Epitaph - izo ... Tombstone epitaph pa chipilala kwa mwamuna, bambo, agogo

The zolemba tombstones unakhala mwambo msonkho kwa akufa ndi achibale awo. Koma sizinali nthawi zonse. Kale manda epitaph anapatsidwa kulongosola amene anaikidwa m'manda, ndi amene anali mu moyo wa munthu wakufa.

Zikamera wa epitaph ndi

Ngakhale kuti mawu akuti "epitaph" ali mizu Greek ( "epi" - pa "tafos" - manda), luso chosema pa gravestones dzina womwalirayo anali wodziwika kwa anthu a Egypt ndi Babulo, ndipo Ayuda akale.

Sarcophagi anapezeka ali m'manda ku Egypt, kunyamula zokhudza anthu lodziwika m'manda ku kuyambira kutsiriza ndi dzina la ntchito pa moyo wawo. Komanso, iwo akanakhoza kunena kwa mfundo zimene ndi mmene wakufayo atafa, ndipo ali ndi chenjezo za imfa ya anthu amene kusokoneza phulusa lake.

Images ndi hieroglyphs lalembedwa manda mwala, akhoza zimachitika mfundo epitaphs, ngakhale wolemba loyamba la "Chikumbutso" polemba chinenero chimenechi akuti ndi Kegosskogo Simonides, amene moyo imeneyi chintchito mu nkhondo za Agiriki ndi Aperisiya, kulemba za elegy izi. "Anayendayenda, tinali kamodzi lambiri mu mtsinje wa Korinto. Koma tsopano tili masitolo ... Salami; Apa ife anapambana Aperisiya ... ndipo anapulumutsa dziko lapansi ku ukapolo Greece ... ". Poyamba epitaph - ndi oration maliro, amene kutchulidwa tsiku wokumbukira wodzipereka kwa ngwazi wagwa. Pa mawu amenewa, anatchula zochita za Agiriki, amene anafera yomasula dziko la kwawo.

Kenako, panali epitaph mu ndime yomwe limachulidwa ndi aliyense m'manda mu chizindikiro cha ulemu kwa wakufayo ndi achibale ake sakutonthozeka.

Development epitaph monga mtundu wanyimbo zolembalemba

Pa Ages Middle ku Ulaya, chifukwa Chikhristu, kuikidwa anakhala mtundu wa mpatuko, imene moyo wa womwalirayo anali kukonzedwa kusintha kwa moyo wake ku imfa, ndi epitaph m'mandamo anayamba kuvala achipembedzo kapena nzeru zaumunthu chikhalidwe.

andakatulo ambiri Kubadwa Kwatsopano analemba ndakatulo mu mtundu wanyimbo izi kwa olemekezeka akufa. Ndiyeno panali tombstones ndi crypts ndi moyo imeneyi mawu iwo n'kuwononga. Wotchuka Medici m'manda ndi Dante, chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli ndi Michelangelo, ndi lero kugunda ukulu wake.

Mayina a asilikali kwambiri ndi olamulira amatchulidwanso gravestone lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, pa manda a Tamerlane mu Samarkand anali lolembedwa, "Ngati ine ndidali wamoyo, dziko likanakhala mantha." Izi yochepa mawu opatsirana mphamvu ndi mphamvu za anthu, imene moyo anagonjetsa Golden gulu ndipo anapambana kwambiri za mayiko.

Epitaph mu boma Russian

Mu Russia, epitaphs oyambirira zapakati pa m'ma 13, pamene gravestones analemba wakufayo dzina, mtundu wa ntchito ndi chiganizochi Uthenga. Patapita nthawi yaitali, mu zaka za m'ma 16, olemekezeka anayamba kuyitanitsa andakatulo manda ndakatulo. Choncho, epitaph - latsopano zolembalemba mtundu wanyimbo lomwe lili ndi wolemba yeniyeni.

Mwachitsanzo, gravestone gravestone ndime ndakatulo Batiushkov mwachidule ndi zambiri: "Ndilibe zolemba mwala wanga, ndimangowauza pano iye anali, ndipo wapita"

Kenako, kulemba epitaphs anali malonda opindulitsa, nayamba kulemba amalonda ndi ophunzirawo pakati, amene amamvetsetsa pang'ono a Mitundu zolembalemba. Kuti anapulumuka, ena mwa iwo, ndi nthanoyi, m'malo zosangalatsa koposa chisoni ". Ndani wabereka, kuti wamangidwa" mutuwu wasiya atate wake mochedwa.

epitaph zamakono

Today epitaph - yochepa mawu chimene chimasonyeza chisoni banja cha imfa ya wokondedwa. akulemba pa gravestone kapena kusindikizidwa mu mbiri yamoyo nyuzipepala. Kawirikawiri amachokera ku ndakatulo ya ndakatulo ndi chi bards, kuchokera mafilimu mawu, mawu a anthu otchuka.

Monga mtundu wanyimbo mabuku a epitaph pafupifupi unatha mu Soviet Union. Sanatengedwe pa manda a mamembala a Party Communist kusiya mzere, koma mayina, dzina ndi patronymic.

Kubweranso kwa epitaph linapangidwa zotheka pambuyo chipembedzo ndi mpingo analinso kupezeka kwa anthu. Pa tombstone abale kudali anthu padziko chisoni chake ndi chisoni chifukwa cha imfa ya munthu wokondedwa kuti:

"Mpaka ululu ankaoneka m'ma mwachidule,

Koma kukumbukira nthawi zonse muli nafe,

Favorite, anthu wathu wokondedwa.

chisoni, tilibe kufotokoza mawu "

epitaph mayi

Kumwalira kwa pafupi wokondedwa akukumana m'njira zawo. Chimodzi mwa masautso ndi tombstone lolembedwa.

Pamene mayi wamwalira, ana kupereka msonkho kwa chikondi chake pa iye, ntchito epitaph pa chipilala kuti mayi. Zimakhala ndakatulo, pemphero, kapena mawu achidule: "Ife tikubwera kwa inu kuyika maluwa. N'zovuta kwambiri popanda inu, ife, wokondedwa wanga, kwa moyo. "

Kugwiritsa epitaph, anthu kusonyeza dziko momwe kwambiri chisoni chawo pa imfa ya wokondedwa. Kubwerera kwa mtundu wanyimbo umathandiza iwo kuti achisoni ndi ena. Munthu amene udzadutsa kumanda, akhoza amanena mtengo wa chisoni ndi chisoni kuti ana mu mawonekedwe a epitaph pa chipilala kuti mayi. Chisoni ndifotokoze mavuto ena amathandiza anthu kuti mulimbane ndi imfa awo.

epitaph mwamuna

Monga zomvetsa chisoni imfa ya breadwinner ndi atate, chotero ambiri pa manda wa akufa amuna epitaph mwamuna ndi mkazi wake. Iwo ali ozadzidwa ndi kulira ndiponso chisoni, monga akazi, anataya amuna awo achikondi, inamuluma ndi imfa:

"Pukutani misozi ndi mitu yoweramitsidwa.

Apa pagona mwamuna wachikondi.

Anatsiriza masiku ake a padziko lapansi -

Good bambo ndi bwenzi labwino. "

Short mawu pa gravestone wodzipereka kwa mwamuna womwalirayo, likhoza kusintha mozama kwambiri za chisoni akazi, komanso ndakatulo, "Ndimakukonda, kunyadira inu, nthawi zonse m'maganizo mwanga muli moyo."

Ngati munthu anafa mu kukalamba epitaph Tingaone amatchula zimenezi monga tate ndi agogo, "Tengani ife mphatso lenileni la dziko lapansi, kukoma mwamuna, bambo wabwino ndi agogo kunyumba."

Epitaph monga epigram ndi

Ngakhale imfa ya wokondedwa - ndi tsoka lalikulu, anthu ambiri ku imfa yake mankhwala ndi nthabwala ndi wosakhazikika. Pali milandu pamene epitaph ndi ntchito ngati malonda kapena utumiki m'malo chikondi: "Apa mabodza Ester Rayt, zimene Mulungu watiitanira kuti yekha. mwamuna wake disconsolate Tomás Rayt, ndi stonemason bwino America, ndi manja ake anapanga lolembedwa ndi wokonzeka kuchita zomwezo kwa inu kwa $ 250. " Chisoni imfa ya ena mukhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wa subtext, amene amazembera "njiru" kwa wakufayo: ". Iye ankakhala mu kuwala kwa zaka 82, miyezi 6, masiku 4 popanda yopuma"

M'mayiko osiyanasiyana akhoza kukumana epitaph mwina nthabwala kapena ndi lingaliro a. Mwachitsanzo, amasonyeza wakuda nthabwala ku Mexico: "Apa apuma Pancrazio Huvenalis. Iye anali mwamuna chabwino, bambo wabwino ndi zamagetsi zoipa. "

Mumadziwika pa nthawi Lukretsiya Bordzhiya, amene anali mwana wa Papa Alexander 6, anali pa ubwenzi ndi atate wake, ndi m'bale, pakuti wakhala moyo imeneyi mu epitaph "Taonani lagona Lukretsiya Bordzhiya -. Wamkazi, mkazi ndi mwana wamkazi wa Alexander 6, Papa"

Epitaph greats

Si onse otchuka ndinu olemekezeka epitaph yabwino, ngakhale kuti pali anthu amene anali wawo, kulemba mawu, amene kenako anakhala mapiko.

Mwachitsanzo, mu manda Winston Churchill a linalembedwa otsatirawa akuti: "Ine ndine okonzeka kukumana ndi Mlengi. Koma ngati Mlengi wathu nthawi yokonzekera msonkhano nane - ndilo funso ".

Wotchuka wasayansi Ampere analamula kuti manda ake anali akuti "potsiriza osangalala." Ndi mmene imawunikidwa moyo ndi imfa yake.

Kuwerenga mawu pa manda ena, anthu mukufuna Ufumuyo moyo ndi imfa ya munthu kufupi ndi epitaph - mtundu wa lonjezo kwa dziko la dziko wamoyo kwa akufa. Anthu chisoni, chifundo komanso mawu wosaiwalika.