa bongo ndi zikopa zake. Chonyamulira cha Japanese encephalitis udzudzu. Zizindikiro Main: ulesi, kutopa, lokhudza kulankhula ndi masomphenya, malungo, kuzizira ndi kusanza. Zotsatira zake woopsa zimawonedwa mu 40-70% ya milandu.

Matenda a chiwewe - mmodzi wa owopsa matenda zachilengedwe mogwirizana. Zizindikiro monga m'chikaiko chowakaikitsa, hypersensitivity kuti kuwala tulo, khunyu, matenda a chiwewe. Wodwala amaona kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, amakhala aukali.

Phazi ndi pakamwa - matenda ndi focal zachilengedwe zokhudza nembanemba mucous, periungual bedi ndi makutu pakati pa zala. Tizilomboto alowa m'thupi kudzera chakudya. Yambani FMD lakuthwa zokwanira, kunachitika ndi kuwuka lakuthwa kutentha. Ambiri yabwino madokotala ananena zawo, ngakhale ana akhoza kuona mavuto aakulu.

Tizilombo ta matenda - matenda ali m'mitundu iwiri: cutaneous ndi septic. Mawonekedwe cutaneous amakhala ndi chakuti pali zilonda ambiri. fomu iyi akufotokozera mosathamanga komanso mankhwala. mawonekedwe Septic ndi woopsa kwambiri imfa kumachitika masiku ochepa.

Kuteteza matenda zachilengedwe focal

Pavlovsky chiphunzitso cha matenda zachilengedwe mogwirizana wakhala zimakhudza kwambiri maganizo njira kupewa. Ngakhale kuti poyamba muyeso waukulu kupewa miliri anali mankhwala a anthu kachilombo ndi chiwonongeko cha zamoyo zina, monga udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa, kuti lero cholinga chachikulu ndi kuwonongedwa kwa Madamu nyama.

Pofuna kudziteteza ku matenda zachilengedwe mogwirizana, ndikofunika kusunga angapo zodzitetezera: kupanga katemera yake, sanali nawo pa malo a nyama onyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kudziteteza ku kulumidwa wa zamoyo zina tizilombo ntchito zovala chatsekedwa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa wapadera .