Mogwirizana ndi zitsulo zidulo. Zimene asidi sulfuric ndi zitsulo

Mankhwala anachita wa asidi ndi zitsulo ndi enieni makalasi deta ya mankhwala. M'kupita kwa purotoni wa hydrogen ake ndipo anachira molumikizana ndi anion acidic m'malo mwa cation zitsulo. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha zimene kupanga mchere, ndipo ngakhale pali mitundu ingapo ya ankachita osamvera mfundo imeneyi. Akatero monga redox si limodzi ndi zamoyo wa hayidirojeni.

Mfundo zosiyanasiyana ndi zitsulo zidulo

asidi onse zochita kupanga anachitira ndi atsogolera zitsulo mapangidwe salt. Zosiyana ndi mwina kokha munthu wolemekezeka zitsulo anachita ndi Aqua regia, osakaniza hydrochloric ndi zidulo nitric. mogwirizana wina zidulo ndi zitsulo kumabweretsa mapangidwe salt. Ngati chidulo si sulfuric kuikapo maganizo kapena asidi nitric, mankhwala lamamatira monga wa hydrogen maselo.

Koma pamene yatikhudza anaikira chidulo cha safuriki, zimene atuluka ndi zitsulo malinga ndi mfundo za ndondomeko redox. Chifukwa anali experimentally kuzindikiridwa mitundu iwiri ya ankachita zitsulo lililonse ndi zidulo amphamvu zochita kupanga:

• mogwirizana zitsulo ndi zidulo ofooka;
• mogwirizana ndi asidi kulimbikira.

ndi zochita mtundu koyamba kudzachitika acid iliyonse. Yekha ndi anaikira asidi sulfuric acid nitric pa ndende iliyonse. Iwo anatani mtundu kachiwiri ndi kuyambitsa mapangidwe salt ndi mankhwala kuchepetsa a sulfa ndi asafe.

zitsulo Chitsanzo yatikhudza ndi zidulo

Zitsulo kuwataya yatsala wa hydrogen mu muyezo mndandanda electrochemical, ali anachitira ndi asidi kuchepetsa sulfuric ndi zidulo zina za woipa osiyana kupatula asafe kupanga mchere ndi kusakonda wa hydrogen maselo. Zitsulo, ili kumanja mu mzere electronegativity wa hydrogen, akhoza samva ndi zidulo pamwambawa ndi kucheza yekha ndi asidi nitric kaya ndende, ndi moyikirapo sulfuric asidi ndi Aqua regia. Izi ndi anzake lililonse ndi zitsulo zidulo.

zitsulo anachita ndi moyikirapo sulfuric asidi

Pamene zili asidi sulfuric mu njira oposa 68%, amaona kuti anaikira ndipo anachitira ndi zitsulo lamanzere ndi lamanja la haidrojeni. anachita otaya mfundo ndi zitsulo za ntchito zosiyanasiyana tikuonera chithunzi m'munsimu. Apa, nthumwi oxidizing ndi atomu sulfure mu anion sulphate. Iwo yafupika okusayidi sulfide wa hydrogen, 4-valence kapena sulfa maselo.

Zochita ndi asidi kuchepetsa nitric

Kuchepetsedwa asidi nitric amachitira ndi zitsulo, anakonza lamanzere ndi lamanja la haidrojeni. Pa anachita ndi zitsulo yogwira kubala amoniya, zomwe yomweyo amasungunula ndi amachitira ndi nitrate anion kupanga mchere wina. Ndi zitsulo pafupifupi ntchito asidi amachitira ndi kutulutsidwa kwa asafe maselo. Ndi chimaposa anachita layamba ndi kutulutsidwa kwa 2-valence okusayidi wa asafe. M'njira zambiri sulfure kuchira mankhwala angapo mu anachita limodzi. Zitsanzo za zochita akufuna mu ntchito zithunzi pansipa.

Chisoni ndi asidi nitric moyikirapo

Pankhaniyi asafe amachita monga oxidant lapansi. zochita zonse anali kuthamangitsidwa mchere mapangidwe ndi kutulutsidwa okusayidi nitric. zochita redox chiwembu akufuna kuti zithunzi ntchito. Pankhaniyi, mwapadera ayenera anachita wa Aqua regia ndi zinthu layamba. mogwirizana zimenezi ndi zitsulo zidulo nonspecifically.

Reactivity zitsulo

Zitsulo anatani ndi zidulo mosavuta kokwanira pali inerts angapo. Izi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi zinthu, ndi wapamwamba angathe electrochemical. Pali zitsulo amene inamangidwa pa maziko a index izi. Iye amatchedwa electronegativity. Ngati zitsulo zotsala m'menemo wa hydrogen, akhoza kutani acid kuchepetsa.

Pali wina kupatulapo: chitsulo ndi zotayidwa chifukwa mapangidwe padziko ndi oxides 3-valence akhoza samva acid popanda magetsi. Ngati osakaniza ndi kutenthetsa, ndiye poyamba yatikhudza chitsulo okusayidi filimu, kenako uli kusungunuka mu acid. Zitsulo, unali lamanja la haidrojeni mu electrochemical mndandanda ntchito mukhoza samva acid ndi zochita kupanga, kuphatikizapo acid kuchepetsa sulfuric. Awiri mwaiwala zimene malamulo: zitsulo awa kusungunuka kuikapo maganizo ndi kuchepetsa asidi nitric ndi Aqua regia. Yotsirizira zitha kusungunuka rhodium, ruthenium, iridium ndi osmium.