Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, "Childe Harold Haji": mwachidule. "Childe Harold Haji" - ndakatulo m'zigawo zinayi

M'nkhaniyi tiona ndakatulo Byron a akufalitsidwa nthawi kuchokera 1812 mpaka 1818, izo nadzatifikitsa mwachidule. "Childe Harold Haji" - dzina la mankhwala otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse.

Choyamba, mawu ochepa za mbiri ya ndakatuloyi. Byron kumapeto kwa June 1809 anayamba ulendo wake wa zaka ziwiri. Iye anapita Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Albania, Greece. Ndakatulo chidwi momwe anthu m'mayiko amenewa moyo, zomwe chikhalidwe chawo. amasiyanitsa Social, amene anali kulimbana, makamaka anamupha. Byron anaona ululu wa ankhanza ena ndi m'deralo, unfettered. akukwiya wathunthu mphamvu yake ya anthu a m'deralo. zidindo onsewa chinachitika mu chinyezimiro cha ndakatulo pa nkhani zimene amapanga chiwembu cha ndakatuloyi, chidule chake. "Childe Harold Haji" - ntchito imene wolemba wokhudza pa nkhani zikuluzikulu zimene zachitika ndi modernity, komanso vuto wosatha.

Izi ndi ulendo zaka ziwiri wapereka kwambiri kwa wolemba ndakatulo iyi. Iye anazindikira kuti azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala wake ayenera kutumikira anthu. Byron ankaona pamoyo wake boma. Pa zaka 2 wolemba ndakatulo analemba woyamba 2 nyimbo ya ndakatulo tsogolo lawo "Childe Harold ulendo." Chidule kwambiri ntchito amapereka maganizo chabe za chiwembu, koma osati za mbali luso. Choncho, akuyendera ku mbali yaikulu ya nkhani, tidzati mawu ochepa za iwo.

romanticism Byron

Ntchito imeneyi imatengedwa woyamba wa Byron, chikondi, ndi chikondi cha mtundu watsopano, womwe ndi wosiyana akalambula ake. Dzhordzh Gordon si kuthamanga kuchokera ku chenicheni, mosiyana ojambula zithunzi zina za mawu. Wolemba ndakatulo kuteteza ufulu wa anthu wa ufulu wawo kwachikhalire kwa dziko yomenyera nkhondo. Byron amalankhula motetezera munthu ku manyazi ndi chiwawa. Komabe, pamafunika kanthu, ndi kwa munthuyo. Wolemba ndakatulo akutsutsa manyazi ake pa kulambira nkhanza lapansi.

Ngati romantics onse, Dzhordzh Bayron adalemekeza chikhalidwe. Koma pa nkhani imeneyi ndi osiyana akalambula ake. Wolemba ndakatulo anaimba si chabe, koma poyerekezera ndi munthu. Byron ankanena kuti chitukuko yekha wauzimu ndi munthu ufulu akhoza kumva mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe. nthawi Communication wafala ndakatulo lonse. kuwala Modern zounikira kale ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatilola kuona za m'tsogolo.

Mbali yaikulu ya mankhwala, taonera. Ife tsopano chitani mwachindunji mwachidule zili ndakatulo "Childe Harold ulendo."

1 nyimbo (chidule)

Mbali yoyamba amatanthauza nkhondo ya asilikali Napoleon pa Iberia. Ndakatulo ngati Spain, amene akumenyana ndi ankhondowo. Dzhordzh Bayron kusonyeza anthu zithunzi khamu, m'zochita, pamene anthu kusangalala, ntchito, kumenyana. M'munda wake wa masomphenya ndi osiyana amunamuna abwino. Mwachitsanzo, limafotokoza nkhani ya mtsikana wa Saragossa. Bwino kulimba kwa anthu okhala Spain chifukwa cha ndakatulo amaona umodzi wa ngwazi kwa anthu. Kupambana kumeneku n'kofunika kuti anthu ena oponderezedwa amene ali kuyembekezera kaya Spain adzatha kukwaniritsa ufulu. Wolemba ndakatulo amafuna kuti iye adzauka anthu a m'mayiko ena. Ndicho chimene iwo akunena mu ndakatulo woyamba wa nyimbo "Childe Harold ulendo."

2 nyimbo

Chidule cha mankhwala lachiwiri la nyimbo akufotokozera zili amene m'mbuyomu. wolemba akupitiriza mutu wa akulimbana anthu. Paulendo umenewu, Childe Harold ali mu Albania, ndipo ndiye kugwa kwa Greece.

Kufotokozera za Greece

mbali yokulirapo ya nyimbo yachiwiri laperekedwa kwa dziko. mafotokozedwe ake ndi kupitiliza kukhala mwachidule wathu. "Childe Harold Haji" - ntchito imene Byron amaona kusiyana m'mbuyomu wa Greece, amene kale anali wamkulu indetu, ndi manyazi ndi vuto la anthu m'goli Turkey. Dzhordzh Gordon imakhumbira "wokongola Hellas". Koma amakondwera m'malo ndi mkwiyo kwa mbewu yake, amene kugonjera pa gori la agonjetsi-alendo. Greece Iye anati kuponderezedwa m'matopemo. Unakhota pansi akapolo Turkey ndi zikwapu, koma Greek ali chete. Izi yosemphana ndi ndakatulo.

Koma mkwiyo wake m'malo mwa chiyembekezo chimene anthu akukhalabe "mphamvu ya ufulu indomitable" chibadidwe makolo. Ndipo kotero kumafuna dziko kudzuka pa nkhondo. Chikondi Byron kwa Greece amakhalabe sichinasinthe. Vesi a ndakatulo opatulidwira kwa iye, adzatithandiza kumvetsa chifukwa Dzhordzh Gordon zochita nawo nkhondo yomasula anthu Greek.

Kufalitsa woyamba awiri nyimbo

Nyimbo ziwiri zoyambirira ndakatuloyi anabadwa March 10, 1812 pamwambapa anali anagonjera mwachidule awo. "Haji Childe Harold" yomweyo anapambana kutchuka. Byron pambuyo kufalitsa woyamba awiri nyimbo analandira kudziwika kwambiri. ntchito yake wapirira Mabaibulo ambiri, ndi kutchuka George Gordon anachokera tsiku ndi tsiku.

Chachitatu nyimbo

Atafika ku Switzerland, Byron anayamba kuphunzira moyo m'dziko lino. Onse amene iye ankaona ngati zopambana, ndi okhala mu zolemba zake ndi makalata. Choncho, pofotokoza anthu a m'deralo moyo wawo, chikhalidwe ndi zinthu zakale. kuzipenya zonsezi kuwonjezekeredwa ndakatulo "Childe Harold ulendo." Chidule cha nyimbo lachitatu anapereka kwa tcheru chanu.

Izi zinasonyeza zinachitikira maulendo a ndakatulo iyi. Byron anakakamizika kupita ku Switzerland, ndipo dziko lake. Mu dziko lino, iye muses za nkhondo ya ku Waterloo (ndakatulo yoyamba kukaona malo umenewu), nkhani za kugonjetsedwa kwa Napoleon.

M'mbuyo pa nkhondo

View wolemba ndakatulo ndi nkhondo ya ku Waterloo masiwichi kuimira chikhalidwe otchuka. Byron sasiya kuganiza za nkhondo, kuti sichitha kutsogolera anthu kwa zaka zambiri anawononga kukongola monga munthu analengedwa ndi manja, komanso zachilengedwe. Maganizo a nkhondo reappear pamene ngwazi m'nyimbo ya mankhwala chosangalatsa zochitika za nkhondo ya ku Waterloo, umene unachitika mu zaka za m'ma 15, pamene m'tawuni Morat anamenyera ufulu wawo. Byron limanena kuti nkhondoyo osati kulamulidwa ndi ankhanza, ndipo umbadwa, ufulu, malamulo. Only zolinga zimenezi akhoza kulungamitsa nkhondo yoopsayo, iye ankaganiza Dzhordzh Bayron ( "Childe Harold Haji").

Chidule cha magawo atatu Komabe, kumaphatikizapo osati kuganiza za nkhondo. Tikupereka inu timudziwe bwino nkhani zina zofunika Byron kulingalira.

ubwenzi wa anthu ndi chilengedwe, ndipo pokweza Rousseau ndi Voltaire

Dzhordzh Gordon akuganizira chikhalidwe cha Switzerland, akubwera zoti munthu aliyense ndi chibadwa. Chimwemwe cha moyo mogwirizana ndi izo. Kukhala ndi lingaliro lake, wolemba ndakatulo zimalimbikitsa wophunzitsa Rousseau, amene kulimbikitsa ubwenzi ndi munthu ndi chikhalidwe. nzeru zapamwamba Izi analengeza maganizo a ufulu ndi ofanana. Byron akuti nzeru zapamwamba wina, Voltaire. Anakonza maganizo a anthu kuti zisinthe. maganizo ake "pa maziko wa chikaiko" adakhazikitsa mpingo "maganizo opanduka."

Choncho, m'buku wachitatu wa ndakatuloyi zimasonyeza maganizo a ndakatulo ndiponso zimene zinachitika kuti mwakwiya pamene dziko lonse lapansi. Byron interweaves mu momasuka, free Nkhani nyimbo chikhalidwe oyenera achidule ndi makhalidwe a kanjedza zosiyanasiyana zakale, ndi mtundu wanyimbo zochitika zimene mpira kumaonekeranso pamaso pa nkhondo ya ku Waterloo.

4 nyimbo

Ife tsopano akufotokoza nyimbo 4 a ndakatulo "Childe Harold ulendo." Icho chinakhazikitsidwa mu Italy ndi inafalitsidwa koyamba mu 1818, chifukwa Byron Italy anakhala boma lomwe kuzindikira kwambiri za moyo wake ndi maganizo kulenga. Zinali Dzhordzh Gordon pano wapeza wosangalala, popeza anakumana ndi Terezoy Gvichchioli.

Kufotokozera Italy

Tikumbukenso kuti nyimbo yachinayi buku mu mankhwala. Iwo Byron amayesetsa kuti akonze osiyanasiyana ndi yofunika chifaniziro cha dziko, omwe anakhala kunyumba yake yachiwiri. Dzhordzh Gordon anali kutikonda kwambiri Italy. Anachita chidwi ndi luso lake mkulu chikhalidwe ndi mbiri zakale. Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo akadali ndinayang'ana pa iye ngati munthu sanaiwale anthu ake ndi dziko lakwawo. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, "pamene lilime Britain zikumveka", adzasunga kwawo okumbukira ndakatulo kwambiri Dzhordzh Gordon Byron.

"Haji Childe Harold" koma zoyenera makamaka za limati zina. Chifaniziro cha ndakatulo Italy - Dziko kuti mayiko ena angakhale mlendo. Byron ankakhulupirira kuti ncindi "mitundu ayenera kuima." Komabe, anawalimbikitsa Italy okha ndi kumenya nkhondo. Iye ananena kuti tiyenera kukumbukira zitsanzo zochitika za boma chinali ndi amunamuna zapitazi. Pokumbukira anthu ayenera kukhala ana ake kwambiri. Choncho, kunena Venice, izo zikutikumbutsa anthu za "ufulu wa Zakachikwi." Byron sanathe kuona mmene iye ndi imfa ya ufulu wawo. Iye akukhulupirira kuti munthu kukula ndi kukula kokha mu nkhondo.

Mfundo za ngwazi Italy, anzeru ndi ndakatulo

Mu Ferarri akuti Torquato Tasso, wolemba ndakatulo George Gordon Byron ( "Childe Harold Haji"). Mwachidule mbiri kugwirizana ndi dzina lake, ayenera kunena motsimikiza.

The Duke analamula kuti alengeze Tasso openga, kenako ndakatulo m'ndende kwa zaka 7. Byron limanena kuti dzina la Duke kwa nthawi yaitali kuti zidzaiwalika, ngati mlandu wake sichinayambe zogwirizana ndi tsoka la Torquato. ngwazi Italy, anzeru ndi ndakatulo misewu yonse. Dzhordzh Gordon adzaitana Florence, malo Boccaccio, Petrarch ndi Dante, "mzinda osayamika," monga pano "ngakhale busts palibe." "Dziko la maloto ake" anali Roma, kumene ndakatulo anakhala mawu ambiri. Byron yang'anani kupyolera mu bwinja ndipo zipilala akuyesera kudutsa mu m'mbuyomu kuti kutsitsimutsa nyengo makedzana.

A tione mbiri

Nyimbo chachinayi zambiri zokhudza zokopa Italy. Komabe, n'zoonekeratu, ndipo mmenemo, monga Byron akuyesera kuthetsa ofala chikondi lingaliro la mbiri ya anthu mu ndakatuloyi wake "Childe Harold ulendo." Chidule cha atsogoleri a ntchito - zovuta, monga pali tiganizira ambiri ndipo pafupifupi palibe chiwembu. Tikumbukenso kuti ndakatulo chimachititsa chidwi ndi kudziwiratu kwake zam'tsogolo. Iye zimaletsa m'maganizo mwake, kuti si wofufuza mfundo, abstracted kuchokera ku chenicheni. Ndime zoyenera ulimi mu France, Dzhordzh Gordon amafuna kuti mbewu yofesedwa ufulu, m'tsogolo, "sadzakhalanso zipatso owawa."

Nthawi ndi Muyaya

Byron, komanso mu zitatu m'mbuyomu nyimbo nsangala akufotokoza chilengedwe chokongola mu mbali yachinayi ya ndakatulo "Childe Harold Haji", mwachidule umene uli kale pafupi ndi chomaliza. Chifanizo cha nyanja, naperekanso kumapeto kwa ntchito, memorably, ngati chithunzi cha mathithi Velino, Zosintha ulemerero wake onse. Mu maganizo a George Gordon, chikhalidwe imapereka munthu mwayi kukumana ndi umuyaya. Mu malingaliro a muyaya ndakatulo wa - wosasintha gulu. Nthawi likuyenda nthawi zonse, ndi zakanthawi. Akuthamanga nthawi zambiri plunges George Byron wachisoni ndi mdima. Komabe, tiona kuti zikugwirizana ndi chiyembekezo. Wolemba ndakatulo amakhulupirira kuti m'tsogolo poyera amene zabodza zokhudza iyeyo. Nthawi yokha ndi wokonzanso "maweruzo zachabe."

Izi mapeto "Haji Childe Harold." Chidule cha nyimbo za ntchito imeneyi, ndithudi, chimangooneka chithunzithunzi cha izo. Tikumbukenso kuti ndakatuloyi adatengedwa ndi A. S. Pushkin, amene ngakhale ikuchitika kumasulira. mankhwala ali odzipereka chochitika chachikulu George Byron kuyambira pa unyamata wake isanafike nthawi zambiri ana ntchito yake.