Features ya kapangidwe ka minofu zaminyewa. Mapangidwe a zimakhala zaminyewa

Mtundu uliwonse wa minofu ali ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu khalidwe. Pogona mu maonekedwe a dongosolo, akonzedwa a functionalities, anayambira, chikhalidwe cha limagwirira pomwe. Nalo zimakhala awa akhoza kukhala pa muyezo angapo, koma machitidwe ambiri morfofunktcionalnaja amayanjana. Chotero gulu la minofu limalola kwambiri mabuku ndi zogwirizana nalo mtundu uliwonse. Malingana ndi maonekedwe morphological ndi zinchito kusiyanitsa zotsatirazi mitundu ya minofu: zaminyewa (chophimba), minofu ndi mafupa ndi mantha trophic minofu.

Makamaka kapangidwe ka minofu zaminyewa: morphological ambiri ndi zizindikiro zinchito

Zimatanthauza epithelium wa gulu la nsalu, inafalitsidwa mu thupi. Iwo akhoza zimasiyana choyambiriracho, mwachitsanzo kukhala ku ectoderm, mesoderm kapena endoderm, ndi ntchito zosiyana.

A mndandanda wa wamba morphological ndi zinchito mbali khalidwe la zimakhala zaminyewa:

1. Amakhala ndi maselo otchedwa maselo zaminyewa. Pakati pawo pali wochenjera intermembrane kusiyana imene palibe mankhwala intercellular. Izo, nayenso ali nadmembranny zovuta (glycocalyx). Ndi kupyolera maselo wake kulowa thunthu ndi mwa Iye zichokera kwa selo chomwecho.

2. Maselo zaminyewa minofu ndi wandiweyani kwambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa mapangidwe zigawo. Ndi pamaso pawo amalola minofu kugwira ntchito yake. Njira ya maselo mzake angakhale osiyana: kudzera desmosomes, kusiyana kapena kulankhula pafupi.

3. lumikiza ndi zaminyewa zimakhala, amene anakonza pamwamba pa ena, ukugawa Kakhungu woyambira wopangidwa mapulotini chakudya. wochindikala 100 nm - 1 micron. Mkati epithelia ziwiya magazi, choncho awo diffusely zoyendetsedwa ndi chapansi Kakhungu.

4. maselo zaminyewa yodziwika ndi polarity morphofunctional. Iwo ali woyambira ndi apical mtengo. Phata la maselo zaminyewa ili pafupi kuti woyambira, ndipo pafupifupi cytoplasm onse ali pa apical lapansi. Pakhoza kukhala masango cilia ndi microvilli.

5. zaminyewa zimakhala zosiyana bwino chimatanthauza luso buluzi. Iwo yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa tsinde, ndi kusiyanitsidwa maselo cambium.

mosiyana gulu

Kumbali ya kasinthidwe ka maselo zaminyewa anapanga pamaso maselo ena minofu. Ntchito yawo yaikulu inali Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo thupi ku malo akunja. Pa gawo lino la zamoyo wa minofu zaminyewa ndi ntchito zingapo mwa thupi. Malinga Mbali imeneyi, kusiyanitsa mitundu ya nsalu: integumentary, suction, excretory, ndi secretory ena. Gulu la zimakhala zaminyewa morphologically nkhani mawonekedwe ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo zaminyewa mu mapangidwe a. Choncho, kuonetsetsa limodzi ndi Mipikisano magawo zaminyewa zimakhala.

Zochita za umodzi-wosanjikiza, umodzi epithelia

Mbali structural ya minofu zaminyewa wotchedwa limodzi wosanjikiza, kwagona kuti mosungiramo imakhala wosanjikiza umodzi maselo. Pamene maselo onse yodziwika ndi mapangidwe kutalika yemweyo amene akulankhula za umodzi-wosanjikiza wosakwatiwa mzere epithelium. Zaminyewa kutalika amachititsa gulu wotsatira, malinga ndi zomwe zikusonyeza kukhalapo mu thupi ndege, kiyubiki ndi cylindrical (prismatic) wosakwatiwa mzere umodzi-wosanjikiza epithelium.

Single-wosanjikiza squamous epithelium a m'madera isanafalikire mapapo mu kupuma ndi (alveoli), ang'onoang'ono ducts zopangitsa, testes, pakati khutu M'mimbamo, zikopa serous (mesothelium). Anapangidwa kuchokera mesoderm lapansi.

Mwina kutanthauzira monolayer ndi cuboidal epithelium ducts zopangitsa ndi tubules a impso. Kutalika ndi m'lifupi pafupifupi maselo chomwecho, mtima ndi anamaliza ndi ili lili pakati pa chipindacho. anayambira angakhale osiyana.

mtundu wa umodzi-wosanjikiza wosakwatiwa mzere zaminyewa minofu monga cylindrical (columnar) epithelium ili thirakiti m'mimba, ducts wa zopangitsa, aimpso ducts yosonkhanitsa. Kutalika kwa maselo ndi kwambiri kuposa m'lifupi. Iwo ali chiyambi osiyana.

Kaperekedwe limodzi wosanjikiza Mipikisano mzere ciliated epithelium

Ngati limodzi wosanjikiza zaminyewa minofu ndipamene wosanjikiza maselo a pamwamba osiyana, ndiye tikulankhula Mipikisano mzere ciliated epithelium. Izi mizere minofu padziko Airways ndi mbali zina za ziwalo zoberekera (thirakiti seminal ndi jajtceprovodov) mbali structural a mtundu zaminyewa minofu imakhala chakuti maselo ake a mitundu itatu: lalifupi intercalary, nthawi ciliated ndi muyeso. Onse a iwo anakonza mu wosanjikiza limodzi, koma maselo intercalary samafuna m'mphepete chapamwamba posungira. Pamene kukula, iwo kusiyanitsa ndi kukhala ciliated kapena muyeso. Mbali A ndi kukhalapo kwa maselo ciliated pa mtengo apical a ambiri cilia, maselo muyeso amatha kutulutsa amatope.

Gawo ndiponso dongosolo la epithelium stratified

maselo zaminyewa akhoza kupanga angapo zigawo. Iwo zili pamwamba pa ena, Choncho, mu mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi chapansi Kakhungu alipo yekha pa Chilwa kwambiri kwambiri, wosanjikiza woyambira maselo zaminyewa. Lili maselo tsinde ndi cambial. Pamene kusiyanitsa, ndiye kusuntha outwards. Muyeso kwa gulu ndi mawonekedwe tsogolo la maselo. Choncho kuonetsetsa stratified squamous keratinizing, stratified squamous epithelium neorogovevayuschy ndi kusamba.

Kaperekedwe stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Anapangidwa kuchokera ectoderm lapansi. Kuyambira minofu imeneyi limapangidwa khungu, amene ali pamwamba wosanjikiza wa khungu, ndi gawo osachiritsika ya rectum. Features ya kapangidwe ka mtundu wa minofu zaminyewa zilipo zigawo zisanu maselo: ndi woyambira, spinous, granular, chonyezimira ndipo tentha mthupi.

Wosanjikiza woyambira ndi wosakwatiwa mzere wamtali maselo cylindrical. Iwo mwamphamvu womangidwa kwa chapansi Kakhungu ndipo angathe kubereka. The makulidwe a wosanjikiza spinous ndi pa 4 mpaka 8 mizere maselo spiny. Mu wosanjikiza granular - 2-3 mizere maselo. maselo zaminyewa ndi mawonekedwe flattened, wandiweyani pachimake. Chonyezimira wosanjikiza - nambala kufa maselo 2-3. Pafupi padziko stratum corneum, wapangidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa mizere (100) ndipamene lathyathyathya maselo akufa. Izi mamba tentha mthupi, imene pali keratin keratin.

Ntchito minofu imeneyi ndi kuteteza zimakhala kwambiri motsutsana kuwonongeka kunja.

mbali kandalama wa stratified squamous epithelium neorogovevayuschy

Anapangidwa kuchokera ectoderm lapansi. Mu malo kutanthauzira ndi diso, m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano, kum'mero ndi mbali ya m'mimba Mitundu ina nyama. Iwo ali zigawo zitatu: woyambira, prickly ndi lathyathyathya. Wosanjikiza woyambira pokhudzana ndi chapansi Kakhungu tichipeza maselo prismatic ndi lalikulu mtima chowulungika penapake ankatembenukira kwa mzati apical. Maselo a wosanjikiza ichi, kugawana, kuyamba tikwera. Choncho, salinso pokhudzana ndi chapansi Kakhungu muyende mu wosanjikiza prickly. Ichi ndi zigawo zingapo za maselo a osasamba mawonekedwe polygonal, ndi phata chowulungika. Prickly wosanjikiza amakhala pamwamba - lathyathyathya wosanjikiza ndi makulidwe a maselo 2-3.

Transitional epithelium

Gulu la zimakhala zaminyewa amapereka otchedwa Transitional epithelium anapangidwa kuchokera mesoderm lapansi. Kutanthauzira - mafupa a chiuno aimpso, ureter ndi chikhodzodzo. zigawo zitatu za maselo (woyambira, wapakatikati, ndi ❖ kuyanika) ndi osiyana kwambiri dongosolo. Pakuti wosanjikiza woyambira yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa maselo ang'onoang'ono cambial wamitundu yosiyanasiyana atagona Kakhungu woyambira. The wapakatikati maselo wosanjikiza muli kuwala ndi lalikulu, chiwerengero cha mizere akhoza kukhala osiyana. Zimadalira m'mene thupi ladzala. Maselo ❖ kuyanika wosanjikiza ngakhale chokulirapo, iwo yodziwika ndi mitima angapo, kapena polyploidy timatha potulutsa ntchofu, amene kumathandiza mapangidwe pamwamba asanakumane zoipa ndi mkodzo.

glandular epithelium

zaminyewa minofu mapangidwe chinali chosakwanira popanda ikulongosola za kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya otchedwa glandular epithelium. Mtundu wa minofu ndi inafalitsidwa mu thupi, maselo ake amatha kupanga ndi secrete zinthu zapadera - zinsinsi. Kukula, mawonekedwe, kapangidwe glandular maselo osiyanasiyana ndithu, monga kapangidwe ndi zinsinsi specialization.

njira imene zinsinsi anapanga mokwanira chimaposa zovuta mu magawo angapo ndipo amatchedwa mkombero secretory.

Features ya kapangidwe ka minofu zaminyewa wapangidwa ndi maselo glandular, chifukwa kwenikweni cholinga chake. Chifukwa mtundu wa nsalu aumbike matupi, ntchito yaikulu ya limene lidzakhala m'badwo chinsinsi. ziwalo zimenezi otchedwa zopangitsa.