Czech galasi - mmodzi wa wokongola kwambiri mu dziko

Galasi - mmodzi wa zipangizo wamkulu, amene wakhala kwa munthu pafupifupi zikwi zisanu. Ku Czech Republic pa chiyambi cha XII m'zaka za alipo mchenga kwambiri khalidwe chinayamba glassmaking. Mwina, mbuye woyamba luso tingapeze mwaluso nkhani ya Avenetia, koma mofulumira kuposa aphunzitsi awo. Czech galasi anayamba mogwirizana ku Ulaya.

zipangizo

Pamafunika mchenga woyera kupanga galasi. Chinalibe ku Czech Republic. Muyenera potashi. Popeza kuti zinali zovuta. Kupanga ake kunali kofunika kutembenukira matabwa mu phulusa whitest. Kuwonjezera potashi, anafunika nkhuni pophika galasi. Ndipo iwo ankasowa kwambiri, choncho pamene pali masitovu amene aitanidwa Guta, kudula nkhalango lonse, steklovary anasamukira ku ng'anjo dela lina. Ndipo chifukwa mbuye wangayo, tawuni yawo otchedwa kapena m'matumbo, kapena Nowa Huta, kapena ngakhale kamodzi, koma malo dzina "Huta" pafupifupi zopezeka ndi osungidwa ndi maudindo masiku ano. galasi kuphika inali nkhani banja ndi zobisika. Ena zinsinsi za kuphika, amene wazunguliridwa ndi galasi Czech anasunga lero.

kupanga

Poyamba zinachitika mu ng'anjo galasi otsika (Gutach), amene anayika mu mphika lotseguka dongo. Iwo amaona mbali constituent - mchenga, potashi ndi likamatenthetsa uvuni kwa kutentha apamwamba mpaka 1000 ° C. Uvuni kwa nthawi yaitali sindikanakhoza kupirira ndipo amayenera kusinthidwa kawirikawiri.

Pa panopa kupanga anaumitsa galasi yophika woyamba iodzafewa ndipo kupeza yomata, moto misa. Glassblower zimatenga wapadera dzenje zitsulo chubu. Kuti sanali mkangano ndi kotheka kugwira manja awo, ndi nakonza kuti gawo limodzi la mtengo, ndipo mbali imene yakhudza milomo yake glassblower, yopangidwa ndi mkuwa. Nsonga ya izo pansi mu galasi chosungunula. Zonse kupotoza, atapeza dontho la kukula chofunika ndi mawonekedwe. lumo Special iye amadula ilo kwa kulemera okwana, kenako amaika mu lonyowa mawonekedwe matabwa ndi kupanga kutulutsa mu chubu, ndi mkangano galasi droplet amamangirira chofunika mawonekedwe ndi makoma a makulidwe ena. Koma luso mankhwala akhoza lotengeka ndi wopanda mawonekedwe. Monga mbuye amadziwa bwino katundu wa zinthu, ndi angalenge mogometsa okha akaimbe. Choncho, mau, tikuuzidwa bwanji kuti galasi Czech.

Akupera ndi kupukuta

Koma vuto si zokhazo. Atamaliza utakhazikika mankhwala igwera mu manja grinders. woonda kwambiri galasi wosanjikiza chikutha ndi abulusa wapadera, ndipo n'chakuti mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe a galasi. Pamakhala kulamulira khalidwe. Ndiye wanzeru mankhwala amapita ku engraver, ndipo engraver amene amayambitsa dongosolo zovuta monograms. Kawirikawiri pambuyo zina za golide ndi kukonzanso aletse khalidwe. Wabwela chomaliza - pastes wapadera kupukuta ndi kulamulira chomaliza khalidwe. Choncho, Czech galasi anali wokonzeka zogulitsa. uthunthu wake ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri, ndipo mwa iye ife kufotokoza pansipa.

ndi Chibohemiya galasi Kodi

imeneyi Czech galasi. Bohemia - Malo amenewa ali pafupifupi theka la Czech Republic, galasi anayamba kuphika ndi Kuwonjezera okusayidi patsogolo. Izi zinachitika zaka oposa mazana atatu zapitazo, mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVII. mankhwala kutsogolera Ufumuyo kulemera, makamaka chilungamo, ndi sewero kuwala ndi mitundu utawaleza, sonority. Izi cholimba ndi katundu mankhwala pang'onopang'ono, makamaka mu East, anakankhira osalimba ndi wosakhwima mankhwala glassblowers Venetian. Ndipo lero bwino Czech galasi analengedwa mu Bohemia. Kwa izo anapangidwa zidole, Miphika, magalasi, chandeliers, amene wopukutidwa ndi dzanja. Ndipo zinthu zonse ndi galasi yaitali chimes.

Czech othimbirira galasi

Mtundu wa galasi kupereka oxides ndi zitsulo zosiyana siyana. Ngati m'kati kuphika, kuwonjezera cobalt, zotsatira zake zimakhala kwambiri buluu safiro mtundu, ngati golide - ndi rube golide, ngati mkuwa - ndi rube mkuwa. Awiriwa amasiyana mithunzi awo wofiira mtundu, mwachibadwa, ndi mtundu golide wa mfulu. mithunzi osiyanasiyana wobiriwira analandira powonjezera chitsulo, chromium ndi ureniamu, ndipo amatipatsa pakachitsulo pinki. Noble bulauni kamvekedwe amapereka manganese.

Nthawi zambiri, galasi otere ntchito mu kupanga galasi othimbirira.

Nthawi zambiri mitundu iwiri ntchito mu ndondomeko ya mankhwala kupanga. Choyamba kuti apeze bwino galasi chubu, ndipo ndiye choviikidwa mu mtundu, amene kwathunthu chimakwirira chidutswa pachiyambi. Pambuyo ikuwomba okha akukhudza, kotero kuti mbali ya galasi papezeka chikutha ndipo anapanga citsanzo zosamvetsetseka pa mandala maziko mtundu. Mofanana ndi zimenezi, nthawi zambiri chokongoletsedwa ndi Miphika.

Miphika - kukambirana wapadera

Osati kukhala zoona apereke zitsanzo akuda kuumbidwa galasi Czech. Miphika onse awa anapanga manja a amisiri odziwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira. Aliyense wa iwo - limodzi lapadera chidutswa. Pinki ndi maziko mandala ntchito maluwa. Chachiwiri, cobalt - ndi maswiti. ndi exclusivity onse a zinthu tsopano looneka ngati Czech galasi, kumene Miphika n'zosiyana kwambiri.

zokongoletsa Czech

Amene anali mu Czech Republic, sichidzatha kumbuyo palibe kudadziwika dziko la miyala yamtengo wapatali "Jablonex" kapena "Chibohemiya kalembedwe". Mu galasi kawirikawiri kuumitsidwa yekha golide, siliva, mkuwa kapena mkuwa. Makamaka zabwino ndi chomverera m'makutu ndi mkanda ndi ndolo, komanso mikanda yosavuta. Czech galasi - zodzikongoletsera wosatha kuti si mantha, monga ngale, thukuta kapena mwangozi anakhetsa mafuta ophikira. Komanso, kusankha kukula mkanda ndi yaikulu - kuchokera yaikulu komanso chachikulu kwa mkanda komanso yokongola. Onse zodzikongoletsera - ndi m'nyumba choncho iye ndi mlembi wake.

Pomaliza, tiyenera ananena kuti Czech Republic - angapo, ndipo ife kuwamvetsa Russian, ndipo ngati chingwe mmwamba, n'zotheka ndi kumvetsa mfundo ya mawu mbadwa Asilavo.