Chitsanzo anatengera anthu ndi nyama mu dziko. Thupi anatengera: Zitsanzo

Odzitukumula atayamba maganizo a anthu sichitha kudabwa, m'maganizo alibe malire. Koma kuti kwa zaka zambiri analenga chilengedwe kuposa maganizo kwambiri kulenga ndi mapulani. Nature adalenga mitundu kuposa theka miliyoni a nyama, omwe ndi munthu wapadera mu mawonekedwe awo, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, anatengera moyo. Zitsanzo za anatengera zamoyo kuti zikusintha mikhalidwe ya moyo pa dziko - izi ndi zitsanzo za nzeru za Mlengi ndi gwero zonse mavuto kuthetsa wa zamoyo.

anatengera ndi chiyani?

Anatengera zikutanthauza anatengera kapena habituation. Izi ndondomeko ya alibe pang'onopang'ono wa thupi, morphological kapena maganizo ntchito mankhwala m'malo wosinthika. Zimasintha kukhala anthu osiyana kapena anthu onse.

A chitsanzo chapadera cha anatengera mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina - kupulumuka kwa nyama ndi zomera ku cheza kuchuluka padziko Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera m'deralo. Zichitike kusinthasintha achilendo kwa anthu amene anatha kupulumuka, azolowere ndi kuyamba muchuluke, ena analephera mayeso ndipo anaphedwa (anatengera mozungulira).

Popeza zikhalidwe za nzeru dziko zikusintha, njira ya kusinthika kwa zinthu ndi anatengera mu chikhalidwe komanso ndi ndondomeko mosalekeza.

Chitsanzo atsopano a anatengera - kusintha malo Mexico njuchi wobiriwira Zinkhwe aratinga. Posachedwapa anasintha malo juga ndipo anakakhala ku Chigwa cha Masaya chiphalaphala pamalo nthawi zonse ankawaviika woipa mkulu wa woipa sulfure. Asayansi osati asanapereke kufotokozera kwa zodabwitsazi.

mitundu anatengera

Kusintha mtundu uliwonse wa kuli chamoyo ndi zinchito anatengera. CHITSANZO anatengera pamene kusintha kwa zinthu kumabweretsa zamoyo mwagwirizana kusinthasintha kwa wina ndi mzake, chikuyimira chipangizo correlative kapena coadaptation.

chipangizo akhoza kungokhala chete pamene ntchito kapena Kapangidwe ka nkhani kutenga malo opanda sachita, yogwira kapena pamene dala kusintha makhalidwe awo kuti agwirizane chilengedwe (zitsanzo za anthu kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe kapena anthu a). Pali nthawi imene nkhani kupsa chilengedwe kuti agwirizane anu zosowa - ndi cholinga anatengera.

Akatswiri kugawa mitundu anatengera i zitatu:

• Morphological.
• Thupi.
• Khalidwe kapena maganizo.

Zitsanzo za anatengera nyama kapena zomera koyera yosowa ambiri habituation kuti zinthu zatsopano kumachitika m'njira yosiyanasiyana.

Morphological anatengera: Zitsanzo

kusintha Morphological - zinachitika zamoyo kusintha mawonekedwe thupi, ziwalo munthu kapena dongosolo lonse la zamoyo.

Amwazisambo anatengera morphological zitsanzo za nyama ndi zomera, amene timawaona ngati nkhani kumene chodabwitsa:

• Alibe masamba mu spines wa cacti ndi zomera zina m'madera louma.
• Tortoiseshell.
• Faired anthu Madamu thupi.

Thupi anatengera: Zitsanzo

Thupi anatengera - kusintha angapo mankhwala zako zikuchitika mkati thupi.

• Unikani fungo amphamvu kukopa tizilombo kumathandiza kuti fumbi.
• State wa inaimitsidwa makanema ojambula, mu okhoza kulowa zamoyo yosavuta, ndikulora iwo kuti akhalebe ntchito kwambiri zaka zambiri. The wamkulu amatha kubereka bakiteriya ali ndi zaka 250.
• Kudzikundikira mafuta subcutaneous, amene n'kukhala, ngamila madzi.

Khalidwe (maganizo) anatengera

Ndi chinthu maganizo zitsanzo zambiri zokhudza anatengera anthu. Khalidwe makhalidwe achilendo nyama ndi zomera. Choncho, m'kati zamoyo wa kusintha kutentha amachititsa nyama zina zimabisala mbalame - kuwuluka kum'mwera kubwerera kasupe, mitengo - kukhetsa masamba ndi m'mbuyo kayendedwe ka madzi. The Mwachibadwa kusankha mkazi woyenera kwambiri kubereka ana ndi lotengeka ndi khalidwe la nyama nyengo mating. Ena achule kumpoto ndipo akamba kwathunthu atapanga m'nyengo yozizira ndi m'firiji pamtunda, amoyo ndi isanayambike kutentha.

Zinthu zimene zingachititse kufunika kwa kusintha

ndondomeko aliyense wa anatengera - ndiko kuyankha zinthu zachilengedwe chopatsa kusintha chilengedwe. mfundozi anawagawa biotic, abiotic ndi anthropogenic.

zinthu Biotic - chikoka cha zamoyo pa wina ndi mzake wamoyo pamene Mwachitsanzo, mtundu Mwamsanga, amene akutumikira chakudya china.

Abiotic zinthu - kusintha mu chikhalidwe zopanda moyo, monga kusintha kwa nyengo, zikuchokera nthaka, kupezeka madzi, m'zinthu ntchito dzuwa. Thupi anatengera zitsanzo chikoka cha zinthu abiotic - kunyanja nsomba kupuma mwa madzi ndi pa dziko. Iwo bwino ndinazolowera zikhalidwe, pamene kuyanika mitsinje - chodabwitsa pafupipafupi.

zinthu Anthropogenic - zotsatira za ntchito anthu kuti kumasintha chilengedwe.

Zimasintha chilengedwe

• Zowunikira. Zomera - gulu osiyana kuti amafunika osiyana dzuwa. Mu malo lotseguka bwino moyo photophilic heliophyte. Mosiyana - stsiofity: zomera m'nkhalango nkhalango, bwino m'madera shaded. Mwa nyama palinso anthu amene thupi anatengera lakonzedwa kuti khalidwe zimayenda usiku kapena pansi.
• Kutentha. Pafupifupi kwa zamoyo zonse, kuphatikizapo munthu, akadakwanitsira kutentha osiyanasiyana a sing'anga imatengedwa ku 0 ⁵⁰ ° C. Komabe, moyo pafupifupi m'madera onse nyengo ya Earth.

Lotsutsa zitsanzo anatengera nthenda kutentha pansipa.

nsomba Arctic musati amaundana mpaka chifukwa chitukuko mu magazi wapadera mapuloteni zoletsa kuwuma, zomwe si amaundana magazi.

The tizilombo losavuta opezeka awatulutsira Madziwo, kutentha zomwe kuposa digiri kuwira.

Bzalani hydrophytes, i.e. anthu amene amakhala mu madzi kapena pafupi kufa ngakhale pa imfa otsika chinyezi. Xerophytes M'malo mwake, iwo ndinazolowera moyo m'madera youma, ndi kufa pa chinyezi mkulu. Mwa nyama, chikhalidwe ntchito pa kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe amadzimadzi ndi sanali amadzimadzi.

anatengera anthu

luso munthu atengere alidi mantha. Zinsinsi za maganizo a anthu si bwino kuwuluridwa, ndi zinsinsi za mphamvu dziphunzitsiranso anthu adzakhala mutu yaitali chachinsinsi kwa asayansi. Wamatamayo sapiens Homo pa zina zamoyo - kukhoza bwino kusintha khalidwe lawo zofunika za chilengedwe kapena M'malo mwake, dziko agwirizane anu zosowa.

Kusinthasintha pa khalidwe la munthu kumaonekera tsiku. Ngati anapatsidwa ntchito: "Perekani zitsanzo za anthu kusinthasintha" ambiri akuyamba kumbukirani milandu yapaderayi kupulumuka mu kwambiri zinthu. Izi kawirikawiri zimachitika, ndipo anatengera chikhalidwe kwa zinthu achilendo yokha munthu tsiku. Timayesetsa pa zinthu zatsopano pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa kuunika, sukulu ya mkaka, mu sukulu, mu timu, pamene kusamukira dziko lina. Ndi boma la kukhazikitsidwa kwa zomverera latsopano amatchedwa maganizo thupi. Kupanikizika chinthu maganizo, koma imawalamulira kusintha ntchito zambiri zokhudza thupi. Ngati munthu alandira sing'anga watsopano monga zabwino nokha, boma latsopano kwayamba kufala ndipo mukatero nkhawa likuoneka kuti kukhala yaitali motero ndi kuyambitsa angapo matenda aakulu.

Njira ya anatengera anthu

Pali mitundu itatu ya anatengera anthu:

• Thupi. Losavuta zitsanzo - acclimatization ndipo anatengera kwa kusintha mabacteria nthawi kapena ntchito tsiku. M'kupita kwa kusanduka amakuonani anthu osiyanasiyana, malingana zogona malo. Arctic, Alpine, chokhala chipululu, mitundu yamphamvu ya magawo zimasiyana thupi.
• Psychological anatengera. Ndi luso munthu kupeza mphindi womvetsa ndi anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana maganizo, m'dziko ndi mlingo wosiyana maganizo. Homo sapiens zimasintha olakwika awo mchikakamizo cha zinthu zatsopano, zochitika zapadera, nkhawa.
• anatengera Social. Mtundu wa mwauchidakwa, amene ali achilendo kwa munthu.

mitundu yonse dziphunzitsiranso umafananirako mmene kudzala, kusintha kwa zoyambitsa mwachizolowezi ya kukhalapo kwa osowa laumunthu anatengera chikhalidwe ndi maganizo. Muulamuliro zawo kugwira njira ya kusintha thupi, amenenso ali kusintha kwa zinthu zatsopano.

yolimbikitsa izi zonse ayankhe thupi akutchedwa anatengera syndrome. Latsopano thupi zochita kuonekera poyankha kusintha mwadzidzidzi zimenezi. Mu gawo loyamba - Alamu - pali kusintha ntchito thupi, kusintha kagayidwe ndi kachitidwe. Kenako, kulumikiza ntchito zoteteza ndi ziwalo (kuphatikizapo ubongo), ndi kuyamba kutchula ntchito yake zoteteza ndi zinthu zobisika. Mbali yachitatu ya anatengera zimadalira munthu: munthu kapena m'gulu moyo watsopano ndipo wafika mwakale (mankhwala nthawi imeneyi kuchira amapezeka), kapena thupi satenga maganizo, ndipo zotsatira kale kutenga nkhungu negative.

The zochitika m'thupi la munthu

Chikhalidwe cha munthu anaika malire yaikulu, amene ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku okha pang'ono. Iwo akuwonetseredwa mu umphawi wadzaoneni, ndipo amaona ngati chozizwitsa. Ndipotu, chozizwitsa chibadidwe tokha. Chitsanzo cha anatengera: luso la anthu kuti azolowere moyo wabwinobwino pambuyo kuchotsa mbali yaikulu ziwalo mkati.

Natural titadziwa chitetezo chokwanira pa moyo angalimbitse zinthu zingapo kapena M'malo mwake, kufooketsa pa moyo yolakwika. Mwatsoka, akamakonda zizolowezi zoipa - izo ndi kusiyana pakati pa mwamuna ndi zina zamoyo.