Car asilikali Russia

Car asilikali Russian (boma chidule AB Russian onyamula Mphamvu) ndi bungwe la Asilikali onyamula zida. Iwo anafuna kuti mayendedwe a anthu ogwira, kanyamulidwe ka chakudya, mafuta, zida ndi zipangizo zina, zomwe ndi zofunika kwa khalidwe la nkhondoyi. Komanso, galimoto ntchito ndi asilikali a gulu la anavulazidwa, kudwala, ndi luso. iwo kugwira mayunitsi ena amene alibe mayendedwe anu.

asilikali Russian amapangidwa ndi dongosolo galimoto, mayunitsi, mabungwe ndi kuzisamalira. Iwo akhoza kukhala mbali ya mayunitsi amaphatikiza manja ndi nyumba za chilengedwe, ya zachitetezo, asilikali kapena kukhala mayunitsi osiyana ndi magalimoto.

Mbiri ya mphamvu galimoto: ndi tsarist Russia

Gulu loyamba msewu Russian lachifumu asilikali anaonekera mu 1906. Iwo anali gawo la asilikali zomangamanga. Zinali omwe adali zinachitika wa avtobata ano. Patatha zaka zinayi, pa May 29, 1910, ku St. Petersburg, woyamba maphunziro avtorota analengedwa. Lero, tsiku limeneli chikondwerero monga Tsiku la asilikali ainjini. Patapita miyezi ingapo galimoto analenga ofesi ya Division ya usilikali Kulumikizana kwa Main Directorate ya General Wogwila. Woyamba avtoroty zonse anaonekera m'chaka cha 1911, ndiye woyamba galimoto zoyendera mtundu galimoto unapangidwa bungwe, zomwe zinakonzedwa kutengera. Chaka chotsatira, magalimoto kuyesedwa.

The First World nkhondo

Nkhondo isanayambe, mu 1914, gulu lankhondo la Russian owerengedwa avtorot asanu, onyamula 418 inkakhala katundu ndi 259 magalimoto anthu. Ngakhale manambala awo ang'ono, komanso mayendedwe onyansa msewu zatenganso mbali pa nkhondo imeneyi. Chifukwa cha asilikali galimoto anatha kutsimikizira kufunika. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito yoperekera Katundu asilikali, atavulazidwa ogwira, komanso kusuntha mfuti ndi mabomba ochita mfundo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, magalimoto anayamba kuvala zida. Motero zinaoneka woyamba magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Asilikali Russian panali 400 mayunitsi, iwo anali kusanduka broneotryadov 50 amene bwinobwino anamenyana pa kunkhondo. Ndi chiyambi cha October kuukira boma asilikali, kunali zikwi khumi mayunitsi galimoto, yomwe nkhani 22 avtoroty.

Soviet nyengo: Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Galimoto chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Civil nkhondo. Choncho, mu August 1918, Bungwe la Commissars Anthu anatengera kusamvana wapadera, amene theka magalimoto anaperekedwa m'manja mwa akuluakulu a asilikali. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha Red Army inkakhala magalimoto zikwi zinayi, ndipo mu 1920 - isanu ndi iwiri ndi theka zikwi. Ena mwa iwo anali magulu msewu, pamene ena anatitumiza kwa asilikali. Chimathandiza zombo zinachitika zikho chifukwa. Cholinga chachikulu cha dzanja ili anali yonyamula katundu pa mtunda wautali ndi kusintha mofulumira ogwira. Komanso, nthawi zambiri magalimoto wokwera zida - mfuti ndi mfuti za makina. Komanso, galimoto ntchito ngati ukhondo, ndi ndodo mauthenga pa wailesi.

Red Army: nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

Pakutha pa Nkhondo mu Red Army akuyamba kasinthidwe magalimoto ankavala. Woyamba m'banja galimoto, amene anapita kwa asilikali - galimoto Amo F-15. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kupanga battalions kuphunzira za galimoto (wapangidwa ndi makampani zisanu) kwa chigawo asilikali. Mu 1933 iye atalenga makina thupi, omwe anakhala woyamba kugwirizana dziko m'manja, zida zonse ndi zipangizo zimene anali samatha makina. Malinga ndi boma pa magalimoto mazana awiri chaperekedwa mu izo. Ndipo ndi 1936, monga mbali ya Red Army kale anayi thupi lotero wakhala anapanga.

The Industrial zisinthe

Mofulumira m'chigawo wamng'ono Soviet unachitikira mafakitale, mwa zina, ankamangidwanso akale namanga mafakitale watsopano galimoto. Pambuyo kasinthidwe ndi luso m'munsi mwa Amo ndi renaming zake Bzalani. Stalin, amabala atatu matani magalimoto ZIS-5. Pa nthawi yomweyo latsopano Gorky zomera ayamba kupanga polutorok lodziwika bwino GAZ-AA. Chifukwa cha asilikali galimoto zida ndi katundu wamakono, kuwonjezera patsogolo kasamalidwe awo a utumiki. Poyamba, iwo subordinated kwa mkulu wa asilikali Engineering Management mu 1924 GVIU n'kukhala ndi asilikali kasamalidwe luso kundipatsako kwa Red Army, ndipo mu 1929 analenga Office wa motorization ndi mechanization pa Commissariat of silikhali. Mu 1935 pali ziŵalo wina umm oti muli nazo zida Directorate, ndipo mu 1939 - mu Main oti muli nazo zida Directorate.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

A siteji latsopano mu chitukuko cha asilikali galimoto anakhala Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. kusintha mofulumira chilengedwe ntchito, kukula mphamvu za nkhondo zopangidwa kofunika kusamutsa posachedwapa wambirimbiri materiel ndi ntchito ya usilikali. Zonsezi zinkafuna kuchuluka kwa asilikali galimoto ndi mtundu wangwiro kwambiri mwa bungwe. Chifukwa, mu July 1941, analenga Road Administration, amene ali wamng'ono kwa kumbuyo kwa Red Army. magulu amenewa analengedwa ndi madipatimenti pa amadzibisa onse. chiwerengero cha magalimoto ku Red Army mu nthawi imeneyi anakwana mayunitsi 272.600. Iwo zochokera anali magalimoto GAZ-61 ndi GAZ-M1, komanso magalimoto ndi magalimoto wapadera zochokera GAZ-AA ndi GAZ-AAA GAZ-MM, ZIS-6 ndi ZIS-5. Mu miyezi ya nkhondo asilikali galimoto zinawonongeka zoopsa mu ogwira, ndipo mu gawo zakuthupi. Ena zomvetsa amenewa kuchepetsa ndi lolimbikitsa zida kuchokera kumabungwe a chuma, ndi mbali - chifukwa kupanga latsopano, koma chifukwa cha ntchito chiweruzo kupanga dziko ya m'madera mafakitale anali otsika. Komanso, kupeza ndi detachments zinachitika chifukwa cha zida okwanira kuchokera kunja. Komanso, chikho Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito galimoto (mu nthawi kuchokera 1942 mpaka 1943 Red Army analanda ena 123.000 magalimoto). Zonsezi walola kwambiri pa kuthekera kwa ntchito ya usilikali. Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa mapeto a ntchito asilikali ankhondo, panali oposa mamiliyoni 664 magalimoto, amene 33 peresenti anali kongoletsani-pangano zipangizo, ndi 10 peresenti - chikho. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, anthu masauzande ozimitsa avtobata anapatsidwa mphoto boma, ndipo ambiri - mutu wa Hero wa Soviet Union.

nthawi unawonongedwa

Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse chilumba anakhala funso la akuphunzitsa asilikali otha galimoto magalimoto, kuphatikizapo mabungwe wapadera cholinga. Pa nkhani imeneyi, popeza malemu makumi anai Soviet makampani anayamba kufalitsa magalimoto a asilikali, yemwe anali ndi matayala nsanja 6x6 ZIS 151. Mu 1953, mizere ulimi wa mbewu Likhachev oyamba ZIL 157 ndi ZIL-164, ndi chomera Gorky ayamba kupanga za GAZ 53. Pa zaka zao za sikisite ndi - makumi asanu ndi awiri a zaka mazana makumi awiri, ntchito akuphunzitsa asilikali ndi mitundu yatsopano ya ukachenjede magalimoto. Choncho, utumiki kufika UAZ-469, Ural 375, gasi 66, Zil-131. Mu 1975, Union asilikali utumiki galimoto analengedwa, imene parlance wamba pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anali akuti "avtobat". Mu chaka chomwecho asilikali analandira nthumwi loyamba la Kama galimoto Chomera - KAMAZ-5310.

Afghanstan nkhondo

Kumayambiriro a asilikali zoyendera nkhondo materiel asilikali ankhondo makumi anai anapanga khumi galimoto battalion. Choncho, yobereka ndi mizati msewu, zimene zinaphatikizapo magalimoto flatbed (mpaka mayunitsi makumi asanu), ndi magalimoto kukonza (mayunitsi teni). Komanso, nakhala ndi refrigerators. gululi ikuchitika okha pa maola masana. mizati Alonda anagwira BMP, BTR ndi ZSU. Pa ntchito asilikali katundu Afghanistan avtobatom anali kuwatumiza ambiri, chiwerengero kulemera kwa amene analipo matani oposa miliyoni khumi. Mu 1987 pali ziŵalo wina ndi asilikali galimoto kusamukira pansi ku Central galimoto ndi Road Dipatimenti ya Utumiki wa Odziteteza (TSADU). Iwo ali ndithu dongosolo nthambi. Tsopano mayunitsi lankhondo la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya asilikali analandira gawo lawo kuonetsetsa kuti mayendedwe a asilikali ndi katundu wa asilikali. Njira yapadera kwambiri wokhulupirira kubweretsa ntchito ndi njira lonse wapadera zitsulo galimoto brigade amene ali kutsogolo, asilikali ndi lamulo lapadera.

nthawi yatsopano

Mu 2000, ndi dongosolo la nduna za Kuteteza la Russia anakhazikitsa Tsiku usilikali pagalimoto. holide imeneyi chikondwerero asilikali avtobatov m'dziko lonselo. Mu St. Petersburg, Moscow ndi asilikali ena mizinda Russian galimoto moni kutenga 29 May. Pa tsiku ili, ziziyenda asilikali kumva mawu oyamikira okondedwa awo ndi lamulo. Komanso, pa Tsiku la pagalimoto asilikali anaganiza kudzamuthokoza alonda malo ndi anamenyela amene atumikira mu Russian Federation avtobate. Mu 2010, nkhondowo mkono wa zaka zana. Nthawi yotsegula chionetsero mu Bronnitsy (Moscow dera). Linali magalimoto, amene tsopano ali mu utumiki ndi zidutswa ano avtobata.

ngati utumiki n'zosavuta avtobate?

Lero, kulemba anthu usilikali ambiri amakonda kulowa utumiki, ndipo ambiri a iwo mwanjira kosavuta kuposa mayunitsi ankhondo. Komabe, kupereka kwawo ngongole avtobate bwino, ndi zina zambiri zovuta kuposa asilikali ena. kusintha pafupipafupi akuguba convoys asilikali chakudya, aliyense, kuwonjezera, ayenera kuganizira kuti malangizo yaikulu ya zachitetezo, kwa amene Ufumuyo, mbali galimoto. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mbali ya asilikali avtobat zomangamanga ayesana nawo m'makani kuwoloka okhazikika pontoon, ndipo ichi ndi yovuta kwambiri.

The maphunziro a alonda kwa asilikali magalimoto ikuchitika sukulu zomangamanga asilikali ndi maphunziro, chifukwa cha sukulu yapadera la asilikali galimoto chabe kulibe. Komanso asanu wamba mayunivesite Russia ndi madipatimenti asilikali, okhazikika m'dera limeneli.

Russian asilikali chizindikiro galimoto ndi zinthu zina

Mawonekedwe a mtundu uwu wa asilikali - kuphatikiza manja. Decals ndi kupindika ndi totsegulira Logo ndi asilikali Moto. Photo anapereka m'nkhani ino atsimikiza wamphamvu. Flag wa asilikali galimoto ndi wakuda mbendera lolembedwa ndi chevron-chizindikiro anapangidwa ndi tepi St. George, ndipo Mwambi: "Asilikali Automotive ali wokonzeka kutaya."