Chida dongosolo, "Satana." "Satana" - amphamvu kwambiri nyukiliya chida mu dziko

Makina athu zida amakhala umboni ndi ndale maina, zomwe zinachitikira kuchucha tsankho pang'ono kuti alonda nzeru ya intelligence yachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, yemweyo "popula" kapena "Ash". Mitengo ngati mitengo. Ndipo ngati ndi ayi, 'Pinocchio "ena lowoneka. Koma pali chida chimene Kumadzulo, ndipo ife ndacha yolakwika: "Satana" - chida dongosolo la m'badwo wachitatu, iye 15P018, Aka P-36, imatchedwanso SS-18, amatchedwanso RS-20b, amatchedwanso " voivod ". Chotero ambiri mayina chifukwa. zizindikiro ntchito Soviet mwa akatswiri NATO kuti pachikhalidwe watengedwa, iwo anabwera ndi lakuti zawo aliyense nyemba zida zathu, izo ndi zambiri ndithu zabwinobwino. Choncho nanga kuopa 15P018 ndi zimene Achimereka mkuntho umenewu - chida "Satana"?

Mtundu manja ngati chida cha olusa

Kupanga zovuta ballistic mivi - mtengo, luso mkulu ndi sayansi chipangizo. Kuti afumye Soviet Union nawo mpikisano manja kalekale cholinga maboma US kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira Truman kuti Reagan. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, America wakhala kuposa Soviet Union, ndi kuvala pansi ndalama wake wokwera pamapeto pake wotetezedwa chigonjetso mu Cold nkhondo. Pamlingo waukulu lero, mfundo imeneyi imagwira ntchito kwa Russia latsopano.

Yankho lathu ku America

Pofika mu 1965, mphamvu ya US intercontinental mivi ballistic chawonjezeka kwambiri, komanso magawo ena luso, kuphatikizapo molondola kugunda. Izi anaopseza kuti launchers Union, zambiri zinali ndiye atathana ndi pabwino m'migodi ndi anaikira mu malo a gulu mfundo ntchito. Motero, ICBM American ngati kugunda bwino imachititsa angapo Soviet, ndisanadye nthawi kuyamba. Zinkafunikiradi kuyankha kuti kuopseza ndi. Linanena bungwe Panali awiri kumwazikana launchers Kuunikira migodi kapena kuwachititsa m'manja, pokhalabe ndi mphamvu mkulu, choncho kulemera ndi miyeso. Koma mu m'badwo wa nthambi ndi zovuta kubisa kayendedwe ka a m'manja Launch maofesi. Mavuto amafuna njira. Izi zinachititsa kuti P 36 "Satana" - amphamvu kwambiri nyukiliya chida mu dziko.

kwambiri Utkin

Academician Vladimir Fedorovich Utkin pa moyo wa munthu wotchuka sanali. Koma anzake, anzake, anzake ndi atumiki akale, kulingalira October 17 kubadwa kwa bwana wake, mosakayikira kuzitcha izo mwapang'ono. Ndipo pali chifukwa kuti. Motsogozedwa ndi wasayansi chinalengedwa dongosolo mzinga, "Satana," kapena kani, 15P018 (mwaudierekezi dzina brainchild academician anapereka ku America). Zonse zinayamba ndi lingaliro ambiri, ndiye lagawidwa mavuto payekha luso, onse amene bwinobwino mwake.

Chida dongosolo "Satana" - dongosolo ndi zovuta chake lililonse limakhala ayenera mogwirizana ndi kulephera iliyonse ndi zotsatira mpaka kalekale. Komanso, chida choopsa amayenera kuyamba kuchokera migodi n'kupuma ndi nsanja wapadera sitima, ananamizira ngati magalimoto wamba.

Kodi kukhazikitsa Roketi katundu ku mgodi

Thupi chida unapangidwa zotayidwa ndi magnesium - chitsulo mwachilungamo zofewa. khoma makulidwe - 3 mm, mwinamwake chipolopolo adzakhala kuchisenza. Kulemera mivi - matani oposa 210, ndipo zikuyenera kuchokera kutsinde kwambiri. N'zosavuta Taganizani zimene zikanachitika ngati wovuta ndi wosakhwima nkhani amayamba kusamba ndi mpweya red-hot akuthawira nozzles lapansi. Mkati - matani 195 mafuta, osati mafuta ndi zachiwawa. Koma si onse. Mutu wa zida za nyukiliya zili mu mphamvu ya anayi Hiroshima.

Pano pali vuto linalake. Ndipo akatswiri ake Soviet anaganiza. Roketi bwino ndi modekha kudzipatula pamwamba pa atatu yeniyeni mlandu chopopera, wotchedwa kuthamanga migolo kukweza ndi makumi a mamita ndipo patapita kuti kuyamba pretreated ( "nkhonya") injini kuyambira gawo.

njira mpata kuti kwambiri pa nkhondowo utali wozungulira wa dongosolo. Pa koyamba kugonjetsa yokoka ankadya yambiri mafuta, mu nkhani iyi, kupulumutsiramo ake ndi za 9 tonnes.

Ichi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha chisomo njira fanizo la namatetule wa Utkin kwambiri. Ambiri a iwo anali atapita buku lonse pofotokoza zina. Mwina multivolume.

Lowopsya sitima nyukiliya

Nzosadabwitsa Soviet Union ankatchedwa kwambiri sitima mphamvu. ataliatali chinachititsa kuti amange njanji pa mofulumira sikunachitekepo ngakhale Tsarist Russia, mu zaka Soviet anali anawonjezera monga mizere latsopano, kuphimba dera lonse la yathu dziko misewu maukonde. Usana ndi usiku pa iwo ndi nyimbo, mwa amene sangakhoze konse kusiyanitsa pakati pa anthu pansi pa madenga a magalimoto omwe zimayambitsa megasmerti ambiri. dongosolo Mobile, "Satana" akhoza zochokera nsanja sitima, ananamizira ngati sitima wamba, amene kusiyanitsa ku alipidwa simungathe kwambiri patsogolo kazitape Kanema. Inde, Launcher kulemera matani 130 saloledwa ntchito yosavuta anagubuduza katundu, kotero kuti kuwonjezera pa mavuto luso ankayenera kuti analankhula ndi zoyendera, ndi Union lonse. sleepers matabwa ndi anthu konkire zasintha, khalidwe ndi durability nsalu anabweretsa apamwamba msinkhu, chifukwa ngozi iliyonse pasanapite ngozi. Roketi Launcher "Satana" ali ndi kutalika mamita 23, basi pansi kukula kwa galimoto firiji, koma fairing anali kukhala wapadera - dongosolo lopinda. Panali mavuto ena, koma zotsatira wolungama ndalama. Pobwezera akhoza ntchito mfundo sizimadziwika, motero anatsimikizira ndi mosalephera.

roketi

Zikutanthauza yobereka mutu gawo, yomwe imakonzedwa mu mtengo nyukiliya, chikuyimira awiri gawo intercontinental chida mtunda malo omwe ali ndi malo makilomita 300 lalikulu. Iye akhoza kugonjetsa malire a mkulu-ntchito ndi machitidwe chida chitetezo m'tsogolo, ndipo anagunda zolinga khumi nadzawasankhula zigawo za munkalowa mawu a megatons eyiti wa TNT. N'chongoletsa zotsatira zake pambuyo akuthamanga zosatheka, umene iye analandira monga dzina loti - "Satana". dongosolo chida ali okonzeka ndi zikwi za zinthu, simulating zokwana nyukiliya. Khumi a iwo ndi misa pafupi mlandu lenileni ndi ena unapangidwa pulasitiki metallized ndi kutenga maonekedwe a zokwana, kutupa mu vacuo stratospheric. Ngakhale chida chitetezo dongosolo sangathe kulimbana ndi zolinga ambiri.

ubongo pakompyuta

kasamalidwe dongosolo Development anali pachibwenzi ndi wachiwiri General Mlengi Vladimir Sergeev. Inamangidwa pa mfundo inertial, iwo ali njira zitatu ndi tiered mazhoritirovanie. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dongosolo limafufuza yekha ndi kutulutsa kudziletsa mayeso. Ngati aliyense kasamalidwe zotsatira mismatch adzatenge njira, ali bwinobwino mayeso. chingwe mawonekedwe ndi imatengedwa mizere mwangwiro odalirika kulankhulana kulephera anali sizinalembedwe ngakhale kamodzi mu nthawi zonse, imene zida dongosolo R-36M "Satana" mu utumiki.

kuyabwa America

Pulogalamu inayamba mu US ndi kudziwika monga Strategic silikhali Initiative, umalimbana kulenga lonse "ambulera" kuti akhoza kuteteza dziko "ufulu dziko", makamaka United States, zotsatira za nyukiliya kuponya kubwezera choipa pa mwambo nkhondo dziko. Strategic chida dongosolo 15P018 ( "Satana") kwathunthu akusowa tanthauzo ankapitabe izi. Palibe wotsutsa-chida chitetezo, ngakhale ndi zinthu mtengo danga ofotokoza sadzatha mutsimikizira kugonjetsedwa abwino zinthu pa dera la USSR American "Pershing". Nkosafuna kunena, unachititsa kukhumudwa pakati pa anthu okhala ku White House ndi Capitol. Kuwombera ndi zida, maofesi awa, utsogoleri Soviet anali pachangu palibe poganiza kuti kupereka odalirika chishango nyukiliya. Koma vuto aikiwa mu zoyenda atakhala pa "hump" ndi chiyambi cha perestroika.

Kodi wophwanyidwa "Satana"

Lililonse roketi Launcher chachiwiri "Satana" anawonongedwa pa mfundo za START-1 pangano, yolembedwa ndi Mlembi General wa CPSU M. S. Gorbachevym. Pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR choncho anapitiriza Pulezidenti Russian B. N. Eltsin. Mu chilungamo tisaiwale mfundo yakuti decommissioning ndi kutaya wotsatira nkhondo angapo warhead anapangidwa osati chifukwa cha mavuto kuchokera kumbali American kapena kuperekedwa dziko (monga analimbikitsa mosayenera wokwezeka kukonda dziko lako mbadwa). Zifukwa anali kwambiri prosaic ndipo anali zachuma m'chilengedwe. bajeti dziko sankafuna kukhala mkulu mlingo zoterozo zolowa usilikali, kuphatikizapo ndalama pa ntchito yokonza ndi mayendedwe otchulidwa. Ndipo popanda izo zikhoza kuchitika wina Chernobyl, yekha kutali kwambiri. Chida dongosolo "Satana" kapolo wa pa chipwirikiti ambiri amene anatsagana azingokhala Soviet Union.

The Mtendere

Kamodzi pa dera la kamodzi wambawamba USSR boma achinyamata, mwadzidzidzi anapeza kuti onse kupanga kafukufuku ndi experimental mphamvu analenga zovuta ndi mwapadera Chiyukireniya. pofuna kukwaniritsa ndi kupanga amphamvu chitetezo wakhala zosatheka, osachepera kwa kanthawi kochepa.

Decommissioning mivi yoopsa kwa America sizitanthauza kuletsa ntchito pa zolinga zina kuposa eni ankakonda amapondereza magazini atsopano. Monga momwe zilili ndi wotchuka "East", galimoto atatembenuzidwa anali, ankaperekerako kukulozani katundu malonda ndi sayansi, kuphatikizapo anthu achilendo. Kodi kuchita? Pamene dziko likusowa ndalama, chifukwa adzapita ndi "Satana." Intercontinental ballistic chida mu nthawi kuchokera 1999 mpaka 2010 pa "Dnepr" pulogalamu anabweretsa makina dazeni anayi mu kanjira. The Launch zinachitika 14, chimene munthu zinalephereka.

"Voivod"

Mu Mipingo mochedwa, R-36M chida wamakono chaonekera kuti kuonjezera kukana ake zotsatira za vuto zotheka nyukiliya ndi kusintha ntchito mawu olondola. Komanso, zinafunika younikanso polingalira mbali watsopano wa machitidwe atsopano US chida chitetezo. CB "South" (Dnepropetrovsk) ali athana ndi ntchito chifukwa cha ntchitoyo mankhwala 15A18M amatchedwa "Voivode". Mu kukafola malemba a START-1, ukufanizidwa ndi malamulo "RS-20b", koma kwenikweni izo zinali chimodzimodzi chida dongosolo, "Satana", koma modernized.

Kusintha zinthu padziko lonse, m'kukoma kufunafuna utsogoleri NATO, ndipo makamaka United States, knead m'munsi yanu pafupi ndi zotheka kwa malire a Russia amatsogoleredwa kuti abwereze mawu a START-2, omwe si anapambana ratification, mu gawo limene anthu chulukanani ICBMs. 15A18M mivi (monoblocks nkhondo), ataima pa ntchito pa nthawiyo, adzakhala m'malo mwa latsopano Russian "Sarmat" maofesi, amatha kunyamula zokwana angapo. Koma iwo ndi nkhani ina ...